閱讀理解之說明文

【2020年】

1.（2020?新課標(biāo)I）B

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanold

friend.ThereJsawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthat

timehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon,tchange,people

do.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbased

onourpresentmentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltime

haswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.It'saboutthenowand

whatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthor

andreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingevery

springisErnestIIemningway,sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassic

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard's

HolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethird

bookisJulioCortazar,sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

Cortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor,sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway?slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway,sfriendsinParis.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"currency°inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

CAllowance.

D.Facevalue.

27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年

重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"Butbooksdon,tchange,peopledo.And

that'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.（但是書沒變，

人變那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處）”和第二段“Thebeautyof

rereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.It

istrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.（重新閱讀的美妙之處在于

我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀(jì)越大，就越覺得時光飛

逝。）”可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴(kuò)展對自己的理解。故選D項。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第：段"Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof

1920sParis."及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”

可知，這本書出版于1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年

時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡單的日子的回顧。由此可判斷出AMovableFeast是關(guān)于海明威年

輕時的生活。故選B項。

26.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfuland

necessary,（雖然金錢確實是美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語

境可推知，"rereadinganauthorJsworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpay

them."意為”但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞

的意思是“回報”。故選B項。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"ThethirdbookisJulioCortdzar*sSave

Twilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.（第三本書是胡里奧?科塔扎的《拯救暮光之

城：詩歌精選》，因為詩歌）”可知，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。

2.（2020?新課標(biāo)I）C

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatthe

SummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthan

themarathon.ButthesportJsrulesrequirethataracewalker?skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）with

thegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchan

attractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorof

exercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomost

calculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout

800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywould

burnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000

ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norberg

says.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimes

theirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,create

onlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchas

runnerJsknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoes

placeconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuch

injuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishing

totryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracerto

learnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

30.WhatisDr.NorbergJssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts*opinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor?sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B

【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的

人，要想從事這樣運(yùn)動要謹(jǐn)慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker*s

kneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact

withthegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項運(yùn)動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的

大部分時間保持伸宜，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運(yùn)動員是需要具備某些條

件的運(yùn)動員是因為運(yùn)動員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選c項。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuries

associatedwithrunning,suchasrunnerJsknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”

可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競

走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotry

racewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearn

propertechnique（事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗的競走運(yùn)動

員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记伞＃笨芍珼r.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A

項。

3L推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswith

running,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,

however,haveitsownproblem.w可知,研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而

且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀

的。故選B項。

3.（2020?新課標(biāo)I）D

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudyconductedin

Youngstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity

experiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductive

whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenit

astepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemto

performdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensors

printedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey,reshortofwaterandaplantthatcan

detectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."WeJrethinkingabouthowwecanengineer

plantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichael

Strano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusing

somecommonvegetables.Strano,steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlight

forthree-and-a-ha1fhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneeded

toreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedto

lighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcan

besprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplantJs

lifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wherethe

glowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）-suchasthedistancefrom

apowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduring

transmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants'lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明「綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)

院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的

一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。

32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,

employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecorated

withhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地

區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率

會提高15吼由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedon

theirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植

物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師

植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的情況。故選Ao

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由

此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotal

electricityconsumedintheUS.Since1ightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepower

source-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet1ampsonaremotehighway-a

lotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance

andthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電

源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物

可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，

因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，

以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。

由此可知，C選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

4.（2020?新課標(biāo)H）B

Someparentswi11buyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoung

childrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobea

significantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesin

parents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and

46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,

ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,wLevine

saidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,

andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-income

parentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboys

andgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystended

toplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmore

spatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents'age.B.Children,simagination.

C.ParentsJeducation.D.Child-parentrelationship.

26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B

【解析】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研

究過程和結(jié)果。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages

2and4developbetterspatialskill（在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力

方面更好）可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatial

skills（發(fā)展空間能力）符合以上說法，故選B項。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictor

ofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents*income,educationandthe

amountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.（Levine說，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父

母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測）可知Levine在設(shè)計這個試驗時考

慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents'education.（父母的教育）符合

以上說法，故選C項。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplex

puzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會玩難度更大的謎

題。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.（他們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題）

符合以上說法，故選D項。

27.主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究

過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B.Ascientificstudy（一項科學(xué)研究）符合以上說

法，故選B項。

5.（2020?新課標(biāo)H）C

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyour

holidaylist,furprobablydidn,tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion

（時裝）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海

貍鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmade

intoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free

fur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,

saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5

atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlast

month.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It's

destroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertin

thisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesays

it'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtabout

it.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton's

jobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere*sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togive

peopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpainton

them-1thinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”

DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion

thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocome

upwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.

Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It's

traditional.

【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B

【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出

海貍鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設(shè)計師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉

措，科學(xué)家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔(dān)憂。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn

haveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazy

totalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroying

vastwetlandseveryyear,“saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀，時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的

不同風(fēng)格的衣服，項目總監(jiān)CreeMcCree說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則

談?wù)摕o罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以判斷出由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這

場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthatthey

decidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藫?dān)心以至于他們決定按照一條海

貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂海貍鼠們嚴(yán)重破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故

選Ao

30.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,but

whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimals

multipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的控制，但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市

場在20世紀(jì)80年代末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，根據(jù)but判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)

系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于

市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意

思最相近。故選D。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt

-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithink

that/sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.“得知，為了給人們一

種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認(rèn)為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，

根據(jù)模特摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風(fēng)險的。故選B。

6.（2020?新課標(biāo)III）D

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillions

ofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefinding

examplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopian

highlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEast

AfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilk

asadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell、ateamofresearchersreporteda

newkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupof

sea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,

asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysia

andthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,

they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters."Theyaresimply

astrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcher

whostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthe

Philippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.

“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversity

ofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhave

ledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem,

“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,“

saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelp

theBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhuman

evolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthe

coast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandand

water.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorldJsBestDivers

【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文。最近一項對人類基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在

數(shù)十億年前，而且最近幾千年也有。Bajau人因為靠海為生，他們的身體已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成更能

適應(yīng)海洋生活。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjust

evolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoour

genes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousand

years.（我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物，而且不僅僅是數(shù)H乙年前的產(chǎn)物。當(dāng)科學(xué)家更深入的研究我們

的基因時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過去幾千年進(jìn)化的例子）可知，作者列舉第一段的例子是為了

告訴我們關(guān)于人類進(jìn)化的一個新信息，那就是人類在最近幾千年也在進(jìn)化。B.New

knowledgeofhumanevolution.（人類進(jìn)化的新知識）符合以上說法，故選B項。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberin

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhave

traditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthouseson

stiltsincoastalwaters.（這些人被稱為Bajau,在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)

十萬人。他們一直住在船屋上；最近他們也把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上）可知，Bajau

把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D.Offthecoast.（沿海）符合以上說法，故選D項。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwater

muchlongerthanuslocalislanders.（我們很驚訝,他們在水下待的時間比我們當(dāng)?shù)氐?/p>

島民要長的多）可知，讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時間。C.They

couldstaylongunderwater.（他們能在水下待很長時間）符合以上說法，故選C項。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticle

publishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoair

ortofood,buttotheocean.（周四，在《細(xì)胞》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章中，一群研究人

員報道了一種新的適應(yīng)——不是空氣也不是食物，而是海洋）可知，本文主要講述了一種新

的進(jìn)化，即長期生活在海邊，靠海為生的生活方式，讓Bajau人的身體進(jìn)化成更適應(yīng)海洋

生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea,（身體為適應(yīng)海洋生活而重塑）可以作為本

文標(biāo)題，故選A項。

7.（2020?江蘇卷）B

Sometimesit'shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplyto

institutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry*spast-age-oldcastles,

splendidhomes…andredphoneboxes.

Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherin

junkyards（廢品場）,thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomething

ofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreets

andvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillator

machines（除顫器）.

Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.Theywere

designedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationin

London.Afterbecominganimportantpartofmany