Unit4NaturalDisasters

[qI知識導(dǎo)航]

1.學(xué)習(xí)與自然災(zāi)害相關(guān)的詞匯，掌握發(fā)音和拼寫；

2.了解并掌握定語從句不同關(guān)系詞的用法；

3.掌握寫概要的關(guān)鍵點，并能夠完成相應(yīng)題材的寫作題目。

知識精講'

Readingandthinking

QI:Whathappenedaftertheearthquake?Whatsortofhelpdidthegovernment

provide?

A:Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewho

weretrappedandtoburythedead.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

Q2:Whatkindofdisasterscanyouthinkof?Doyouknowanydisastersafety

measures?

A:Earthquake;tornado;wildfire.Ifyouheartornadowarning,getunderasturdytableifyou

can.Ifyou'reinbed,pullpillowsorabedspread-anything-overthetopofyou.Don'tgetonan

elevator.Youcouldbetrappedifthepowergoesout.Soyou'dbettertakethestairs.

B:Drought;landslide;tsunami;flood.Don'tdriveorwalkthroughrisingwater.Infact,a

highpercentageofflooddeathshappeninvehicles.Instead,turnaroundanddrivetohigher

ground,orleavethecarandruntohighergroundiftheroadisblocked.

C:Severethunderstorm,hurricane,volcanoeruption.Ifyouareoutdoorsandhearthunder,

squatdowntobeatthelowestpoint,andbalanceontheballsofyourfeettohaveaslittle

connectingyoutothegroundaspossible.

凹課文原句

Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trappedandtoburythedead.

{$)?核心考點

（1）thedead:“死者；逝者”

the+形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的名詞（表示“一類人”或“一類物”）

如：theyoung年輕人;therich富人；thesick病人

能拓展

①deadlyadj.極端的；致命的

Adeadlydiseaseaffecteddolphinsseveralyearsago.

幾年前一種致命疾病威脅海豚的生命。

adv.極其；非常

Broadcastnewswasaccurateandreliablebutdeadlyboring.

新聞廣播準(zhǔn)確可靠但卻非常枯燥。

②dyingadj.垂死的；臨終的

It'llstayinmymindtillmydyingday.

它將長存我心，直到生命的終點。

|幺|句析

定語從句中，先行詞為those（那些人），后面關(guān)系詞只能用who。

注意：關(guān)系詞只能用who的情況：

①先行詞是anyone,those,all,one,ones等指人時：

Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.

Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillmakeprogress.

②在therebe...句型中，先行詞為人時：

Thereisaboyoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.

叵］難點

小小「限制性定語從句?

種類

1非限制性定語從句?

結(jié)構(gòu)-先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句的其它部分?

定語從句主語:who/that?

____,賓語：(who/whom/that)?

先行詞指''人〃、

定語：whose=the+n.+ofwhom?

、、表語：that?

關(guān)系司的選主語：which/that/as?

賓語：(which/that/as)?

先行詞指''物"''事"定語：whose=th什n.+ofwhich?

表語：that/as?

狀語：when/where/why/how=介詞+which

目|典例精析

Correctthesentences.

1.Tmusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.

2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?

3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.

4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe'llneverforget.

5.1stillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.

6.Tmgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.

7.Thosethathaven'tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.

8.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.

答案：

1.將it去掉。

解析：該句子先行詞為pen,在定語從句中充當(dāng)bought的賓語，故it多余。

2.在factory后力口上theone。

解析：這是個疑問句，首先轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句：Thatfactoryiswhichyourfatheronceworked

ino很顯然，該句缺乏先行詞，我們添加代詞theone。其次theone在從句中充當(dāng)in的賓語，

所以關(guān)系詞用which沒問題。

3.在spoke后力口上to。

解析：因為speak是不及物動詞，正確表達為：speaktosb.

4.將when改為which/that/省略。

解析：該句子中的先行詞為day,雖然表示時間，但day作為從句forget的賓語，而不是

狀語,故關(guān)系詞為which/that/省略。

5.在holidays后面加上when。

解析：該句子可以判斷先行詞為holidays,在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，不能省略，所以加上

wheno

6.將where改成which/that。

解析：先行詞為hospital,在從句中充當(dāng)主語，故填which/that。句意為“我將前往需要

我的那家醫(yī)院工作”。

7.將that改為who。

解析：先行詞為those,在句子中充當(dāng)主語，只能填寫who。

8.將which改為it或是將and去掉。

解析：該句子主要考查主從復(fù)合句和并列句的區(qū)別。但是兩者不可混淆在一起。and引

導(dǎo)并列句，故后面句子不能有which,改成it即可。要么將其看作定語從句，貝Ijand去掉。

Readingforwriting

QI:WhatwasChandraTheeravitdoingwhenthetsunamihappened?

A:Shewashavingbreakfastwithherthreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingherhome.

Theyhadtoleaveeverythingandrantosafety.

Q2:Thisisanewsreport,whichhassomefeatures.Canyoulistsomeof

them?

A:Thefirstparagraphwillcoverthebasicinformationofthenews,includingtheplace,time,

people,whathappenedetc.

B:Newsreportusuallyemploysthestatisticstodescribethesituation.Forinstance,...killing

morethan6,500people;...reachedamagnitudeof9.0;...atleast1870peoplewerekilled.These

numberscouldconveyhowdangeroustheconditionis.Peopleareverypoorandhelplessatthat

time.

C:Thetitleofthenewsreportusuallytellsusthemaincontentofthepassages,andifs

usuallyreleasedsoonafterthedisaster.

凹課文原句

Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.Wehadto

leaveeverythingandruntosafety

{$)-核心考點

Somebodywasdoingsomethingwhen...解釋為“某人正在做某事的時候突然...”

及拓展

Somebodywasabouttodosomethingwhen...某人正要做某事的時候突然...

Iwasabouttoleavehomewhenthetelephonerang.我正要離開家時突然電話鈴聲響了。

叵］難點

Howtowriteasummary?

1.Beclear,briefandobjective.

2.Includeallthemainpointsfollowingthesameorderoftheoriginalinformation,without

specificfactslikenumbersorstatistics.

3.Havethetopicsentencewithtitle,authororspeaker.

4.Paraphrase.

Inthearticle,(author'slastname)(year)argues(claims/reports/contends/maintains

/states)that(mainidea/argument;S+V+C).

Example:Inhisarticle,Serwer(1997)describeshowMichaelDellfoundedDellComputers

andclaimsthatDell'slow-cost,direct-salesstrategyandhighqualitystandardsaccountedfor

Deirsenormoussuccess.

目|典例精析

Writeasummaryofthefollowingnews.

HowChina'sinfluencermarketcouldbeamodelelsewhere.

ByChrisStokel-Walker

23rdJuly2019

Untillastyear,Zhang"BB"Xiwasjustanother20-somethingwithadreamofmakingitbig.

The23-year-oldfromChongqinghadaround300,000fansacrossallhersocialmediaplatforms

whowatchedhervlogs.Itwasalargenumber,givenheryouth.

Survivalofthefittest

Fromthe800amateursRuhnnidentifieseverymonth,betweenfiveand10areoffereda

contract.ThisgivesRuhnnexclusiveportraitrightsandtherighttooperatetheinfluencer'ssocial

mediaaccountsande-commercestores.InfluencersworkcloselywithRuhnntodecidewhich

productstomarket.

Themodelisn'tuniquetoChina:grewquicklyinothercountriesintheearly2010sas

YouTubebecameamajormediaplatformandsomeofitsearlystarscelebrities.Butitfailed

becausemanyearlyadopterstookafeeformanagingtheirtalentwhileprovidingverylittlein

return.

ThefirstinfluencerthatRuhnninvestedinwasDayiZhang,whoZhoucalls"thequeenof

e-commerce.^^She'ssold$145mworthofproductsonline(Credit:RuhnnHolding)

China5sinfluencerindustryhasacceleratedfarmorequicklyandprovidesmorelucrative

careersforitscreators-DavidCraig.DavidCraig,aco-authorofSocialMediaEntertainment,

saysthatwhiletheindustrymayarguablybenewerthanitsWestern-basedcounterpart,China9s

industry“hasacceleratedfarmorequicklyandprovidesmorelucrativecareersforitscreators^^.

ThesameisthecaseinChina."It'salmostlikeyoucan'tbeanindependentinfluencer

anymore,9,saysHallanan.""Socialnetworksreallyareencouragingtheseinfluencerstoworkwith

theMCNs."Workingwithlargecompaniesreassuresadvertisersandsocialnetworksthat

influencershavebeenvettedandwillactresponsibly-whilealsoensuringtheyaredependablein

theirposts.

Thesystemdoesmeanthatindependentinfluencerscangetleftbehind,andthatthosewho

arerepresentedmusthandoverafaircutoftheirincome-thoughRuhnnwouldn'tdisclosehow

much.Buttheprosmayoutweighthecons."You'repartofacommunityofinfluencersandyou

cantypicallycreatealotmoreprofessionalcontentbecauseyou'reprovidedwithresources,says

Hallanan.

參考答案：

Inthearticle,Walker(2019)claimsthatChina5sinfluencermarketcouldbeamodel

elsewhereanditdevelopedsoquicklyandsuccessfullybecausetheycloselyworkedwithRuhnn

todecidewhichproductstomarket.

◎I同步練習(xí)

（答題時間：40分鐘）

一、完形填空

Thewholeschoolwastalkingaboutthecomingtripatawintercamp.And

everyonewas1,exceptme.

uTilhateit,Itoldmyparents.aTilgethomesick（想家的）.I'lllookstupid

atwintersports,andeveryonewill2me.”

“Youmightbesurprised,Bree,“saidMom,"Theonlywaytofindoutisto

3

“It'swhatgrowingupisallabout,“Dadadded.When4thecamp,

wewereaskedtoshareone5.

“I'mafraidI'llbehomesick,“someonesaid

Iwasn'ttheonlyone!Ibeganto6.Afterlunch,wewereaskedtoski

（滑雪）downtothefield.Iskied7,butIstillhitapieceoficeand

8.

“Ha!Ha!”Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing.I9toseewho

wasmakingfunofme.Tomy10Isawagirlinthesameawkward（尷尬的）

positionIwasin."IthoughtI'dbebadatthis.11TmworsethanIexpected!”

shesaid

12,Istartedlaughingtoo.Afterbeingso13offalling,itwasacomfort

nottofearitanymore.

Atdinnertime,Iwassohappytobetalkingaboutinterestingthingsthat114

tofeelhomesick.

Thenextday,Iwas15totryskijumpingfirst,eventhoughIdidnrtwant

to.Butwhenmyfeetlefttheground,IfeltIwas16anditwaswonderful

MaybeDadwasrightwhenhesaid“Youmight"itifyougiveita

chance!”

Maybethekindof18MomandDadweretalkingabouthadmoretodo

withmyoutlook（態(tài)度）thanmylooks.Weall19fittinginandfailingwhen

wetry20things.Sometimesyou'regottofallonyourfacetodiscoverhow

muchyou'vegotincommon.

1.A.strangeB.sadC.nervousD.excited

2.A.speaktoB.waitforC.laughatD.talkabout

3.A.tryB.dreamC.changeD.move

4.A.searchingforB.returningtoC.makingupD.arrivingat

5.A.storyB.fearC.purposeD.fact

6.A.eatB.askC.relaxD.sleep

7.A.carefullyB.interestinglyC.finallyD.quickly

8.A.wentoutB.gaveupC.ranawayD.felldown

9.A.walkedaroundB.stoodupC.lookedbackD.steppedover

10.A.shameB.surpriseC.pleasureD.regret

11.A.butB.soC.becauseD.or

12.A.QuietlyB.HopefullyC.UnhappilyD.Suddenly

13.A.tiredB.proudC.certainD.afraid

14.A.failedB.refusedCforgotD.stopped

15.A.preparedB.chosenC.protectedD.allowed

16.A.flyingB.cryingC.learningD.dying

17.A.preventB.trustC.discoverD.enjoy

18.A.winningbackB.showingoffC.growingupD.working

out

19.A.catchupB.worryaboutC.believeinD.pointout

20.A.newB.easyC.rightD.popular

二、語法填空

IclimbedKilimanjarowithLavaExpeditionsduringtherainyseason.

I1(fly)toNairobiinKenyaandspentseveraldaysthere.Atmy

hotelinNairobiImettherestofthegroupwithwhomIwouldspendthenext

week.Wealltravelledonthebustogetherfor28-hourjourneyinto

TanzaniaandthenArusha,aquiettown.

AfterwearrivedatourhotelinArusha,wehaddinnerandafewdrinks.

Thenwe3(introduce)tomoremembersincludingTaddeusMinja,the

mainguide,4wasveryexperienced-climbingKilimanjarorunsthrough

thegenerationsof5(he)family.

ThenextdaytheLavaExpeditionsmemberscheckedifwehadthecorrect

andenoughclothingforourexpeditiononKilimanjaro.Onlyonepersonneeded

tobring6(many)clothes.

Afterthatwesetoff,7(walk)intherainthroughthebeautyofthe

rainforest,allthewaytothefirstcamp.Iwashappythenextfewdaysastheview

wassowonderfulandchangedeveryday.IsufferedalittleduringthetripandI

feltsotired.ButthemembersofLavaExpeditionsprovidedmewithlotsof

encouragement,whichwasoneofthebest8(memory).Finallywe

reachedthetopofKilimanjaroinbrightblueskies.

IfeltexcitedaboutclimbingKilimanjaroandthefeelingdidn'tchangeduring

mytrip.ThefellowmembersofLavaExpeditionslooked9mesowell

thatIwas10(deep)thankfulfortheirhelp.

三、應(yīng)用文寫作

假設(shè)你是校學(xué)生會主席李華，學(xué)校將舉辦一次主題為“Howtostaysafe

duringanearthquake,,的講座。請你根據(jù)以下提示用英語寫一份書面通知。

1.背景：去年此時該地發(fā)生地震，給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裨斐闪艘欢ǖ膿p失：部分房屋

倒塌，人員被困；部分道路受阻，供水供電中斷；死傷人數(shù)超過50。

2.講座地點：校體育館

講座時間：周六下午2：00—4：00

主講人：李輝老師

要求：全體學(xué)生按時到場，認(rèn)真聽講。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：損失bss；體育館gym；講座lecture。

Notice

Alectureonhowtostaysafeduringanearthquakeisaroundthecomer.

TheStudents'Union

參考答案

【文章大意】在成長過程中我們或許會害怕嘗試新事物，或許會害怕失敗，然而,

這些都是成長的必經(jīng)階段。在此過程中，我們需要以積極向上的態(tài)度來面對這一

切。

1.D根據(jù)該空后的exceptme和111hateit可知，作者不想去冬令營，然而其

他人都很"興奮（excited）”。故選D。

2.C根據(jù)前半句Fillookstupidatwintersports可知，由于不擅長冬季運動

項目，作者害怕別人會"笑話（bughat）”她。故選C。

3.A作者的媽媽鼓勵作者自己去"嘗試（try）”。故選A。

4.D根據(jù)文章首句中的thecomingtripatawintercamp可知，此處指“到達

（arrivingat）v營地。故選D。

5.B根據(jù)下一句中的Ymafraid111behomesick可知，大家分享一件"害怕的

事（fear）”。故選B。

6.C作者一開始擔(dān)心自己會想家，擔(dān)心會被別人笑話，因此聽到別人說想家

時，她開始“放心（relax）”了。故選C。

7.A根據(jù)上文中的I'Hlookstupidatwintersports可知，由于作者不擅長冬

季體育運動，因此她“小心翼翼地（carefully）”滑雪。故選A。

8.D根據(jù)該空前的Istillhitapieceofice可知，作者撞到一塊冰上，"摔倒了

（felldown）"。故選D□

9.C根據(jù)上一句Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing可知，有人在作者身

后發(fā)出笑聲，因此作者“朝身后看去（lookedback）”，想知道究竟是誰在笑。故

選Co

10.B根據(jù)該空后的IsawagirlinthesameawkwardpositionIwasin可知，

作者原本以為有人在笑她，然而令她“詫異（surprise）”的是，有一個女孩也摔

倒了。故選B。

11.AIthoughtTdbebadatthis與I'mworsethanIexpected之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)

系，故選A。

12.D女孩所說的話讓作者也“突然（Suddenly）”笑了起來。故選D。

13.D根據(jù)上文的描述可知，作者一直"害怕（afraid）”摔倒。故選D。

14.C根據(jù)該空前的happytobetalkingaboutinterestingthings可知，作者

在晚飯時和別人聊得很開心，以至于“忘了（forgot）”想家。故選Co

15.B根據(jù)后半句eventhough1didn,twantto可知，作者在第二天被"選中

（chosen）”第一個嘗試跳臺滑雪。故選B。

16.A根據(jù)該空前的myfeetlefttheground和該空后的itwaswonderful可

知，作者感覺自己在"飛翔(Hying)”。故選A。

17.D作者在此體會到跳臺滑雪給她帶來的樂趣，因此，她認(rèn)同爸爸說的“你

嘗試后或許會"喜歡(enjoy)”上它的“。故選D。

18.C根據(jù)上文中的''支swhatgrowingupisallabout,“Dadadded可矢口，

作