廣東省廣州市2022屆高三上學期12月階段訓練英語試卷一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解SmokejumpersEveryyear,wildfiresdestroymillionsofhectaresofforest.Homesaredamaged,andthousandsofpeopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.Whatisasmokejumper?Smokejumpersareaspecialtypeoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.Whatdosmokejumpersdo?Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopafirefromspreading.Usingbasicequipmentsuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butonlyalimitedamount.Whocanbeasmokejumper?Althoughthemajorityofsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland，orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustalsobecapableofsurvivinginthewildness.Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn'tjustanoccupation.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldsmokejumperBobSmithsays,"Thisisthebestjobfortoughguys."1．Whatisthefirstthingasmokejumperdoesafterarrivingatafiresite?A．Cleartheland.B．Studythearea.C．Lookforwater.D．Putoutthefire.2．Ifyouwanttobeasmokejumper,youmustbe_______________.A．maleB．withinacertainweightrangeC．abletoflyaplaneD．olderthan28yearsofage3．Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A．B．C．D．閱讀理解Underthefirstfullmoonoftheyear,musicloversinNorwaysitonseatsmadeoficeandcoveredwithanimalskins.Onafrozenstage,musiciansinfurryhatsandcoatsplayinstrumentscarvedfromice!ThisshowistheIceMusicFestival,theonlyconcertintheworldofitskind.Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTerjeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusicalinstrument.Isungsetspentyearsexperimentingwithiceinstruments.Themorehelearned,themoreexcitedhebecame.Afteryearsoftrialanderror,hewasreadytostarttheIceMusicFestivalin2016.Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.Heprefersnottousehuman-madeice,becausehebelievesfrozenlakewatersoundsbetter.Thismaybesupportedbyscience.Scientistshavenoticedthatnaturalicehasfewerbubbles(氣泡),whichcouldleadtoaclearersound.Oncetheicehasbeensourced,professionalicecarversusetoolstocreateinstruments.Theycarveeverythingfromsaxophonestoxylophones.Thecarversoftenchangethelookoftheinstruments,whichhelpsthemproducespecial,evenunique,sounds.Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.Playingthefrozeninstrumentsisachallenge.Eachperformancesurprisesboththemusiciansandtheaudience.Aftertheconcertisover,Isungsetjokesthatthemusicianswilldrinktheirinstruments.Actually,theyjustleavetheirstageandinstrumentsbehind,givingitallbacktonature.4．WhatinspiredIsungset'sinterestinicemusic?A．Learningtoplayaniceinstrument.B．AttendingthefirstIceMusicFestival.C．Playingmusicinafrozenenvironment.D．Experimentingwithfrozeninstruments.5．HowdoesIsungsetchoosethebestice?A．Bytestingthesoundthatitmakes.B．Byreferringtoscientificexplanations.C．Bycomparingthesourcesoficepieces.D．Bycheckingthenumberofbubblesithas.6．Whatisthebiggestchallengefacedbyicemusicmusicians?A．Playinginsuchcoldweather.B．Gettingridoftheirinstruments.C．Selectingtheirinstruments'look.D．Predictingtheirinstruments'sounds.7．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．TopromotethetalentsofTerjeIsungset.B．Toreviewarecently-heldmusicfestival.C．Tointroduceanewandoriginaltypeofmusic.D．ToencouragepeopletojoinintheIceMusicFestival.閱讀理解Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalParkin1995.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.By2007,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170.GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock(牲畜).Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(小野狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplan,worryingthatwolveswouldkilltheirlivestockorpets.Otherpeoplefearedthatthewolveswouldnotbewell-protectedinYellowstone.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.Theyincludedmanycompromisestohelppeopleacceptthewolves'presence.Forexample,theypromisedtopayfarmersforlivestockkilledbywolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolvesinYellowstone.Certainwolveswearspecialcollarstohelpbiologistsgatherinformationabouthowthewolveslive,hunt,andreproduce.Eachyearthewolfpopulationiscounted.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Deerandcoyotepopulationsaredown,whileredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.8．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Whygraywolvesbecameadangertofarmers.B．WhatgraywolvespreferredaboutlivinginCanada.C．Howgraywolveswereforcedoutoftheiroriginalhomes.D．WhengraywolvesweregraduallyreintroducedtoYellowstone.9．Howisparagraph3developed?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Byexplainingcauseandeffect.C．Bylistingeventsintimeorder.D．Byusingstatisticsandexamples.10．WhydidbiologistssuggestthereintroductionofwolvesintoYellowstone?A．Toreducethepark'splantdiversity.B．Toprotectthewolvesfromdyingout.C．Tocontrolthelocallivestockproblem.D．Tolimitthedeerandcoyotepopulations.11．Whichstatementbestsummarizesthewriter'sviewpoint?A．WolvesareanimportantpartofAmericannationalparks.B．Yellowstone'swolfreintroductionprogramwasamistake.C．Thegovernmentshouldberesponsibleforreintroducingwolves.D．Yellowstone'swolfprogramhasbenefitedthewolvesandthepark.閱讀理解Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.Thescientistsrecruited9619-month-oldchildren.Duringtheexperiments,achildandaresearchersatacrossfromeachother.Inthecontrolgroupofthefirstsetofexperiments,researchersthrewapieceoffruitontoaplatewheretheycouldn'treach,butthechildcould.Theythenwaited.Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefood.Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.Theexperimentswererepeatedfourtimes.Researchersgotsimilarresultseachtime.Babieswithsiblings(兄弟姐妹)andbabiesfromLatinoorAsianfamiliessharedmoreofthefruit,theteamalsofound.CarterMorgan,leadprofessorofthestudy,said,"Weoftenthinkofbabiesasselfish.Butherewefindthattheyarewillingtohelpothersevenwhenitcomesatsome'cost'totheself."Addressingwhychildrenwithsiblingsorfromcertainculturalbackgroundsweremorelikelytosharetheirfruit,Morgansaid,"Webelievethispartlyreflectswhatsocialpsychologistscall'interdependence',whichstressesontheimportanceofinterpersonalconnectionsandadjustingtoothers.Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife."12．Theunderlinedword"altruism"mostprobablymeans__________________.A．generosityB．creativityC．friendlinessD．confidence13．Whatcanbeinferredabout19-month-oldbabies?A．Theyknowwhentohavelunch.B．Theyunderstandsignalsforhelp.C．Theycanclassifydifferentfruits.D．Theycanexpresstheirneedsfreely.14．Whichgraphbestexplainsthefindingsoftheexperiments?A．B．C．D．15．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Attitudestowardssharingchangegreatlyaspeoplegetolder.B．Babiesfromfamilieswithanonlychildarenotwillingtoshare.C．It'seasiertocontrolbabies'selfishdesireswhentheyarehungry.D．Socialexperiencesplayaroleinaffectingbabies'behaviorofsharing.二、任務型閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Areyousittingmorethanever?16．You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.17．Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.18．Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.Asthetotalsittingtimeincreases,sodoestheriskofearlydeath."Sitless,movemore"iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.19．Itisliketellingsomeonetojust"exercise"withouttellingthemhow.Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.Forexample,theCenterforDiseaseControlrecommendsadultsdoexercisefortwohoursand30minuteseveryweek,plusmusclestrengtheningactivitiestwoormoredaysaweek.Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.20．"Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace,"Diaz,theleadresearchersaid,addingthatthestudyhasputusastepclosertothesatisfyingguidelines.Butmoreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheirapproach.A.Nowit'stimetogetupandmovearound.B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.C.Healthexpertsalsosuggestexercisingonadailybasis.D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.三、完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Themorninghadbeenadisaster.Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday,andI'dbeenina/an21．withafriend.Herwordsstillhurt,"Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?"Ishookmyheadandfeltthe22．inmytooth.Itwasreally23．.Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.24．,ataboutlunchtime,Igotlucky."Ifyou25．rightnow,"thereceptionistsaid,"thedentistwillfityouin."Irushedouttomycar.ButsuddenlyIbeganto26．aboutthedentist.Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagerto27．someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas28．astheothers?WhileIwasinthedentist'soffice,IsawnothingbuttheemptywallsandIbecameevenmore29．.Theassistant30．mynervousnessandplacedherwarmhandovermyice-coldone.WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.Justliedownand31．.Andenjoytheartwork.""Theartwork?""Iwas32．.Thechairwentback,andsuddenlyIsmiled.Therewasabeautifulpicture,rightwhereIcouldenjoyit:onthe33．.How34．thedentistwas!Atthatmoment,I35．whatmyfriendmeant.21．A．discussionB．argumentC．negotiationD．meeting22．A．warningB．bitternessC．painD．danger23．A．impossibleB．irresistibleC．unreasonableD．unbearable24．A．BesidesB．FinallyC．LatelyD．Therefore25．A．comeoverB．passonC．showoffD．settledown26．A．doubtB．careC．learnD．talk27．A．believeB．contactC．treatD．visit28．A．proudB．busyC．skilledD．careful29．A．eagerB．confidentC．curiousD．worried30．A．noticedB．examinedC．ignoredD．reduced31．A．paintB．relaxC．sleepD．smile32．A．annoyedB．frightenedC．embarrassedD．confused33．A．wallB．doorC．ceilingD．floor34．A．considerateB．imaginativeC．professionalD．patient35．A．heardB．rememberedC．understoodD．valued四、語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Theskyscraper(摩天大樓)becamethestandarddesignofamodern,globalcityinthe20thcentury.Somuchsothatbytheendoflastcentury,centersofmanybigcitiesaroundtheworldbegan36．(look)alike.Asweenteredthe21stcentury,manydesignersbegantoask37．(they):Isthis38．wewantourcitiestolook?Mustourcitiesgiveuptheirindividualidentitiestobecomemodern?Some39．(architect)haverespondedtothesequestionsbyincorporatingtraditionaldesignelementsintotheirskyscrapers.Othersarereturning40．localtraditionsand,often,localmaterials.InChina,internationallyfamousarchitectWangShuwantstobringabreathoffreshairtomoderndesign.HeiscreatingdesignsinwhichmodernconcreteandChinesetraditionalbuildingpracticescoexist.TraditionalChinesebuildings,41．(include)homes,oftenhavegreenspacesontheinside.WangsaysthatthemostimportantthingforChinesepeopleis"livinginsome42．(peace)placewithtrees,water,andyourfamilytogether."Hekeepsthisideainmindandreusesoldmaterialsinhisnewbuildings.Somebuildingscontain43．(recycle)bricksandtilesfromconstructionsthat44．(build)hundredsofyearsago.Wangbelievesthisiswhatgives45．buildingitsspiritandmakesitfeelalive.五、寫作（共兩節，滿分40分)46．為迎接一年一度的重陽節，學校英文報舉辦以"關愛老人"為主題的征文比賽。請寫一篇英語短文參賽，包括以下要點:1）重陽節的意義;2）如何關愛老人;3）期望與呼吁。注意:1）寫作詞數應為80左右;2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Lovetheelderly47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandabikebasket.It'strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn'tturnedabikebasketintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday—Alessonaboutthevalueofefforts.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon'tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatotherkidsdid,we'dhearsomethinglike,"Idon'tcarewhatso-and-sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroomorabigparty."Wehadtoearnourallowance(零用錢)bydoingchores(家務)aroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwasonesummerday.Mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasinthewindow—white,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers.ThebasketwinkedatmeandIknew—Iknew—lhadtohaveit."It'sbeautiful,"mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,"Whataneatbasket."Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,butthenIcouldn'tstanditanylonger."Mom,pleasecanIgetit?I'lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay.I'lldoanything,butIlovethatbasket.Please,Mom,please?"Iwasdesperate."Youknow,"shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolestthingever,"Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.""BythetimeIearnenoughit'llbegone!Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,please?""Theremightbeanotherway,"shesaid.注意:1）續寫詞數應為150左右;2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。"I'llbuyitnowbutyouonlygetitafter3weeksofdoublechores,"Momexplained.Finally,Igotmydreambasket,butsoonIsadlyfoundthesamebasketonothers'bikes!答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．B3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了Smokejumpers（空降滅火消防員）的工作以及成為空降滅火消防員的條件。【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。1．考查細節理解。根據Whatdosmokejumpersdo?部分中的“Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.”在著火地點，空降滅火消防員首先查看地形，然后決定怎樣滅火。可知，空降滅火消防員在到達著火地點后，首先要做的是分析研究地形。故選B。2．考查細節理解。根據Whocanbeasmokejumper?部分中的“Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland”重要的因素是你的身高和體重。在美國被雇傭的空降滅火消防員必須在120—200磅，即：54—91公斤，以便于你不被強風刮走，或者著陸后受傷。可知，要成為空降滅火消防員，身高和體重必須達到一定的范圍。故選B。3．考查推理判斷。根據第一段中“Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.”阻止火災發生的是空降滅火消防員可知，本文在講空降滅火消防員的職業，因此要在職業種類的網站上去瀏覽。故選A。【答案】4．C5．A6．D7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，本文介紹了挪威的冰音樂節以及發展的歷史。【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTerjeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusicalinstrument.”這個很酷的想法始于1999年，當時音樂家TerjeIsungset在冰凍的瀑布中演奏音樂。他聽到的驚人聲音使他開始使用冰作為樂器。故選C。5．考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.”為了準備冷凍儀器，伊松塞特尋找最好的天然冰源。他通過切下一塊來測試每個冰源，用手指敲擊它，然后聽它發出的聲音。經驗告訴他，冰是否能成為好樂器。故選A。6．考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.”每年，音樂節的目標都是挑戰音樂家在演奏這些獨一無二的冰樂器時制作創意音樂。故選D。7．考查寫作意圖。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新的和原創的音樂類型——冰音樂，故選C。【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了多年爭論后灰狼被重新引進到黃石國家公園，這樣做保持了當地的生態平衡。也為生物學家以后在其他地方重新引進狼群提供了借鑒。【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．考查段落大意。根據第二段“GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock(牲畜).Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.”灰狼曾經在整個黃石地區漫游。但他們逐漸被人類發展所取代，被農民獵殺牲畜。到1920年代，狼實際上已經從黃石地區消失了。他們向北移動到加拿大的深處，那里與人類的接觸較少。可知第二段介紹了灰狼是如何被迫離開它們的家園黃石地區的。故選C。9．考查推理判斷。根據第三段“Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(小野狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.”狼的消失帶來了許多后果。鹿種群——狼的主要食物來源——在沒有通常的敵人的情況下迅速增長。這些動物消耗了大量的植被，從而降低了公園內的植物多樣性。在沒有狼的情況下，小野狼的數量也迅速增長。小野狼殺死了公園里大部分的赤狐。可知第三段解釋了造成結果的原因，故選B。10．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的“Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.”早在1966年，生物學家就要求政府考慮將狼重新引入黃石公園，希望它們能夠控制鹿和小野狼的問題。故選D。11．考查推理判斷，根據最后一段中的“TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”黃石狼項目一直是一項有價值的實驗，可幫助生物學家決定是否將狼也重新引入該國其他地區。可推知黃石的狼計劃使狼群和公園受益。故選D。【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明嬰兒似乎知道如何幫助有需要的人。【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。12．考查詞義猜測。根據第一段“Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.”據研究了近100名兒童利他主義跡象的研究人員稱，嬰兒似乎知道如何幫助有需要的人；以及“Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.”想看看孩子們是否會在沒有鼓勵的情況下將食物交給陌生人的研究人員發現，孩子們就是這樣做的——即使他們餓了。可推知altruism是“利他/無私）的行為”，故選A。13．考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefood.”相比之下，測試組的研究人員假裝將水果掉在盤子上，然后嘗試并沒有拿到。這向孩子發出了成年人想要食物的信號；以及第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在對照組中，只有4%的孩子將水果給了研究人員，而在測試組中，這一比例為58%，或超過一半。可推知他們能理解求助信號。故選B。14．考查推理判斷。根據第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在對照組中，只有4%的孩子將水果給了研究人員，而在測試組中，這一比例為58%，或超過一半；以及第五段“Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.”接下來，該團隊探索了孩子們在付出代價時是否仍然會慷慨。第一組實驗在午餐時間之前對另一組孩子重復，當時他們可能餓了。同樣，37%的測試組交出了他們的水果，而對照組則沒有。可知選A。15．考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的“Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife.”這些社會塑造分享態度的經歷似乎在生命的早期就產生了影響。故選D。【答案】16．B；17．E；18．F；19．D；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了久坐對健康的影響，建議人們走動起來。【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇健康類閱讀，要求在理解細節信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據空前“Areyousittingmorethanever?”你坐得比以往任何時候都多嗎？；以及空后“You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.”您可能正在坐著閱讀本文。有時您在開車或參加會議時會坐著。其他時候，你會坐著看電影或玩電腦游戲。這無疑是坐了很多。可知此處要介紹人們坐著的時刻，B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.“花點時間想想你的坐姿活動。”承上啟下，符合語境，故選B。17．根據空前“Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.”事實上，坐著的時間隨著時間的推移而增加。可知此處列舉人們坐的時間長短，E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.“截至今天，普通成年人每天將花費56-86%的時間坐著。”承接上文，符合語境，故選E。18．根據空前“Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.”我們知道久坐是不好的，我們大多數人在長時間看電視后自然會感到有點內疚；以及空后“Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.”一項針對近8,000名成年人的研究表明，久坐時間與我們因任何原因過早死亡的風險之間存在直接關系。可知此處說明久坐會出現什么問題，F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?“但是，當我們每天停車近八個小時時，到底出了什么問題？”承上啟下，符合語境，故選F。19．根據空前“‘Sitless,movemore’iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.”“少坐多動”是心臟協會鼓勵我們做的事情；以及空后“Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.”運動指南總是更實用。可知此處談及的是健康指南，D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.“但是這個指導方針過于簡單和抽象，無法有所作為。”承上啟下，符合語境，故選D。20．根據空前“Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.”我們需要類似的有關坐的指南，以及空后“Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace.”這可能就像是，每連續30分鐘坐著，站起來移動或快速行走5分鐘，可知此處指要進一步完善指南，G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.“為了彌補這個弱點，一個研究團隊正在制定更具體的指南。”符合語境，故選G。【答案】21．B；22．C；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．A；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己牙疼去看牙醫的經歷。牙醫為了減輕病人看病時的痛苦，在天花板上設計了一幅美術作品讓病人欣賞，由此作者感悟到：要設身處地為他人著想。【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：我的牙齒在痛，我和一個朋友吵了一架。A：discussion“討論”；B：argument“爭論，爭吵”；C：negotiation“談判，協商”；D：meeting“會議”。根據下文“Herwordsstillhurt,‘Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?’”她的話很傷人，“你從來沒有設身處地為我著想。難道你不能站在我的角度看事情嗎？”可知他們在爭吵，故選B。22．句意：句意：我固執地搖了搖頭，感到牙疼。A：warning“警告”；B：bitterness“痛苦”；C：pain“疼”；D：danger“危險”。根據上文“Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday”我的牙醫在度假時我的牙齒很痛，故選C23．句意：實在是難以忍受，A：impossible“不可能的”；B：irresistible“極具誘惑力的”；C：unreasonable“不合理的”；D：unbearable“難以忍受的”。根據下文“Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.”我開始給電話簿上的牙醫打電話，但沒有人能立即接待我。可知作者牙疼難以忍受，故選D。24．句意：最后，大約在午餐時間，我很幸運。A：Besides“而且”；B：Finally“最后”；C：Lately“最近”；D：Therefore“因此”。根據下文“thereceptionistsaid,‘thedentistwillfityouin.’"牙醫會給你安排時間的。可知最終有牙醫給作者看牙，故選B。25．句意：“如果你現在過來，”接待員說，“牙醫會給你安排時間的。”A：comeover“過來”；B：passon“相傳”；C：showoff“炫耀”；D：settledown“解決，安定下來”。根據空后“thedentistwillfityouin.”牙醫會給你安排時間的，可知選A。26．句意：但突然間，我開始懷疑牙醫。A：doubt“懷疑”；B：care“關心”；C：learn“學”；D：talk“談論”。根據下文“Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagerto7someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas8astheothers?”什么樣的牙醫會如此渴望在如此短的時間內給人治療？為什么他不像其他人那樣忙？可推知作者有所懷疑，故選A。27．句意：什么樣的牙醫會如此渴望在如此短的時間內給人治療？A：believe“相信”；B：contact“連接，聯系”；C：treat“治療，對待”；D：visit“參觀，拜訪”。作者來此是治療牙疼的，可知選C。28．句意：為什么他不像其他人那樣忙？A：proud“驕傲的”；B：busy“繁忙的”；C：skilled“熟練的”；D：careful“小心的”。根據上文，沒有牙科醫生有時間給作者看病，可推知這位醫生有時間，故選B。29．句意：當我在牙醫的辦公室里時，我只看到光禿禿的墻壁，我變得更加擔心。A：eager“熱情的”；B：confident“有信心的”；C：curious“好奇的”；D：worried“擔心的”。根據下文“WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.”當我告訴她我的恐懼時，她笑了，“別擔心，牙醫很好。”可知作者是擔心的，故選D。30．句意：助理注意到我的緊張，將溫暖的手放在我冰冷的手上。A：noticed“注意到”；B：examined“檢查”；C：ignored“忽視”；D：reduced“減少”。根據空后“andplacedherwarmhandovermy