Unit4SpaceExploration---DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLookingoutintospace,YoumightthinkThatthecosmosisaconstant,unchangingplace.Thatthestarswillalwaysbethere.Butinfact,thestarsareonlyatemporaryfeatureinthesky.遙望天際你可能會覺得宇宙是一成不變的宇宙中的恒星永不消逝但事實上，恒星只是天空中的"曇花一現"Lead-inPart01Lookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicisedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethedreamtoexplorespace.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.目的狀語目的狀語結果狀語定語定語Part02Presentation動詞不定式作定語,須用在被修飾詞(一般為名詞或代詞)之后。不定式和被修飾詞存在幾種邏輯關系Marywasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.女孩解決問題，因此thefirstgirl和toworkout是_______________Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她總是第一個來，最后一個走。Tomwastheonlyonetoknowthetruth.湯姆是唯一知道真相的人。主謂關系Johnsaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.參加會議，因此toattend和animportantmeeting_______________Haveyougotanythingtodothisevening?今晚你有事嗎?Ihaveane-mailtosend.我得發一封電子郵件。Itisadifficultproblemtosolve.這是一個很難解決的問題。動賓關系在動賓關系中，如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞，且不可省略。TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一所舒服的房子住。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒什么可擔心的。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.請給我一把刀子切東西。有時候，如果把不定式的主動形式改為被動形式,意思會發生很大變化。Thereisnothingtodo.無事可做。Thereisnothingtobedone.不能做什么了。Thereisnothingtosee.沒有值得看的東西。Thereisnothingtobeseen.什么東西也看不見。Iwillfindsomethingtoeat.我要找點兒吃的。Iwillfindsomethingtobeeaten.我要找點兒吃的。(暗示“無聊感”)(暗示“束手無策”)(自己吃)(自己或別人吃)InsertyourbusinessstartupplanHehopestobeofferedajobtodriveforaboss.todriveforaboss和ajob是_______________這種關系中，不定式是用來描述被修飾詞語的內容的，可以轉換為主語和表語的關系：Todriveforabossisajob.“為老板開車是一項工作”。Hehasgivenuptheplantobuyanewcar.他已放棄了買一輛新車的計劃。Hisdreamtogotocollegehascometrueatlast.他上大學的夢想終于實現了。同位關系InsertyourbusinessstartupplanThisisthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.tosolvetheproblem和thebestway是_________________所謂動狀關系,意思是不定式動作的實施借助thebestway這個方式。即:solvetheprobleminthisway。常見的可跟動詞不定式作定語的這類名詞有:time,place,way,reason,decision,chance,opportunity,attempt,effort,right,ability等。DrBethunehadnotimetothinkaboutrest.白求恩醫生沒時間考慮休息。動狀關系當名詞被序數詞或theonly,thenext,thelast,theright修飾，且該名詞是作定語的非謂語動詞的執行者時，用不定式主動形式作定語。1.Sheisthefirstgraduatetogetanofferinthebigcompany.2.Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.3.Heistherightpersontodothejob.序數詞theonly,thenext,thelast,theright作定語的非謂語動詞的執行者時thefirstgraduatetogettheonlyonetosurvivetherightpersontodo有些名詞常跟不定式作定語，如:wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagerness等。1.Inthepast,womenhadnochancetogotoschool.2.Hemadeanattempttobeadmittedtothebigcompany.3.Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood4.Imustkeepthepromisetopayontime.5.Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagernesschancetogotoschoolattempttobeadmittedtoabilitytomakepromisetopayeagernesstogetback作定語的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。1.Givemeapentowritewith.2.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.inwithtowritetoworrytolivetowriteonabout不及物動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞地點、工具不定式后面須有相應的介詞動詞不定式作狀語,表示謂語動詞發生的目的、結果原因、條件等,還可以作評論性狀語。不定式可以作目的狀語。有時為了突出和強調目的性，可以置于句首,或者用inorderto或soasto,但soasto一般不位于句首。OneofmyoldfriendscametoseemefromBeijingyesterday.我的一個老朋友昨天從北京來看我。Inordertoensuresuccess,wemustmakeacompleteandthoroughplan.為了保證成功,我們必須制訂一個周密的計劃。Thespeakerraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard.為了讓別人聽見,演講者提高了嗓門兒。不定式作狀語和作賓語的區別在不及物動詞之后的不定式作狀語，而在及物動詞后的不定式作賓語。試比較：Thevillagerscametoseethefootballmatch.Thevillagerswantedtoseethefootballmatch.(作目的狀語)(作賓語)動詞不定式作狀語,表示謂語動詞發生的目的、結果原因、條件等,還可以作評論性狀語。不定式可以作結果狀語。不定式作結果狀語,常用于too...to...,enough...to...,so...asto...,such...asto...結構中。如表示出人意料的結果不定式前常加上only。①too...to...太……而不能……I'mtootiredtogoanyfurther.我太累了，走不動了。②enough...to...足夠……能夠.....Isthatroombigenoughtoseatallofus?那個房間足夠大能容得下我們所有的人嗎?③so...asto...如此·.....以至于......Wehavegotsomuchfoodastotreatourguests.我們有如此多的食物，足以招待我們的客人。動詞不定式作狀語,表示謂語動詞發生的目的、結果原因、條件等,還可以作評論性狀語。不定式可以作結果狀語。不定式作結果狀語,常用于too...to...,enough...to...,so...asto...,such...asto...結構中。如表示出人意料的結果不定式前常加上only。④such...asto...如此……以至于......Hewassuchabravemanastodowhathedid.他是個如此勇敢的人，以至于做了此事。⑤表示出人意料的結果，不定式前常有onlyShehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.她匆忙趕到車站卻被告知火車已經走了。④謂語動詞的動作發生后產生的結果Theoldmanlivedtoseehisgreatgrandsongetmarried.這位老人活到看見他的曾孫結婚了。作原因狀語不定式作原因狀語,往往放在表示情緒變化的形容詞或動詞后面,作為產生某種情緒的原因。Iamdelightedtoseeyou

again.再次見到你我很高興。Thechildrenlaughedtohearsuchanamusingstory.孩子們聽到這樣有趣的故事都笑了。作條件狀語不定式有時放在句首用來表示條件，其產生的結果往往帶有虛擬或主觀推斷的性質，因此句中常用should,would,could等情態動詞。Tolookathim,youcouldhardlyhelplaughing.假如看他一眼,你就會禁不住大笑起來。作評論性狀語有些不定式是用來表明說話者的觀點或態度的,作為獨立成分修飾整個句子,我們稱之為評論性狀語。Totellthetruth,Idon'tagreewithyou.說實話,我不同意你的看法。關于不定式用在形容詞后的幾種情況(1)在“be+adj.todo”結構中不定式在形容詞之后作各種狀語。(2)在"be+adj.todo"結構中，系表結構和不定式構成“合成謂語”,不要拆分。這類結構具有“情態意義”，“合成謂語”可以表示“能力、義務、意愿、推測、傾向”等。它們在意義上相當于對應的情態動詞。Iamdelightedtoreceiveyoure-mail.收到你的電子郵件我很高興。Heistooexcitedtosayanything.他激動得說不出話來。Becarefultoavoidmakingthesamemistake.小心避免犯同樣的錯誤。Youwillbesorrytodoit.如果那樣做，你會后悔的。Youaresupposedtogetagoodmark.(=shouldget)你應該考個好成績。Sheissuretobeanewcomer.(=mustbe)她肯定是新來的。(目的狀語)(原因狀語)(結果狀語)(條件狀語)PART04ExercisesRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor"inorderto/soasto+do".Changetheitalicisedpartsaccordingly.1.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.2.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodlesundercontrol.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastostayhealthy.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoff.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol以單詞的適當形式填空1.___________(become)anastronaut,youmustgothroughastrictselectionprocedure.2.Thesatellite__________(launch)nextmonthismadeinChina.3.Inclosing,astronautsmusthaveadeterminedwillandastrongdesire__________(explore)theuniverse.4.Themonitorsignaledregularly__________(warn)peopleofanydanger.5.Duetolackofsufficienttraining,hewasforced__________(float)ontheriverinasmallboat.6.Scientistshavefiguredoutways__________(recycle)andreusetheseresources.TobecometolaunchtoexploretowarntofloattorecyclePART03LanguagePoints行業PPT模板http:///hangye/Vocabularyrecyclev.回收利用;再利用recyclingn.回收利用，再利用recyclableadj.可回收利用的;可再循環的recyclethepaper/glass回收紙/玻璃recyclewaste回收利用廢棄物arecyclingplan一項回收利用計劃arecyclingcentre/plant廢品回收中心/加工廠therecyclingofglass玻璃的回收利用練習：Infact,mostthingsmadeofpaper,metal,glassandplasticcan____________(recycle).berecycled行業PPT模板http:///hangye/Vocabularylackn.缺乏;短缺vt.沒有;缺乏a/thelackof...缺乏......notlackfor...不缺......Thereisnolackof...不乏......lackconfidence缺乏信心belackinginsth.缺少某物for/becauseof/throughlackof因為缺乏......練習：Theheadmastersaidthat____lackofmoneywasagreatchallenge.a行業PPT模板http:///hangye/Vocabularybeyondperp.在更遠處，超出beyondcontrol無法控制beyondthereachof鞭長莫及beyondrepair無法修理beyonddoubt/question無疑地;確實beyondbelief難以置信beyondrecognition難以辨認練習：Yourshoes