UNIT1CULTURALHERITAGEⅠ.閱讀理解ATheMogaoGrottoeswereacenterofBuddhistlifeandsomeoftheworld’sgreatculturesforhundredsofyears.However,bythelateQingDynastytheyhadbeenabandonedandnearlyforgottenandmanyofthecaveshadbecomedamagedbytheelements.Around1900,withthediscoveryofalibraryofthousandsofancientdocuments,thecavesreceivednewinterestfromChineseandforeignresearchers.Unfortunately,thisresultedintensofthousandsofitemsfromthecavesbeingtakentoforeignmuseums.Inthe1940s,manyresearchersandartistsvisitedtheareatostudytraditionalChineseart.CopiesofsomeoftheartworkpaintedbyrespectedartistssuchasZhangDaqianandGuanShanyuehelpedpeoplealloverthecountrylearnaboutDunhuang.Theseartistswerealsoinspiredbytheartworktheysawinthecavesanditbegantoinfluencetheirpaintingstyles.Othersstavedinthedesertformuchlonger.ChangShuhongstayedfortherestofhislife—strugglingtorecordtheculturaltreasuresandprotectthemfromtheweather.AsaresultoftheireffortstheDunhuangAcademywasformedtoprotectandstudytheMogaoGrottoes.In1987,theMogaoGrottoeswerenamedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Whilethecavesareopentothepublic,accessisnowlimitedinordertoprotecttheartwork.However,thecavescanbeseenonlineindigitalformsothatpeoplearoundtheworldcanstudyandenjoythem.Despiteitsremoteness,theMogaoGrottoescontinuetodrawvisitors.Andjustasthesandanddeserthavesurvivedlargelyunchangedthroughthecenturies,thissmallartgalleryinthedeserthasalsosurvivedlargelyunchangedprovidinganamazinglookataworldlongagopast.1.WhendidtheMogaoGrottoesregaintheworld’sattention?A.Hundredsofyearsago.B.InthelateQingDynasty.C.Inthelateeightiesofthe20thcentury.D.Aroundthebeginningofthe20thcentury.2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtheartistsinthe1940s?A.Tolearnabouttheirworks.B.Toshowhowhardtheyworked.C.Tocomparetheirdifferentstyles.D.Toappreciatetheircontributions.3.Whenpeoplehavenoaccesstovisitingthecaves,.

A.theycandoresearchesonlineB.theycanenjoythedigitalversionsC.theycanwatchcopiesinartgalleriesD.theycanstudytheminforeignmuseums4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheMogaoGrottoes—CenterofBuddhistLifeB.TheMogaoGrottoes—ArtGalleryintheDesertC.RespectedArtists—ProtectorsoftheMogaoGrottoesD.AnAmazingTouristAttraction—TheMogaoGrottoesBTheRomanColosseum(羅馬圓形大劇場(chǎng)),builtaroundtwothousandyearsago,surviveda14thcenturyearthquakeandmostofthe150-somefoothighbuildingisstillstanding.IthasseentheriseandfallofenormousstructuresaswellastheRomanEmpire.Whycouldtheancientstructurestandthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconstructionsfallapartafterafewdecades?ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.PreviousdiscoverieshaveconfirmedthecomponentsoftheRomanconcrete:volcanicmaterial,limestone(石灰石)andwater.Architectssupposethevolcanicmaterialiswhatmakesthebuildingstrong.Butthisisnotenoughtoexplainthearchitecture’sdurability.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.Worthmentioningisthatresearchershadtakenthemasimpurities(雜質(zhì))duetothelimitationofancienttechnology.ButitturnedoutthatancientRomansseemedtohavediscoveredthesecret.WhentheRomansmadethemixture,theyheatedupthelimestonetoturnitintoquicklime,averyreactivechemical.Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.Meanwhile,itwould“wear”ahard“shell”,forminglimestonepieces.Itwasthesepiecesthatstoppedthecracks(裂縫)frombecomingbigger.Whentherewasrain,thepiecesreactedwithwateragain,quicklyfillingthecracks.FormaterialscientistAinissaRamirez,thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery.“Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbegreener,”saysRamirez,“TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”5.WhycouldRomanColosseumstillexistaccordingtothetext?A.Itwasrebuiltconstantly.B.Itmetfewnaturaldisasters.C.Itcontainedaspecialmaterial.D.Itsshapeincreasedthestability.6.Whatisthefunctionofthelimestonepieces?A.Topurifytheconcrete.B.Toreactwithvolcanicmaterial.C.Tomakethestructurewater-proof.D.Toenablethebuildingtorepairitself.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Therainwater.B.Thefoundation.C.Thequicklime.D.Thelimestone.8.WhatcanbeinferredfromAinissaRamirez’swords?A.Architectscangetinspirationfromancientstructures.B.TheRomans’buildingmethodremainsasecrettillnow.C.Romans’wisdomthrowslightoneco-friendlyarchitecture.D.Scientistsareexploringhowtoguardtheancientcivilization.Ⅱ.七選五NewanimalsInnorthernVietnam,inthickforestsintheNorthAnnamiteMountains,thereisawildlifeparkcalledVuQuang.In1986,theareawasmadeanofficialforestreserve.In2002,550squarekilometersoftheareaweredeclaredaNationalPark.1.Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.

2.Inthelasttwentyyears,severalnewspeciesofanimalsthathaveneverbeenseenanywhereintheworldbeforehavebeendiscoveredthere.Someofthemaresonewthatscientistshaven’tgiventhemofficialnamesyet!

ThenewanimalsdiscoveredattheparkincludetheVuQuangoxorSaola,a“slow”deer,agiantmuntjac(theworld’slargest,infact),ablackdeeranda“holy”goat.3,aswellastwospeciesofamphibiansand15speciesofreptiles.

TheSaolawasthefirstnewspeciesoflargemammaltobediscoveredinmorethanfiftyyears,soitcausedalotofexcitementinthescientificworld.Itisastrangegoat-likecreaturethatlooksasifitissomehowrelatedtocattle.Ithashornsthatcanbebetweenoneandtwofeetlong,andthatseemtocomeoutoftheanimal’sheadatslightlydifferentangles.4.

ThecreaturehadhiddensafelyforgenerationsintheVuQuangarea.Butonceitwasdiscovered,itwasindanger.5.Sadly,theSaolaisnowbeinghuntedandmaywellendupasanotherendangeredspecies.

A.That’swhyitattractshuntersB.VuQuangisnoordinarypark,thoughC.HuntershavenorespectfornewspeciesD.Butthat’snotallthatisunusualaboutVuQuangE.FivenewspeciesoffishhavealsobeenfoundthereF.ThiswasthefirsttimesomanynewspecieshadbeenfoundinthisareaG.That’swhyitiscalled“Saola”,meaning“spinningwheelposts”inVietnameseⅢ.語(yǔ)法填空Huizhouenjoysatime-honoredhistory.In2000,XidiandthenearbyHongcunvillageweredeclaredWorldHeritagesitesbyUNESCOfortheiroutstandingpreservationofruralarchitecture1.(date)backtotheMingandQingDynasties.

Huizhouhousesareoftenwoodenstructureswithbrickwalls,whichrequirealotofmaintenance.Moreover,daylightisvaluedinHuizhouhouses,whichisreflectedinthebuildingofopeninteriorcourtyards,2.(allow)sunshinetoentertherooms.Now,walkingalongthebluestonestreetsthere,visitorscanappreciatethedistinctiveHuizhou-stylehousesfeaturingwhitewalls,darktiles(瓦片)andlayeredhorse-headroofs,3.feelliketheyareimmersedinatraditionalChineseinkpainting.

Thetourismboomhelpstoprotectandbreathelifeintotheancientvillage.A4.(symbol)paifang,standingattheentrancetoXidi,5.(build)inthe16thcenturyinmemoryofHuWenguang,6.MingDynastyofficialborninthevillagewhomadegreat7.(contribute)tolocaleducationandlivelihoods.Itisthelocalpeople’sdesiretoprotectthelocalhistoricalcharacteristicsthatleadstothebuildings8.(preserve)tothisday.Besidesancientdwellingsandpaifang,therestandsomeancestralhalls9.clans(宗族,家族)willgathertomakesacrificestotheirancestors.Withtheirownuniqueandmarketablevalue,alltheseoldHuizhoubuildingsaregivingfullplay10.theirdistinctiveculturalcharm.

Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作你校英文廣播站需要招聘一名廣播主持人。請(qǐng)你寫一則招聘啟事,刊登在校英文報(bào)上,內(nèi)容包括:1.應(yīng)聘條件;2.崗位職責(zé)。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙鄳?yīng)位置作答。AnnouncerWanted_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ⅰ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了莫高窟的概況、歷史以及現(xiàn)狀。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Around1900,withthediscoveryofalibraryofthousandsofancientdocuments,thecavesreceivednewinterestfromChineseandforeignresearchers.”可知,大約在20世紀(jì)初,莫高窟重新引起了中外研究人員的興趣。2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthe1940s,manyresearchersandartists...wasformedtoprotectandstudytheMogaoGrottoes.”可知,20世紀(jì)40年代,許多研究人員和藝術(shù)家通過他們的努力,讓人們了解了敦煌。由此推知,文章提及20世紀(jì)40年代的藝術(shù)家們是為了贊賞他們?cè)趥鞒心呖呶幕系呢暙I(xiàn)。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Whilethecavesareopentothepublic,accessisnowlimitedinordertoprotecttheartwork.However,thecavescanbeseenonlineindigitalformsothatpeoplearoundtheworldcanstudyandenjoythem.”可知,為了保護(hù)藝術(shù)品,現(xiàn)在莫高窟被限制進(jìn)入,然而,人們可以在網(wǎng)上以數(shù)字模型的形式看到、研究和欣賞它們。4.B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章在第一段講述了莫高窟重新獲得人們關(guān)注的原因;第二段提及20世紀(jì)40年代的藝術(shù)家們?cè)趥鞒心呖呶幕纤龅呐?贊賞了他們的貢獻(xiàn);第三段講述莫高窟被列為聯(lián)合國(guó)世界文化遺產(chǎn);第四段講述了莫高窟的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。因此,本文主要介紹了沙漠中的藝術(shù)長(zhǎng)廊——莫高窟。故選B項(xiàng)。【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了羅馬斗獸場(chǎng),它建于大約兩千年前,在14世紀(jì)的一場(chǎng)地震中幸存下來(lái),大部分150多英尺高的建筑仍然屹立不倒。它見證了巨大建筑和羅馬帝國(guó)的興衰。為什么古代建筑能經(jīng)受住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn),而許多現(xiàn)代建筑在幾十年后就倒塌了?科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,古羅馬人使用了一種特殊的混凝土,這可能是它長(zhǎng)久存在的原因。5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.”可知,羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)還能存在的原因是它含有一種特殊的材料。故選C項(xiàng)。6.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.”可知,石灰石的功能是使建筑能夠自我修復(fù)。故選D項(xiàng)。7.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.”以及畫線單詞所在句中的“Meanwhile”可知,畫線單詞it指的就是上文提到的生石灰。8.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”可知,從AinissaRamirez的話中我們可以推斷出羅馬人的智慧為環(huán)保建筑提供了啟示。Ⅱ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了越南武廣國(guó)家公園及其里面新物種的相關(guān)情況。1.B由下文“Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.”和普通公園易到達(dá)的常識(shí)可知,武廣國(guó)家公園難以到達(dá),和普通公園不一樣,B項(xiàng)“然而,武廣不是一個(gè)普通的公園”切合語(yǔ)境。2.D由上文“Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.”可知,武廣國(guó)家公園難以到達(dá),不同尋常,下文“Inthelasttwentyyears,severalnewspeciesofanimalsthathaveneverbeenseenanywhereintheworldbeforehavebeendiscoveredthere.Someofthemaresonewthatscientistshaven’tgiventhemofficialnamesyet!”介紹武廣國(guó)家公園里面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些聞所未聞的新物種,這也是不同尋常之處,由此可知,該空應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步提及武廣國(guó)家公園的不平凡之處。D項(xiàng)“但這并不是武廣國(guó)家公園的全部不同尋常之處”切合語(yǔ)境。3.E由上文“ThenewanimalsdiscoveredattheparkincludetheVuQuangoxorSaola,a‘slow’deer,agiantmuntjac(theworld’slargest,infact),ablackdeeranda‘holy’goat.”和下文“aswellastwospeciesofamphibiansand15speciesofreptiles”可知,該空和上下文列舉了武廣國(guó)家公園里面發(fā)現(xiàn)的新物種,E項(xiàng)“在那里還發(fā)現(xiàn)了五種新的魚類”切合語(yǔ)境。4.G由上文“TheSaolawasthefirstnewspeciesoflargemammaltobediscoveredinmorethanfiftyyears,soitcausedalotofexcitementinthescientificworld.Itisastrangegoat-likecreaturethatlooksasifitissomehowrelatedtocattle.Ithashornsthatcanbebetweenoneandtwofeetlong,andthatseemtocomeoutoftheanimal’sheadatslightlydifferentangles.”可知,此段對(duì)Saola的外貌進(jìn)行描述,故該空應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)介紹Saola的相關(guān)情況,G項(xiàng)“這就是為什么它被稱為‘Saola’,在越南語(yǔ)中的意思是‘紡車樁’”切合語(yǔ)境。5.C由上文“ThecreaturehadhiddensafelyforgenerationsintheVuQuangarea.Butonceitwasdiscovered,itwasindanger.”和下文“Sadly,theSaolaisnowbeinghuntedandmaywellendupasanotherendangeredspecies.”可知,Saola處于危險(xiǎn)之中,空格處和下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,正是因?yàn)楂C人不尊重新物種,Saola才會(huì)被獵殺,C項(xiàng)“獵人不尊重新物種”切合語(yǔ)境。Ⅲ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。由于對(duì)明清時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)村建筑的出色保存,西遞和附近的宏村被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織宣布為世界遺產(chǎn),文章對(duì)其具有歷史特色的鄉(xiāng)村建筑進(jìn)行了介紹。1.dating考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:2000年,因?yàn)閷?duì)明清時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)村建筑的出色保存,西遞和附近的宏村被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織宣布為世界遺產(chǎn)。dateback意為“追溯到”,和邏輯主語(yǔ)architecture構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填dating。2.allowing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:此外,徽州房屋重視日光,這體現(xiàn)在開放的室內(nèi)庭院的建筑上,這可以讓陽(yáng)光進(jìn)入房間。動(dòng)詞allow意為“允許”,和邏輯主語(yǔ)“openi