單詞·詞組arithmeticlogicunit算術(shù)邏輯單元44.dequeue出隊(duì)baseon基于……45.enqueue入隊(duì)binarysystem二進(jìn)制46.queue隊(duì)列controlunit控制單元47.stack堆棧microprocessor微處理器48.database數(shù)據(jù)庫register寄存器49.integrity完整性workstation工作站50.privilege特權(quán)architecture體系結(jié)構(gòu)51.extension擴(kuò)展名compiler編譯器52.interchange交換discstorage磁盤存儲(chǔ)器53.lossy有損耗的level1(2)cache一（二）級(jí)緩存54.platform平臺(tái)physicalmemory物理存儲(chǔ)器swapfile交換文件virtualmemory虛擬存儲(chǔ)器volatile易失性的chipset芯片組expansioncard擴(kuò)展卡individually個(gè)別地motherboard主板parallelconnector并行連接器（設(shè)備）PCCase主機(jī)箱powersupply電源serialconnector串行連接器（設(shè)備）soundcard聲卡breakthrough突破constitute組成decode譯碼，解碼encode編碼insequence順次，依次parallelprocessing并行處理preliminary初步的，最初的storedprogramconcept存儲(chǔ)程序概念subsystem子系統(tǒng)addition加convert轉(zhuǎn)變decimal十進(jìn)制division除hexadecimal十六進(jìn)制multiplication乘octal八進(jìn)制subtraction減algorithm算法array數(shù)組·縮寫·1.BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)2.CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)中央處理器3.PC(PersonalComputer)個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)4.DRAM(DynamicRandomAccessMemory)動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器5.HDD(HardDiskDrive)硬磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器 6.I/O(Input/Output)輸入/輸出（設(shè)備，數(shù)據(jù)）7.SRAM(StaticRandomAccessMemory)靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器8.AC(AlternatingCurrent)交流9.DC(DirectCurrent)直流10.LCD(LiquidCrystalDisplay)液晶顯示；液晶顯示器11.DBMS(DataBaseManagementSystem)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)12.RDBMS(RelationalDataBaseManagementSystem)關(guān)系（型）數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)13.SQL(StructuredQueryLanguage)結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言·課后習(xí)題·一．1.操作系統(tǒng)operatingsystem2.取指—譯碼—執(zhí)行extractsinstruction—decodesexecute3.前端總線FSB---FrontSideBus4.雙處理器DP---DualProlessors5.基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)BasicInput/OutputSystem6.靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器SRAM（StaticRandomAccessMemory）7.動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器DRAM(DynamicRandomAccessMemory)8.虛擬存儲(chǔ)器VirtualMemory9.物理存儲(chǔ)器PhysicalMemory10.一級(jí)緩存Level1cache11.二級(jí)緩存Level2cache12.硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器訪問速度accessspeeds13.主板motherboard14.主機(jī)箱PCCase15.硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器HDD---HardDiskDrive16.光電鼠標(biāo)opticalmouse17.內(nèi)存RAM---RandomAccessMemory18.移動(dòng)硬盤MobileHardDisk19.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)Thecomputersystemarchitecture20.存儲(chǔ)程序概念storedprogramconcept21.順序指令執(zhí)行SequentialExecutionofInstructions22.并行處理parallelprocessing23.存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)storagemedium24.數(shù)制系統(tǒng)numbersystem25.數(shù)字技術(shù)digitaltechnology26.由二進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換為十進(jìn)制toconvertfrombinarytodecimal27.2的4次方2tothe4thpower28.處于兩種狀態(tài)intwostates29.與……聯(lián)系在一起beassociatedwith30.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datastructure31.數(shù)據(jù)類型datatype32.鏈表linkedlist33.先進(jìn)先出firstinfirstout34.根節(jié)點(diǎn)rootnode35.數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)DBMS---DataBaseManagementSystem36.并發(fā)控制concurrencycontrol37.文件系統(tǒng)filesystem38.結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言SQL---StructuredQueryLanguage39.文件擴(kuò)展名fileextension40.靜態(tài)圖像stillimages41.有損壓縮lossycompression42.文件格式fileformat二．1.Theinstructionsarenumbersofthebinarysystem,inaspecialformatthatisuniqueforeachmachine.指令是特殊格式的二進(jìn)制數(shù)列，它們對(duì)于每臺(tái)機(jī)器都是唯一的。2.CPUistheabbreviationofcentralprocessingunit,andpronouncedasseparateletters.CPU是中央處理器的簡(jiǎn)稱，每個(gè)字母單獨(dú)發(fā)音。3.Thecentralprocessoriswheremostcalculationstakeplace.大部分計(jì)算都發(fā)生在中央處理器4.Dual-corereferstoaCPUthatincludestwocompleteexecutioncoresperphysicalprocessor.雙核是指在CPU中每個(gè)物理處理器都包含兩個(gè)完整的執(zhí)行核心。5.Processor:ShortformicroprocessororCPU.處理器：微處理器或CPU的簡(jiǎn)稱。6.Integratedcircuit:Anothernameforachip,anintegratedcircuit(IC)isasmallelectronicdevicemadeoutofasemiconductormaterial.集成電路：是芯片的別稱，一個(gè)由半導(dǎo)體材料制成的小型電子設(shè)備。7.DRAMgetsthe“dynamic“initsnamebecauseitisrefreshedthousandsoftimespersecond.動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器名字中的動(dòng)態(tài)是因?yàn)樗棵胨⑿鲁汕先f次。8.RAM:Atemporarystoragememoryareaincomputerwheretheoperatingsystem,applicationprograms,anddataincurrentusearekept.隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器：是計(jì)算機(jī)的臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)器，用來保存操作系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用程序和正在使用的數(shù)據(jù)。9.ROMissustainedbyasmalllong-lifebatteryinyourcomputer.只讀存儲(chǔ)器是由計(jì)算機(jī)中的小型常使用期限的電池來維持的。10.RAMcacheisaportionofmemorymadeofhigh-speedstaticRAM.隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器緩存是由高速靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器組成的存儲(chǔ)器的一部分。PCisasystem,consistingofmanycomponents.個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)是由很多部分組成的系統(tǒng)ThemotherboardisthemaincircuitboardinaPC.主板是PC中的主電路板MajorcomponentsfoundonthemotherboardareCPU,BIOS,RTCandChipSet.主板上的主要部件是：中央處理器，基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)，計(jì)時(shí)時(shí)鐘和芯片組。Themouseisthemostcommon“pointingdevice”.鼠標(biāo)是最常用的點(diǎn)擊裝置。VonNeumanncomputersspendalotoftimemovingdatatoandfromthememory,andthisslowsthecomputer.馮·諾依曼計(jì)算機(jī)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在存儲(chǔ)中來回傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。Hedefinedthecontrolorganasthatwhichwouldautomaticallyexecutethecodedinstructionsstoredinmemory.它把控制器官定義為可以自動(dòng)執(zhí)行儲(chǔ)存在存儲(chǔ)器中的代碼指令的單元。18.Thisis“thewaycomputerswork.”這就是計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行的方式19.ThecontrolunitandthearithmeticlogicunitconstitutetheCentralProcessingUnit.控制單元和算術(shù)邏輯單元組成了中央處理器20.Thenumbersystemisawayofcontingthing.數(shù)制系統(tǒng)是一種數(shù)字的計(jì)數(shù)方式21.Allothernumbersarethenformedbycombiningthesetendigits.其他所有的數(shù)字是痛過這十個(gè)數(shù)字結(jié)合而成22.Anotherwaytomakethisclearistowritedecimalnumbersinexpandednotation.用擴(kuò)展計(jì)數(shù)法來寫十進(jìn)制數(shù)字23．Thebinarysystemunderliesmoderntechnologyofelectronicdigitalcomputers.二進(jìn)制系統(tǒng)是構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代電子計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)24.Binaryusestwodigits,soeachcolumnisworthtwicetheonebefore.二進(jìn)制使用兩個(gè)數(shù)字，因此每一列都是前一列的兩倍25.Datastructuresareanimportantwayoforganizinginformation.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)信息組織的重要方式26.Muchofprogramminginvolvesthestorageandretrievalofdata.許多編程涉及數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和檢索27.Mostdatastructureshaveassociatedalgorithmstoperformoperations.大多數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)都有相關(guān)的算法來執(zhí)行操作28.Eachnodeiseitheraleaforaninternalnode.每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)或者是葉或者是內(nèi)部節(jié)點(diǎn)29.D