SeeinghappinessdifferentlySinceitsofficialbeginningin2013,theInternationalDayofHappinesshasbeenobservedfor11years.ItfallsonMarch20everyyear.1Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?Expertsinvariousfieldsholddifferentviewsonwhathappinessmeansandthefactorsthatinfluenceit.SonjaLyubomirskyisaresearcherinthefieldofpositivepsychology.2Accordingtoher,happinesscanbedescribedas“theexperienceofjoy,contentment(滿足)orpositivewell-being,combinedwithasensethatone'slifeisgood,meaningfulandworthwhile.”People'slevelsofsubjectivehappinessareinfluencedbybothinternalfactors,suchaspersonalityandoutlook,andexternalfactors,suchastheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,accordingtotheauthorofthebookCultureandPsychology.3Theseincludetheirnaturalpersonalitytraits(特性),thequalityoftheirrelationshipswithothers,thesocietytheyareapartof,andtheirabilitytomeettheirbasicneeds.Morethanthat,expertsinmedicalfieldsfoundthatgenesmightinfluencehappiness.InanarticlepublishedinIranJPublicHealth,threeresearchersshowhowtwinstudieshavesuggestedthatgeneticfactorscountfor35~50percentofhappiness.Thestudyalsomentionedtwogenesthatmayhaveaneffectonhappiness,whichmayhelpclarifythegeneticbaseofhappinessinthefuture.Fromtheaspectofeconomics,TejvanPettinger,anindependenteconomicsresearcher,saidthatthefactorsaffectinghappinesscanincludeincome,qualityofwork,qualityofconsumption,leisure,thewelfareoffamilymembersandtheenvironment.4Hebelievesthatatlowlevelsofincome,increasingincomeisgenerallyconsideredtoincreasehappinessasitallowsapersontobuyessentialgoodsandservicessuchasfood,shelter,healthcareandeducation.However,aftercertainincomelevels,risingincomecontributeslittletooverallhappiness.5Sopeopledefineitdifferentlyandpursueitinavarietyofways.It'salifelessonworthourwholelifetimetoexplore.A.Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?B.Amongthem,incomeisacrucialfactor.C.Sheprovidesacleardescriptionofhappiness.D.Careersuccessmaynotbeaguaranteeofhappiness.E.Thetruthisthathappinessitselfisdifferentforeveryone.F.Severalimportantfactorscontributetoaperson'shappiness.G.Thisspecialdayservestoremindpeopleofthesignificanceofhappiness.【魔法帶練】第一步，通讀全文，對文章進行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結構及文章的寫作內容。Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?但幸福到底是什么，又該如何實現呢?【小科普】七選五主要是說明文，因此首段會起著開門見山，引領全文的作用。通過首段考生可以明白文章將要探討哪些內容，而首段的最后一句往往是文章的主題句，考生可以通過這句話對文章的主題有整體的了解。如果文章的最后一段點題，那就是“結尾總結”式；如果不是那就可能是總分的形式，考生把重點放在第一段即可。第二步，定位選項，明確各備選選項的含義，抓住其關鍵詞語，根據文章整體結構與具體內容，將選項填入文中，填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標志詞。【注意】邊讀邊做，先易后難。考生做題時如果發現有題目拿捏不準，可先跳過這一題，等讀完整篇文章后，對文章的要點和主旨、各個段落之間的邏輯關系基本清楚了再做之前不確定的題目。People'slevelsofsubjectivehappinessareinfluencedbybothinternalfactors,suchaspersonalityandoutlook,andexternalfactors,suchastheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,accordingtotheauthorofthebookCultureandPsychology.3Theseincludetheirnaturalpersonalitytraits(特性),thequalityoftheirrelationshipswithothers,thesocietytheyareapartof,andtheirabilitytomeettheirbasicneeds.同義替換：internalfactors=Severalimportantfactors；詞源對應：person=personality；所以F選項當選【小科普】詞語復現:作者或說話人在談論某個話題或主題時，與主題相關的詞語必定會以原詞、同義詞或近義詞等形式在上下文中重復出現，這種現象叫詞語復現。同一個詞的重復出現叫原詞復現;以同義詞的形式重復出現,叫同義復現;以近義詞或近義表達(意思相近，表達方式不同)的形式重復出現，叫近義復現;以詞義相同而詞性不同的形式重復出現,叫同根復現。還有上義詞與下義詞的復現(adult是teacher,parent的上義詞而teacher,parent就是adult的下義詞)。Fromtheaspectofeconomics,TejvanPettinger,anindependenteconomicsresearcher,saidthatthefactorsaffectinghappinesscanincludeincome,qualityofwork,qualityofconsumption,leisure,thewelfareoffamilymembersandtheenvironment.4Hebelievesthatatlowlevelsofincome,increasingincomeisgenerallyconsideredtoincreasehappinessasitallowsapersontobuyessentialgoodsandservicessuchasfood,shelter,healthcareandeducation.However,aftercertainincomelevels,risingincomecontributeslittletooverallhappiness.多項詞匯對應：直接對應B選項；income=economics;acrucialfactor=isgenerallyconsideredtoincreasehappiness;注意這里容易錯選A選項，因為A選項同樣也有個income這個關鍵詞出現，但是細心注意一下Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?他們的主要收入來源是什么?，強調收入來源；對比一下B選項B.Amongthem,incomeisacrucialfactor.其中，收入是一個關鍵因素。說明income只是一個方面并不是主要的陳述對象。【小科普】一個單詞在一個語義場中以同樣的形式反復出現，有時兼有詞形的變化，同（近）義祠和反義詞的復現或同一個范疇詞的復現等。考生解題時可以利用這些詞作為解題線索。具體過程上文已經對此知識點講解，這里不再贅述。SonjaLyubomirskyisaresearcherinthefieldofpositivepsychology.2Accordingtoher,happinesscanbedescribedas“theexperienceofjoy,contentment(滿足)orpositivewell-being,combinedwithasensethatone'slifeisgood,meaningfulandworthwhile.”代詞指代+同義替換：SonjaLyubomirsky=she;bedescribedas=providesacleardescriptionof所以C選項當選。【小科普】為了避免重復，不同的代詞可指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。It可指代可數名詞單數、不可數名詞或整個句子；they或them指代可數名詞復數；one指代可數名詞單數；that指代不可數名詞或句子；this指代可數名詞單數或句子；these或those指代可數名詞復數。Sinceitsofficialbeginningin2013,theInternationalDayofHappinesshasbeenobservedfor11years.ItfallsonMarch20everyyear.1Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?轉折邏輯+同義替換：theInternationalDayofHappiness=thespecialday;whatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit=thesignificanceofhappiness.所以G選項當選【小科普】從細節邏輯上判斷——轉折關系。轉折關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句構成逆轉邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可能是個轉折邏輯的句子。表示轉折關系的連接詞有：However,but,nevertheless,nonetheless,still；though，yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever，onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise，not...but，aswell等。5Sopeopledefineitdifferentlyandpursueitinavarietyofways.It'salifelessonworthourwholelifetimetoexplore.因果邏輯+詞匯復現：詞源對應different=differently=avarietyof【小科普】從細節邏輯上判斷——因果關系：在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選取正確答案。其中的同義替換過程這里不再贅述了。一般情況下看清楚句子描述是原因還是結果。第三步，確定排除，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?他們的主要收入來源是什么?這個選項在第二步已經說過為什么不選，這里不再贅述Careersuccessmaynotbeaguaranteeofhappiness.事業上的成功不一定是幸福的保證。文章主題不涉及幸福與個人職業生涯成功掛鉤第四步，通讀復檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點考查邏輯關系和關聯結構。Seeinghappinessdifferently以不同的方式看待幸福Sinceitsofficialbeginningin2013,theInternationalDayofHappinesshasbeenobservedfor11years.自2013年正式設立以來，國際幸福日已經慶祝了11個年頭。ItfallsonMarch20everyyear.每年的3月20日。詞匯解析：Fallon降臨Pricescontinuedtofallonthestockmarkettoday.今天股票市場價格繼續下跌。Thisspecialdayservestoremindpeopleofthesignificanceofhappiness.這個特殊的日子是為了提醒人們幸福的重要性。詞匯解析：Serveto提供食物或飲料Theiractioncanonlyservetohardentheattitudeoflandowners.他們的舉動只會使土地所有者們的態度變得強硬。Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?但幸福到底是什么，又該如何實現呢?Expertsinvariousfieldsholddifferentviewsonwhathappinessmeansandthefactorsthatinfluenceit.that引導定語從句修飾thefactors不同領域的專家對幸福的含義和影響幸福的因素持有不同的觀點。SonjaLyubomirskyisaresearcherinthefieldofpositivepsychology.SonjaLyubomirsky是積極心理學領域的研究人員。Sheprovidesacleardescriptionofhappiness.她對幸福給出了清晰的描述。Accordingtoher,happinesscanbedescribedas“theexperienceofjoy,contentment(滿足)orpositivewell-being,combinedwithasensethatone'slifeisgood,meaningfulandworthwhile.”根據她的說法，幸福可以被描述為“快樂、滿足(滿足)或積極的幸福感，以及一個人生活美好、有意義和有價值的感覺。”詞匯解析：①accordingto根據；按照Pricesvaryaccordingtothequantityordered.價格根據所訂數量而變化。②bedescribedas被描述為：Herattitudecouldfairlybedescribedashostile.公平而論，她的態度可以說是懷有敵意。③combinewith組合Theycombinewithdustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud.它們與來自彗星的塵埃顆粒結合在一起，形成了巨大的云團。People'slevelsofsubjectivehappinessareinfluencedbybothinternalfactors,suchaspersonalityandoutlook,andexternalfactors,suchastheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,accordingtotheauthorofthebookCultureandPsychology.《文化與心理學》一書的作者表示，人們的主觀幸福感水平受到性格和觀點等內部因素和生活環境等外部因素的影響。Severalimportantfactorscontributetoaperson'shappiness.幾個重要的因素有助于一個人的幸福。Theseincludetheirnaturalpersonalitytraits(特性),thequalityoftheirrelationshipswithothers,thesocietytheyareapartof,andtheirabilitytomeettheirbasicneeds.這些包括他們的自然性格特征(特性)，他們與他人的關系質量，他們所處的社會，以及他們滿足基本需求的能力。Morethanthat,expertsinmedicalfieldsfoundthatgenesmightinfluencehappiness.不僅如此，醫學領域的專家還發現基因可能會影響幸福感。InanarticlepublishedinIranJPublicHealth,threeresearchersshowhowtwinstudieshavesuggestedthatgeneticfactorscountfor35~50percentofhappiness.在《伊朗公共衛生雜志》上發表的一篇文章中，三位研究人員展示了雙胞胎研究如何表明遺傳因素占幸福的35%至50%。Thestudyalsomentionedtwogenesthatmayhaveaneffectonhappiness,whichmayhelpclarifythegeneticbaseofhappinessinthefuture.which引導非限制性定語從句該研究還提到了兩種可能對幸福有影響的基因，這可能有助于闡明未來幸福的基因基礎。Fromtheaspectofeconomics,Tejvan