TeenageLifeBacktoSchoolUnit1DiscoveringUsefulStructuresPart01WarmupLookatthefollowingsentencesandtellwhatcategoriestheunderlinedphrasesbelongto.1.Beingafreshmanatseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.2.Itisalittleconfusingtochooseasuitablecourse.Hehastothinkverycarefullyandasktheschooladviserforhelp.3.Astoextracurricularactivities,hedidn'tplayfootballwellenough,buthewon'tquitandhewillfindawaytoimprovesothathecanmaketheteam.4.Hehastostudymuchharderandberesponsibleforalotmore.Heisabitworriedaboutkeepingupwiththeotherstudentsinhisadvancedcourse.短語或詞組(Phrases)是具有一定意義，但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。形容詞短語名詞短語副詞短語形容詞短語名詞短語副詞短語名詞短語副詞短語形容詞短語名詞短語名詞短語名詞短語（NounPhrase）形容詞短語（AdjectivePhrase）副詞短語（AdverbPhrase）Part02Phrase(NounPhrase簡稱NP)定義：名詞短語是以名詞為中心，與其他名詞并列或與修飾語一起構(gòu)成的名詞性短語。在句中可以作主語、賓語表語或賓補等。位置關(guān)系：一是放在被修飾的名詞前面，叫做前置定語二是放在被修飾的名詞后面，叫做后置定語。名詞短語名詞短語的構(gòu)成1.成雙成對的名詞短語achesandpains痛苦heartandsoul心靈dayandnight晝夜bowandarrow弓和箭breadandbutter面包和黃油friendandfoe朋友和敵人funandpleasure娛樂husbandandwife夫妻heavenandearth天地horseandcart馬車houseandhome家居ladiesandgentlemen女士與先生knifeandpork刀叉seaandland海陸manandwoman男女officersandsoldiers官兵oddsandends零碎;小玩意profitandloss盈虧prosandcons正反兩面rulesandregulations規(guī)章制度sportsandgames運動與游戲stuffandnonsense胡說八道thunderandlightning雷電timeandtide歲月viceandvirtue罪惡與美德名詞短語的構(gòu)成2.n.+n.theschoolfootballteam校足球隊childreneducation兒童教育thebusstop公共汽車站3.所有格+n.John’scar約翰的汽車老agirls’school一所女子學(xué)校fiveminutes’walk步行5分鐘的路程astone’sthrow一箭之遙4.量概念名詞+of+n.apieceofnews一條消息twocupsofcoffee兩杯咖啡threekindsofcars三種汽車5.n.+and+n.thedeskandthechair桌子和椅子teachersandstudents老師和學(xué)生名詞短語的構(gòu)成6.adj.+n./n.+adj.extra-curricularactivities課外活動homelesspeople無家可歸的人們abasketfullofvegetables一只裝滿蔬菜的籃子peoplepresentatthemeeting出席會議者7.n.+todomuchworktodo許多要做的工作themeetingtobeheldtomorrow明天要召開的會議8.v.-ing+n./n.+v.-ingthesittingroom起居室thesleepingboy正在睡覺的男孩theswimmingpool游泳池studentsreadingintheclassroom在教室里讀書的學(xué)生們名詞短語的構(gòu)成9.-ed+n./n.+以-edfallenleaves落葉pollutedwater被污染了的水photostakenbyMike邁克拍的照片thedecisionmade做出的決定10.n+介詞短語asolutiontothequestion該問題的解決辦法themainpurposeofthecourse該課程的主要目的safetyforallthestudents所有學(xué)生的安全newsabouttheaccident關(guān)于事故的消息11.限定詞+n.anEnglishbook一本英語書allthehomework所有的家庭作業(yè)myschedule我的時間表thosegoodmethods那此好辦法名詞短語可以在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或賓補等。ThehandsomeyoungmanisJim'sbrother.那個英俊的年輕人是吉姆的弟弟。(作主語)Ilearnthatyou'recomingtovisitoneofyourChinesefriends.我知道你要來拜訪你的一個中國朋友。(作賓語)Tomisourgroupleader.湯姆是我們的組長。AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍,聰明的孩子也變傻。(諺語)(作賓補)(作表語)(AdjectivePhrase簡稱AdjP)定義：形容詞短語是以形容詞為中心，與其他形容詞并列或與修飾語一起構(gòu)成的形容詞性短語。在句中可以作定語、表語、賓補和狀語等。1.成雙成對的形容詞短語:ancientandmodern古今,blackandwhite黑白相間的,fairandsquare公正,farandnear到處,四面八方,freeandeasy輕松自在,goodorill好歹(善惡),greatandsmall大小，heavyandlight輕重,longandshort長短,maleandfemale男的和女的sweetandsour酸甜的,pastandpresent過去與現(xiàn)在的,trueorfalse對或錯,形容詞短語的構(gòu)成largeandbeautiful大而美的smallbutpractical小但實用的2.adj.+and/but/or+adj.3.程度副詞+adj.veryhandsome非常帥的quitelong相當(dāng)長的sogood如此好的muchsurprised很驚訝的alittleshy有點兒害羞的extremelycold極其寒冷的reallyhard確實困難的4.adi.+介詞短語fullofwater盛滿了水similartothisword與這個單詞相似differentfrommyidea與我的看法不同goodatmaths擅長數(shù)學(xué)5.adj.+不定式anxioustoknowtheanswer急于知道答案delightedtodothis高興做此事形容詞短語在句中可以作定語、表語、賓補和狀語等。LiMingisahighschoolstudentalwaysreadytohelpothers.李明是個高中生,總是樂于助人。(作定語)Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.中國自然資源豐富。(作表語)Afterthewar,thesoldiersreturnedhome,safeandsound.戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，那些士兵安然無恙地回到了家Wefoundthemtiredandsleepy.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們又累又困。(作狀語)(作表語)(表示原因時間、伴隨方式或結(jié)果等，表伴隨或方式時常置于句末)(AdverbPhrase，簡稱AdvP)定義：副詞短語是以副詞為中心,與其他副詞并列或與修飾語一起構(gòu)成的副詞性短語。副詞短語可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等;在句中主要作狀語,表示程度、方式、時間、頻度、地點等意義。還可作表語、定語、賓補等。副詞短語的構(gòu)成1.成雙成對的副詞短語:farandaway遠為，大大地,firstandforemost首先,firstandlast從各方面看;完全地,forwardandbackward前后,inandout時常出入,wholeandall全體,moreorless或多或少,Outandaway出走,soonerandlater早晚,thenandthere當(dāng)時當(dāng)?shù)兀瑃oandfrom來回地backandforth反復(fù)來,offandon不時地，有時,upanddown上下波動,起伏,highandlow到處副詞短語的構(gòu)成4.adv.+介詞短語deepintothenight直到深夜aheadoftime提前farawayfromthecity遠離城市5.其他固定的副詞短語justnow剛才;rightthen就在那時;rightaway立刻;rightnow現(xiàn)在,馬上;everbefore以前,以往;eversince從那時起;firstofall首先;lastbutnotleast最后但同樣重要的;moreimportantly更重要的是幾乎所有的程度副詞都可以用來修飾副詞,構(gòu)成“副詞短語”very很，非常;quite非常;rather相當(dāng);so如此;too太;absolutely完全地;definitely肯定地;almost幾乎;nearly幾乎;enough充足地;entirely完全地;completely徹底地;totally完全地;fully完全地;extremely極其;fairly相當(dāng);greatly很;little少許,一點;much很;pretty非常;really很,等等。enough修飾副詞要后置。如:luckilyenough足夠幸運地，carefullyenough足夠仔細地。另外，部分“頻度副詞”和“時間副詞”也可以用來修飾副詞,構(gòu)成“副詞短語”。如:alwayshappily總是快樂地，seldomlate很少遲到,stillnervously仍然緊張地。Part03Practice1.Johngraduatedfromjuniorhighschool,andnowheisaseniorhighschoolstudent.2.Mypartnerisaniceguyandwetakepartinallkindsofextra-curricularactivitiestogether.3.Heprefersdoingexperimentsverymuchtolisteningtolectures.4.Thecompanyorganisedaformaldebatetodiscussthenextyear'sgoalsandstrategies.FindandmarkNP,AdjPandAdvPinthesentences.名詞短語，作表語副詞短語，作狀語名詞短語，作賓語名詞短語，作賓語5.Althoughyouhaveappliedforregistration,youarenotthemansuitableforthedesigningjob.6.Thesevolunteersareteenagersfromjuniorhighschoolandseniorhighschool.7.Obviously,thefreshmenarecuriousabouteverythingoncampus.8.Wefeelveryconfidentinthefaceofadventuresandchallenges.形容詞短語，作定語FindandmarkNP,AdjPandAdvPinthesentences.名詞短語，作表語形容詞短語，作表語形容詞短語，作表語9.Beforeyousignupforadvancedclasses,youshouldfirstofallregisteryourinformation.10.ThisconfusingquestionmademesoconfusedthatIcouldn'tconcentrateonmystudy.11.Atlast,expertsrecommendedusasimplelifestyle.12.Thereisagenerationgapbetweenteenagersandadults,sotheyshouldoftenexchangeandrevisetheirviews.13.Actually,hehasanoutgoingpersonalityandisanxioustomakeagoodimpressiononothers.形容詞短語,作表語副詞短語，作狀語形容詞短語，作賓補名詞短語，作直接賓語名詞短語,作主語14.Ioftenseesometeenagerscleanupthegreenhouse.It'sgoodbehaviour.15.Thetopicortitleofhisarticleis“ThedifferencebetweenEasternandWesternliterature”.16.I'mlookingforwardtospeakingEnglishquitefluentlyassoonaspossible.17.Theyouthisattractedtoclassicalliterature,evenaddictedtoit,sohefocusesonthestudyofclassicalliterature.18.Thechiefeditorofthenewspaperisresponsibleforeditingthewholenewspaper.名詞短語，作表語副詞短語，作狀語名詞短語，作主語名詞短語，作賓語形容詞短語，作表語19.Accordingtotheschedule,heisgoingtoquithispositionasmanageroftheteam.20.Thechiefeditorsaiditwaseveryone'sresponsibilitytofindasolution.21.Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnolog