職稱英語理工類A級(jí)模擬54

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中由1個(gè)詞或者短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Heexpressedconcernthattheshipmightbeindistress.

A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.

danger

2、It1salladvisableideatogetoutofthedispute.

A.wiseB.urgentC.uselessD,proper

3、Therewasnoalternativebuttoclosetheroad.

A.wayB.meansC.choiceD.reason

4、Heseemsbizarrethesedays.

A.unusualB.absent-mindedC.crazyD.lunatic

5、We1rehappytocollaboratewithyouintheproject.

A.competeB.cooperateC.coordinateD.

contend

6、Thistextistoodifficulttocomprehend,

A.understandB.digestC.summarizeD.read

7、Theroomissmallbutcozy.

A.coldB.splendidC.comfortableD.

gorgeous

8、Theleader1scorruptionunderminedtheimageofthecompany.

A.establishB.damageC.strengthenD.

consolidate

9、Thenoveldepictsthehistoryofthenation.

A.narratesB.illustratesC.describesD.

exemplify

10>Civilrightsareembodiedintheplatform.

A.includedB.excludedC.expressedD.

emerged

11>Shelikestovisitexoticislands.

A.distantB.interestingC.remoteD.

backwards

12>Thefoodwehaveisinadequate.

A.toomuchB.toomanyC,notenoughD,notshort

13>Manypeopleintheregionhavediedfromtheepidemicdisease.

A.infectiousB.inferiorC.infiniteD.

inevitable

14、Sheisincapableofdoingthedemandingjob.

A.qualifiedofB.incompetentwithC.goodatD.ignorant

of

15、It1sjustapettymistake.

A.majorB.importantC.seriousD.minor

第2部分：閱讀判斷

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容為每個(gè)句子作出判斷。

ComputerMouse

Thebasiccomputermouseisanamazinglycleverinventionwitharelatively

simpledesignthatallowsustopointatthingsonthecomputeranditis

veryproductive.Thinkofallthethingsyoucandowithamouselikeselecting

textforcopyingandpasting（涂）,drawing,andevenscrollingonthepage

withthenewermicewiththewheel.Mostofususethecomputermousedaily

withoutstoppingtothinkhowitworksuntilitgetsdirtyandwehaveto

learnhowtocleanit.Welearntopointatthingsbeforewelearntospeak,

sothemouseisaverynaturalpointingdevice.Othercomputerpointingdevices

includelightpenszgraphics（圖形）tabletsandtouchscreens,butthemouse

isstillourworkhorse.

Thecomputermousewasinventedin1964byDouglasEnglehartofStanford

University.Ascomputerscreensbecamemorepopularandarrowkeyswereused

tomovearoundabodyoftextzitbecameclearthatapointingdevicethat

allowedeasiermotionthroughthetextandevenselectionoftextwouldbe

veryuseful.Theintroductionofthemouse,withtheAppleLisacomputerin

1983,reallystartedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouse

forroutine（常規(guī)）computertasks.

Howdoesthemousework?Wehavetostartatthebottom,sothinkupside

downfornow.Itallstartswiththemouseball.Asthemouseballinthe

bottomofthemouserollsoverthemousepad,itpressesagainstandturns

twoshafts（軸）.Theshaftsareconnectedtowheelswithseveralsmallholes

inthem.Thewheelshaveapairofsmallelectroniclight-emittingdevices

calledlight-emittingdiodes（LED.mountedoneitherside.OneLEDsendsa

lightbeamtotheLEDontheotherside.Asthewheelsspinandaholerotates

by,thelightbeamgetsthroughtotheLEDontheotherside.Butamoment

laterthelightbeamisblockeduntilthenextholeisinplace.TheLEDdetects

（發(fā)現(xiàn)）achangingpatternoflight,convertsthepatternintoanelectronic

signalzandsendsthesignal（發(fā)信號(hào)）tothecomputerthroughwiresinacable

thatgoesoutthemousebody.Thiscableisthetailthathelpsgivethemouse

itsname.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignaltotellitwheretoposition

thecursoronthecomputerscreen.

Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyou

probablyhaveorhaveused.Oneproblemwiththisdesignisthatthemouse

getsdirtyastheballrollsoverthesurfaceandpicksupdirt.Eventually

youhavetocleanyourmouse.Theneweropticalmiceavoidthisproblemby

havingnomovingparts.

16、Mostcomputeruserswanttoknowhowthecomputermouseworks.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Accordingtotheauthor,generalcomputerusersneednottoknowhowthe

computermousewasinvented.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thecomputermousederivesitsnamefromthecablethatgoesoutitsbody,

whichlookslikethetailofamouse.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、ThekeycomponentsofacomputermousearethetwoLEDs.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Whenanordinarycomputermousegetsdirty,ithastobereplacedwith

anewone.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>ThemostdurablecomputermiceonsalearetheIBMones.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Theopticalmouseissuperiortothebasiconeinthattheformerhas

nomovingparts.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

MoreRuralResearchIsNeeded

1.Agriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditself

betterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientistzsaiddemandwas

growingat2.5%peryear,butwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopment

ofnewonesztheworldshouldbeabletostayahead.

2,"Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearch

mustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducing

malnutritionandpoverty,"hesaid.

3.Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradationand

environmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowth

which,inturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureof

1

theworldsabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25yearszwhentheworld's

populationisexpectedtorisefrom5.8to8billionpeople.Hesaidthat

thingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutthere'11stillbealotofhungry

people.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbein

sub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2020,similartothecurrentpattern.

Ifthereisanychange,aslightimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,

butnotinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThemajorimprovementwillbeineastAsia,

SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.

4.Thedevelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,

ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)onresearch,andthedeveloped

worldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfrom

allcountries.

5.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthatspreadacross

manycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offsforMexico,

ChinaorIndia.

6."Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbut

alotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoney

canbeusedveryefficiently,HDr.Fischersaid.

7.Yieldsofrice,wheatandmaizehavegrownimpressivelyinthepast

30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexamplezmaizeproduction

rosefrom2-8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdriving

thisgrowth,suchashigh-yieldvarietieszfertilizerszandirrigation,were

becomingexhausted."Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agricultural

activities,forforestsandwildlife,you'regoingtohavetoincreaseyield,n

Dr.Fischersaid.

23、A.TheSameorImprovedFoodSupplySituationin2020

B.ResearchFocusonIncreasedYield

C.MoreResearchFundingNeeded

D.LocalSituationsAnalyzed

E.IncreaseinInvestmentonAgriculturalResearch

F.SustainedDevelopmentofModernTechnologies

Paragraph1

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph7

27>A.ifwecandriveyieldup

B.whenMexico,ChinaandIndiajoinintheproject

C.ifwewanttofightagainestmalnutritionandpoverty

D.whenweusemoderntechnologiesanddevelopnewones

E.whenthedevelopedworldhelpthedevelopingworld

F.whenstrategicresearchcanbeutilizedworldwide

Dr.Fischerclaimsthatagriculturewillcontinuetodevelop

28、Landcanbesavedforotherpurposes

29、Theinvestmentcanheregardedasefficient

30、Theglobaldecreaseininvestmentshouldbechanged

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇

ExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactiveWaste

ThewithdrawalofNevada1sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwaste

repositoryhasreopenedthedebateoverhowandwheretodisposeofspent

nuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwaste.InanarticleintheJuly10issue

ofScience,UniversityofMichigangeologistRodneyEwingandPrinceton

UniversitynuclearphysicistFrankvonHippelarguethat,althoughfederal

agenciesshouldsetstandardsandissuelicensesfortheapprovalofnuclear

facilities,localcommunitiesandstatesshouldhavethefinalapprovalon

thesitingofthesefacilities.Theauthorsproposethedevelopmentofmultiple

sitesthatwouldservicetheregionswherenuclearreactorsarelocated.

"Themaingoal...,shouldbetoprovidetheUnitedStateswithmultiple

processthatrequiresacceptancebyhostcommunitiesandstates,ntheauthors

write.

EwingandvonHippelalsoanalyzethereasonswhyYuccaMountain,selected

byCongressin1987astheonlysitetobeinvestigatedforlong-termnuclear

wastedisposalzfinallywasshelvedaftermorethanthreedecadesofoften

1

controversialdebate.Thereasonsincludethesitesgeologicalproblemsz

managementproblemszimportantchangesintheEnvironmentalProtection

Agency1sstandard,unreliablefundingandthefailuretoinvolvelocal

communitiesinthedecision-makingprocess.

Goingforward,effortsshouldbedirectedatlocatingstoragefacilities

1

inthenationsnortheastern,southeastern,midwesternandwesternregionsz

andstateswithinagivenregionshouldberesponsiblefordevelopingsolutions

thatsuittheirparticularcircumstances.Transportationofnuclearwaste

overlongdistanceszwhichwasaconcernwiththeYuccaMountainsite,would

belessofaproblembecausetemporarystorageorgeologicaldisposalsites

couldbelocatedclosertoreactors.

"ThisregionalapproachwouldbesimilartothecurrentapproachinEurope,

wherespentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwastefromabout150reactors

andreprocessingplantsistobemovedtoanumberofgeologicalrepositories

inavarietyofrocktypes,nsaidRodneyEwing,whohaswrittenextensively

abouttheimpactofnuclearwastemanagementontheenvironmentandwhohas

analyzedsafetyassessmentcriteriaforthecontroversialYuccaMountain

nuclearwasterepository.

31>Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestsubstitutetheword"withdrawal

inthefirstparagraph?

A.Retirement.B.Canceling.C.Replaced.D.

Disposal.

32^AccordingtoRodneyEwingandFrandvonHippel,wheretolocatenuclear

facilities.

A.shouldbeapprovedbythefederalgovernment

B.shouldbeapprovedbylocalpeopleandstates

C.shouldbeapprovedbyCongress

D.isnotanimportantissue

33、WhatisNOTtrueaboutthe1987decisionbyCongressconcerningsiting

ofnuclearwastedisposal?

A.YuccaMountainwasselectedastheonlysiteforanuclearwaste

repository.

B.TheselectionofYuccaMountainfornuclearwastedisposalcaused

muchcontroversy.

C.ThedecisionbyCongresswasputasideduetoanumberofproblems.

D.ThedecisionbyCongresswasacceptedbylocalcommunities.

34、Whatdoestheauthoroftheessayinthefourthparagraphwanttosay?

A.Effortsshouldbemadetosolvetheproblemsoftransportationof

nuclearwasteoverlongdistance.

B.Effortsshouldbemadetodevelopasmanynucleardisposalsitesin

theUSaspossible.

C.Effortsshouldbemadetodevelopnucleardisposalsitestosuitthe

circumstancesoftheregion.

D.Effortsshouldbemadetobuilduptemporarynucleardisposalsites

aspossible.

35、Whatismeantby1+regionalapproach"asmentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Wastedisposalsitesarelocatedclosetoreactorsandinplacessuitable

fortheregionalcircumstances.

B.Geologicalrepositoriesarelocatedinavarietyofrocktypes.

C.Spentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwasteismovedtodeveloping

countries.

D.Wastedisposalsitesarelocatedfarawayfromreactors.

弟一^扁

TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety

Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschoolzthe

psychologistsattheUniversityofChicagolSianBeilockandSusanLevine

foundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachersthinkandwhat

femalestudentslearn：Ifafemaleteacherisuncomfortablewithherownmath

skillszthenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysare

betterthangirlsatmath.

"Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachersinlatergrades,

itmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachievement,HsaidLevine.In

otherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers.The

studysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetter

atmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywould

haveiftheyweremoreconfident.

Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfind

certainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn—andteach.Thesubjectofmathcan

beparticularlydifficultforeveryone.Researchersusetheword'*anxiety"

todescribesuchfeelings：anxietyisuneasinessorworry.

Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeeling

caninfluencehowherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved

65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschools

intheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginning

andendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescores.

Theresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststotellwhetherthestudents

believedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturned

totheteachers：Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,the

researchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacross

math,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt.Ateacherwhogotnervouslooking

atthenumbersonasalesreceiptzforexample,wasprobablyanxiousabout

math.

Boys,onaverage,wereunaffectedbyateacher1sanxiety.Onaverage,girls

withmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathtests

thanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeone

thoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboys

wouldbebetteratmath—andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteachers

whohadmathanxiety.

"Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedas

preliminaryandinneedofreplicationwithalargersample,”saidDavidGeary,

apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouriinColumbia.

36、WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,according

tothefirstparagraph?

A.Girlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysat

math.

B.Girlsuncomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboys

atmath.

C.Femaleteachers*mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents*math

skills.

D.Femaleteachers*confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl1s

mathskills.

37、Whatisimpliedinthethirdparagraph?

A.Mathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoits

difficulty.

B.Adifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffeetteachers1confidenceinteaching

thesubject.

C.Teachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearning

math.

D.Mathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachit.

38、Accordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousabout

mathwhentheyfelt_______.

A.nervousmemorizingthenumbersofasalesreceipt

B.helplesssavingthenumbersofasalesreceipt

C.uneasyreadingthenumbersofasalesreceipt

D.hopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesreport

39、Thesixthparagraphtellsusthattheresearchfindings.

A.proveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers*mathanxietyandtheir

femalestudents*mathachievements

B.showthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheirmath

anxietythanfemalestudents

C.providestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobe

malesthanfemales

D.discoverastronglinkbetweenteachers1mathanxietyandtheirstudents,

mathachievements

40、DavidGearythinksthat.

A.thestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchprocess

B.theresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargersample

C.theresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobemeaningful

D.thestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificantresults

卯-

HurricaneKatrina

Ahurricaneisafiercelypowerful,rotatingformoftropicalstormthat

canbe124to1,240milesindiameter.Thetermhurricaneisderivedfrom

Hurican,thenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalof

acalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter,

knownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetime,oneof

thesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.

Theseedforhurricaneformationisaclusterofthunderstormsoverwarm

tropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surface

temperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.These

requirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernhemisphere.

Undertheseconditions,largequantitiesofwaterevaporateandcondense

intocloudsandrain—releasingheatintheprocess.Itisthisheatenergy,

combinedwiththerotationoftheEarththatdrivesahurricane.

Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstorise,

itcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawn

intothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoisture-ladenairfromthe

seasurfaceinaprocessthatswellsthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktothe

oceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.

Initially,whenwindspeedsreach23milesperhour,thesemild,wetand

greyweathersystemsareknownasdepressions.HurricaneKatrinaformedin

thiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.Katrinahashad

adevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUSzleavingadisasterzone

of90,000squaremilesinitswake—almostthesizeoftheUK.Thousandshave

beenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebeendisplaced

inahumanitariancrisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincethegreatdepression.

Thecostofthedamagemaytop$100billion.

41、Whatistheeyeofahurricane?

A.AnativeAmericanstormgod.

B.Arotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1,240milesin

diameter.

C.Acalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter.

D.Astormthatcanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.

42、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheHrequirementsnmentionedinthesecond

paragraph?

A.Thetropicalwatersarewarmandcalm.

B.Thesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃.

C.Therearethunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.

D.The