文體分類練(四)——說明文和爭論文Test1Peoplealwayssaythatteenagefriendshipsarethemostprecious.Kidsaretoo1tounderstandrealfriendshipwhileadultstendtorelateittofameandwealth.

Thingsare2withhighschoolbestfriends.Weshareeachother’s3.Wediscussnewsfromallwalksoflifeandbeginto4ourvalues.We5eachotheronthejourneytothebiggestchallengeinourlives.Wealsosharesuccessandfailure.The6offriendshipbecomedeeplyrooted.

Manyofusdon’trealisethisuntilweenter7.Oneofmyfriends,Cora,experiencedhow8thebondwithhighschoolfriendscouldbe.“Itwasmyhighschoolfriendwhohelpedmegetthroughthedarkestdaysinmylife,”Corasaid.

In2024,Cora9herjobinNewYork.Cora’sbestfriendwasstayinginacollegedormitoryandtookherin.Eachnightthetwogirlssqueezedintoa10singlebed,chattingandcrying.“I’llneverforgethercareandencouragement,whichsupportedmeoutofthe11,”saidCora.

Istillremembermy12daysinSenior3.Atthetime,I13a20messagewithmybestfriend,bothofushopingtokeepthefriendshipgoingforever.

Butwedidn’trealisewewere14deepineachother’sheart.Duringthepast10years,wheneverI’veneededhelporwantedtopouroutmy15,shehasalwaysbeenthereattheotherendofatelephoneline.

1.A.sillyB.youngC.slow D.naughty2.A.different B.familiarC.simple Dfortable3.A.success B.failureC.values D.secrets4.A.shape B.changeC.design D.discover5.A.praise B.blameC.inform D.support6.A.flowers B.fruitsC.leaves D.seeds7.A.university B.classroomC.society D.hotel8.A.strong B.freeC.clear D.weak9.A.got B.foundC.lost D.changed10.A.new B.narrowC.warm D.large11.A.circle B.marriageC.darkness D.loneliness12.A.lonely B.busyC.sad D.last13.A.sent BpletedC.wrote D.exchanged14.A.already B.evenC.instead D.still15.A.excitement B.breathC.unhappiness D.joyTest2(2024·全國乙卷改編)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout1someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably2athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodiesexposed.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas3asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour4researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology5thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Eachchildsatdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor6.Wethenaskedthechildifshecouldseeorheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame7happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:8childrensaidthattheycouldn’t9toher.

Anumberof10ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects11thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.Their12tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue13that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimplyinsistonmutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our14suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod15whenothersuseit.

1.A.following B.takingC.escaping D.directing2.A.clever B.badC.scared D.quick3.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted4.A.disappointing B.mixedC.surprising D.desired5.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested6.A.feet B.noseC.hands D.ears7.A.event B.thingC.action D.accident8.A.Yet B.NowC.Soon D.Once9.A.speak B.listenC.turn D.wave10.A.instructions B.descriptionsC.experiments D.assumptions11.Aprehended B.predictedC.explored D.ignored12.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity13.A.ability B.beliefC.identity D.purpose14.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findings15.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effectiveTest3(2024·湖北八市高三聯考題改編)Thebestandmostamazingthingaboutlifeisthatnomatterwhathappensorhowharditmaybe,stay1.

Allyouneedto2istodogood,evenifitmaybethesmallestthing,likegreetingsomeonewithasmile.Itcan3someone’sday,andyouwillhavemadethesmallest4biggestdifferencetotheirlife.

Ilearnedpatienceinthehard5.Ihavebeentryingtorushthroughlife,always6myselftomyfriendsandwonderingwhenmylifewouldchange.Iwastoobusytryingtospeedthingsup,butthingsjustweren’t7,soIfinallygaveup.However,whenIcontinuedtohelppeopleanddolittlethingstomakeadifference,life8meback.Therefore,keepyour9unchanged,nomatterhowunjustpeoplearetowardsyou.Ibelieveyouwillbesuccessful,10everythinghasitsownspecialtime,andyoursisdefinitelycoming.Youjustneedto11alittlelonger.

I12metsomeoneworthitall,sokindandsweet,alwaystryingtosurprisemeinthemost13ways.Now,everydayissomethingbiggerandbetter,andthat14isamazing.

Evenifyouhavebeendoingbadthingsuntilnow,youcanchangeitall.Believeme,italwaysgetsbetter.It’snoteasy,butitwill.Iknow,becauseIhavebeen15withitandIfinallyfeelbetter.

1.A.curious B.patientC.serious D.generous2.A.reflecton B.setaboutC.takeup D.focuson3.A.speedup B.lookupC.brightenup D.turnup4.A.but B.andC.or D.so5.A.way B.timeC.point D.problem6.A.adapting B.adjustingCparing D.applying7.A.speeding B.changingC.moving D.succeeding8.A.gives B.paysC.gets D.brings9.A.intentions B.mindsC.hearts D.efforts10.A.if B.whenC.until D.because11.A.work B.waitC.operate D.stay12.A.eventually B.occasionallyC.suddenly D.instantly13.A.normal B.unusualCmon D.unexpected14.A.thought B.viewC.feeling D.idea15.A.hunting B.strugglingC.searching D.exploring

參考答案文體分類練(四)——說明文和爭論文Test1【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過孩子與成人的比較說明友情在不同年齡段的認知特點。1.B解析此處指孩子年齡還太小,不懂得真正的友情。故選B項。2.A解析上文講了孩提時期還不懂得真正的友情,成年人則常把友情同名聲、財寶聯系在一起。依據其次段及下文所描述的狀況可知,中學時期最要好的摯友之間的友情則與上述兩種情形不一樣。故選A項。3.D解析此處指共享彼此的“隱私”。A、B、C三項在下文中都做了描述,故可解除,否則重復。4.A解析此處指探討各行各業的新聞并起先“形成”自己的價值觀。故選A項。5.D解析依據該空后的tothebiggestchallenge及本段中的“Wealsosharesuccessandfailure.”可知,在通向人生挑戰的旅途中,“我”們彼此支持。故選D項。6.D解析此處指在相互探討、彼此支持、共享成敗的過程中,友情的“種子”深深地扎根于“我”們之間。故選D項。7.C解析依據下文提到Cora的例子可知,她是在進入社會后才體會到中學時期友情的寶貴,而作者在下文中講解并描述自己的閱歷也是如此。因此,此處表示“我們中的很多人直到進入社會后才相識到這一點?！惫蔬xC項。8.A解析此處指Cora在進入社會后,體會到與中學的好摯友之間的關系是多么緊密。故選A項。9.C解析依據下文講的Cora和她的好摯友擠在一張單人床上及上文中的thedarkestdays可知,Cora失去了工作。故選C項。10.B解析依據該設空前的squeezedinto及設空后的singlebed可知,床應當很窄。故選B項。11.C解析依據上文中的thedarkestdays可知,Cora把失業的那一段時間稱為人生中最黑暗的日子,故此處指她的好摯友的關切和激勵幫助她走出了黑暗。故選C項。12.D解析兩人交換著信息,希望能許久保持相互之間的友情,由此情景可推斷出,應是在高三最終的日子里。故選D項。13.D解析作者和最好的摯友交換了長達二十頁的信息,希望友情能夠長存。故選D項。14.A解析依據本文講解并描述的重點“中學時期的友情是最寶貴的”可知,此處指當時她們還沒有意識到她們已經在彼此的內心深處了。15.C解析此處指在作者想傾吐內心的不快時也會給她最好的摯友打電話。故選C項。Test2【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。學齡前兒童在玩捉迷藏的嬉戲時,通常表現出“顧頭不顧尾”的滑稽樣子。之前這種行為被說明為是“自我中心”的表現,但最新的試驗結果表明,狀況并非如此。1.C解析依據常理可知,孩子們之所以寵愛玩“捉迷藏”的嬉戲,是因為當他們藏起來的時候,感覺自己能夠躲避(escaping)找尋者的目光,所以特別驚惶刺激。2.B解析依據下文的內容可知,學齡前兒童不擅長(bad)隱藏。3.D解析依據本句內容可知,長時間以來,兒童的這種無效躲藏的方式被說明(interpreted)為“兒童是自我中心型生物”的證據。4.C解析依據下文內容可知,試驗結果是特別令人驚異的(surprising)。5.C解析依據下文試驗的結論可知,這個結果與之前人們的想法是完全相反的(contradicted)。6.D解析依據下文出現的orheartheadult可知,此處指的是蒙上眼睛或捂住耳朵(ears)。7.B解析依據冒號后面的內容可知,當成年人捂上自己的嘴巴時,相同的事情(thing)出現了。8.B解析依據上下文語境可知,此刻(Now)孩子們的回答和反應與之前完全相像。9.A解析依據上文內容coveredherownmouth可知,因為大人捂著嘴巴,所以孩子們說他們不能與大人講話(speak)。10.C解析依據上文內容可知,這是進行的科學試驗,但是一次試驗確定不能得出結論,所以進行很多次試驗(experiments),解除了孩子們誤會問題的可能性。11.A解析依據上文出現的misunderstood可知,結果很清晰地表明,孩子們理解(comprehended)問題是什么。12.A解析依據上文內容以及下文的questions可知,此處指的是孩子們對問題的回答(responses)。13.B解析依據下文內容可知,孩子們真實的想法(belief)是:只有你能看到我,我才能看到你。14.D解析依據上文內容可知,科學試驗有了新的發覺或結果(findings),完全推翻了之前的結論。15.D解析依據上文內容及上文出現的ineffective一詞可知,事實上,當別人用這個方法時,孩子們就會認為這個方法是有效的(effective)。Test3【語篇導讀】本文是一篇爭論文。無論生活中發生什么事情,我們都應保持耐性、面帶微笑、堅持做好事,即使是很小的好事也會給他人帶來影響,同時我們自己也會收獲快樂與喜悅。1.B解析依據下文的Ilearnedpatience可知,生活中無論發生什么,無論有多艱難,都要有耐性。故選B項。2.D解析依據下文的“...evenifitmaybethesmallestthing,likegreetingsomeonewithasmile.”可知,你須要做的是專注于做好事。故選D項。3.C解析依據語境可知,設空處前面的It指上文中的greetingsomeonewithasmile,此處應表示“一個微笑就會照亮別人的一天”。故選C項。4.A解析此處smallest與biggest的意思和情感色調相反,應運用表示轉折意義的連詞but。故選A項。5.A解析依據下文的“Iwastoobusytryingt