翻譯理論與實踐練習

ExercisesforTheory&PracticeofTranslation

Lecturedby

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TheU.S.PavilionOnbehalfoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommenceandtheAssociationforManufacturingTechnology,IwouldextendmygreetingstothefourthChinaInternationalMachineToolShow(CIMT’95),andwelcomethevisitorstotheU.S.Pavilion.WeareproudofourUSPavilion,where70USexhibitorsaredisplayingthelatestworldclassmachinetooltechnologyandrelatedmanufacturingservices.Thetechnologyandservicesdemonstratedherearetheprimarybuildingblocksforindustrializationineverynationoftheworld.IhopeyouwillutilizethisopportunitytoassessproductsandservicesofferedintheUSPavilionanddiscusswithrepresentativesofourUSindustryhowthesegoodsandservicescanmeetyourparticularindustrialneeds.ChinaandtheUShavemadetremendousstridesinforgingmutually-beneficialcommercialrelationships.WeattheDepartmentofCommence,workingcloselywiththeUSprivatesector,areproudoftherolewehaveplayedindevelopingtheseties,andwelookforwardtostrengtheningourrelationshipinthemonthsandyearsahead.ItisthrougheventslikeCIMT’95thatourgrowingtieswillbereinforced.Again,Iwelcomeyoutothisimpressiveshow,andIwishyouasuccessfulandproductivevisittoourUSPavilion.RolandH.BrownTheSecretaryofCommerce

美國展團我代表美國商務部和美國機械制造技術協會謹向第四屆中國國際機床展覽會表示祝賀，歡迎諸位光臨美國展團。我為我們的美國展團感到自豪，70多位參展商將展出最新的，具有世界水平的機床科技以及相關的制造維修技術。這些工藝和技術是世界各國工業化的基礎。我希望諸位能利用這一機會了解美國站團的產品和技術并與美國的產業代表探討如何利用這些產品和技術來滿住貴方業界的特殊需求。中美兩國為建立互利的經濟關系進行了巨大的努力。為此，美國經濟部還與美國的私營企業進行了密切的合作。我們為自己在發展這一互利關系中所起的作用感到自豪，同時希望在未來的歲月里進一步加強這一關系。而像CIMT’95這樣的活動正是進一步加強這種互利關系的盛會。再次歡迎諸位參加這一令人難忘的盛會，并祝愿大家對美國展團的參觀富有收效，取得成果！美國商務部長羅納德·布朗====================================求職信敬啟者：本人欲申請今天《香港日報》上貴公司以廣告招聘的教科書編輯職位，并隨函附上個人簡歷一份，懇請予以考慮。本人對英文和圖書有特別的興趣，素來盼望做編輯工作。貴公司目前的空缺為我提供了盼望已久的機會。本人謹希望能獲得面試的機會，以便能更充分地說明本人具備的各項資歷。DearSirorMadam:Ishouldbegladifyouwouldconsidermyqualifications,particularsofwhicharecontainedintheclosedresume,forthepositionofschoolpublishingeditor,advertisedintoday’sHongKongDaily.IhaveaspecialinterestinEnglishandbooksandhavealwayswantedtobecomeaneditor.YourpresentvacancyseemstooffertheopportunityIhavebeenwaitingfor.IhopeImaybegrantedaninterview,whenIcanexplainmyqualificationmorefully.Yourfaithfully

2個人簡歷姓名：王甘地年齡：28性別Gender/Sex：男婚姻狀況：未婚學歷：本科籍貫：四川學歷背景1990-94：香港中文大學英語系學習1986-90：香港湯普森中學學習工作經驗1994．11-1995，12：香港泰安銀行灣仔分行行政助理1996-今：香港圣馬莉書院英文教師工作技能會廣東話，英文，日文能熟練操作電腦有銀行工作的實際經驗工作態度有團隊意識，有責任心抱著對貴公司的濃厚興趣，希望加入到貴公司，為貴公司效力。若能給予面試機會，將不勝感激。聯系方式：1398888889=================================================================

AboutBroadwayAutos-----------------------BroadwayAutosisasubsidiaryofBroadwayInternationalInc.ofPortland,Oregan.Broadwaymanufacturesandmarketstwotypesofbattery-drivenelectricvehicles:short-rangedeliveryvehicleandone-personcarsfordisabledpeople.ThevehiclebodiesaremanufacturedinBroadway’sownfactory,butallothercomponentsincludingelectricmotors,batteriesandwheelsareboughttotwomonths’stockandassembledinthefactory.OvertheyearsBroadwayhasbuiltupagoodrelationshipwithitssuppliers,mostofwhomhavebeenworkingthemformanyyears.

百老匯汽車公司簡介百老匯汽車公司是設在俄勒岡州波特蘭市的百老匯國際公司的子公司。該公司生產并銷售電瓶驅動的汽車：短程送貨車和單人座殘疾人車。車身在百老匯汽車公司所屬的工廠里生產，但是其他部件，包括電動機，蓄電池組和車輪都是外購的，備有兩個月的庫存，并在該廠組裝。多年來，百老匯與其他供貨商建立了良好的關系，其中大部分供貨商已與之合作多年。3

耐克耐克是當今商界最有影響的銷售公司之一，但它起步時卻是薇不足道的。這家全球巨人公司在20世紀60年代靠推銷廉價日本運動鞋起家。公司的創始人將運動鞋放在自己的小汽車里，帶到美國高中田徑運動會上向運動員兜售。運動鞋sportsshoes

NikeNikeisoneofthemostpowerfulmarketingcompaniesinthebusinessworldtoday,butithadverysmallbeginnings.Theglobalgiantcompanystartedinthe1960swiththecompany’sfounderssellingcheapJapanesesportsshoestoAmericanhighschoolathletesatschooltrackmeetings,usingasupplyofshoestheykeptintheircar..

4休閑中心1.RestCenter2.RecreationCenter3.SpaCenter北美的“RecreationCenter”一般是指體育運動場所，而且多是大型公共康樂設施，提供各種運動、健身服務。近年來，國內各地出現的“休閑中心”提供的是洗浴、按摩、美容等服務，更接近于國外的“Spa”。國外的“Spa”顧客多為女性，而國內的則男女均有，且服務項目更多元化。5臺北婚紗攝影TaibeiBridalWorldTaibeiBridalStudioTaibeiPhotographicCenterforBrides6上海煙草集團名煙名酒店１．Famous-BrandTobacco&WineShopShanghai2.Famous-BrandTobacco&LiquorShopShanghai3.ShanghaiTobaccoGroupBrandNameTobacco&LiquorStore7地鐵內嚴禁攜帶易燃易爆物品NocarryingcombustibleandexplosiveinmetroNocarryingcombustiblesandexplosivesinmetroFlammableandExplosiveSubstancesStrictlyProhibitedinMetro8請走側門PleaseusethesidedoorPleaseusesidedoor9逛南京路、游外灘不要錯過地下禮品風情街,向后走十五米NomissingwhenyouwanderingaboutNanjingRd&TheBund,theremustbesomegiftsuitableforyou!Gobackwardforabout15meters.Don’tmisstheundergroundgiftstreetwhenwanderingaboutNanjingRd,andtheBund!Just15metersback.BesuretovisitourundergroundgiftandsouvenirplazawhenstrollingdownNanjingRoadortheBund.Walkback15meters.10BetterLaterThantheLate晚了總比完了好寧遲一時,不辭一世11老弱病殘專座CourtesySeats12老年迪斯科舞廳ElderlyDiscoHallOldDiscoHallSenileDiscoHall13游客止步OutofBoundsNoAdmittanceNotOpentoVistorsVistorsNotAdmittedPassengersStopHere14隨地吐痰惹人恨，罰款一千有可能，傳播肺癆由此起，衛生法例要遵行。NoSpitting.MaximumPenalty$1000.(周兆祥，２００３）

15注意安全，拉好扶手SafetyAttention,andPullArmrestHoldTighttheStraphangers16小心地滑CAUTION.WETFLOOR!17小草青青，足下留情PleaseKeepOffGrass18展覽樣品，請勿觸摸HandsOff!19英語公示語的突出特：一是往往全部用大寫字母，不加句點。二是字數通常都很少，最少的只有一個詞。三是語言精練，常用名詞、動名詞或名詞短語。有時為了簡練，冠詞略而不用。四是有時使用祈使句。五是有時采用十分正式的文體（胡文仲1987:1)。20Uponhisdeathin1826,JeffersonwasburiedunderastonewhichdescribedhimashehadwishedtoberememberedastheauthoroftheDeclarationonIndependenceandtheVirginiaStatutueforReligiousFreedomandthefatheroftheUniversityofVirginia.1826年杰斐遜逝世。按照他生前遺愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻著：獨立宣言和弗訐尼亞信教自由法令的作者、佛杰尼亞大學創建人之墓-----切分法災難深重的中華民族，一百年來，其優秀人物奮斗犧牲，前赴后繼，摸索救國救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。----毛澤東選集，第三卷Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster-riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inquestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongandtears.---合并ThesunsetsregularlyontheUnionJackthesedays,butneverontheEnglishlanguage.現在，英國已不再是個“日不落”的國家了，但是，英語卻廣泛流行使用著。---正話反說這個摻痛的歷史教訓，我們全黨同子一定要永遠記取，引以為鑒。NocomradeinthePartymustneverforgetthisbitterlessonandwemustalltakewarningfromit.---正話反說Hardlyadaypasseswithouthimgettingscratchedorbruisedashescramblesforaplaceonabus.他擠公共汽車，身上不是這里擦破，就是那里碰傷，幾乎天天如此。--反話正說HardTimes艱難時事GreatExpectations遠大前程GodFather教父四書FourBooks五經FiveClassics紅樓夢ADreamofRedMansions水滸WaterMargin紅巖RedCragAFarewelltoArms永別了，戰爭ForWhomTheBellTolls喪鐘為誰而鳴GonewiththeWindUncleTom’sCabinWaterlooBridge魂斷藍橋BloodandSand碧血黃沙21雨村起身也讓道：老先生請便。晚生乃常造之客，稍侯何妨。“Don’tstandonceremony,sir”saidYu-tsun,rising.“Iamaregularguesthere,Idon’tmindwaiting.”---“What’syourname,boy?”thepolicemanasked…---“DrPoussaint,I’maphysician…”----“What’syourfirstname,boy?...”---“Alvin”“Holdon,Arthur,myboy”hesaid,attemptingtomakehisanxietywithfacetiousutterance.(J.London,MartingEden)等一等，阿瑟老弟，“他說，想用開玩笑的口氣來掩飾自己的不安?！癥ouneedn’tlookforit,”saidDella.“It’ssold.Itellyou---soldandgone,too.It’sChristmasEve,boy…(O.Henry,TheGiftofMagi)“你不用找了，”德拉說，“我告訴你，已經賣了---賣了，找不著了。今天是圣誕夜，親愛的。。。22

Themaximwasthatwhenamarriedcouplesawredlawyerssawgreen.(RageofAngels)俗話說，夫婦吵得臉紅耳赤時，便是律師招財進寶之日。Alice’sgirlfriendsweregreenwithenvywhentheysawhernewdress.Green-eyedred-eyedpinkeyes醫學上的“紅眼病”InAmericanpoliticalelectionsthecandidatesthatwinareusuallytheoneswhohavegreenpowerbackingthem.在美國政治競選中獲勝的后選人通常都是些有財團支持的人物。YoucannotexpectMarytodobusinesswithsuchpeople.Sheisonlyeighteenandasgreenasgrass.你不能指望瑪麗同這樣的人做生意，她只有十八歲，還毫無經驗。Hesaid—LadiesandGentlemen,---Maywealllivetoagreenoldageandbeprosperousandhappy.(M.Twain,TheInnocnetsAbroad,ch.X)他說---諸位女士，先生---祝我們大家都有一個幸福的晚年，富裕而安康。---Youlookbluetoday.What’sthematterwithyou?---Sheisinholidayblue.你今天顯得悶悶不樂，出了什么事情？她得了“假期憂郁癥”bluefilmtomakeabluejoke

Byonesurvey,morethan20millionAmericansnowwatchatleastonebluevideoeachweek.

Plainboiledwater(白開水)plainslicedpork（白切肉）ablanksheetofpaper（白紙）23

美國運通公司躋身于商界140多年的美國運通公司與時代同發展共變革。它以貨物快捷運輸起家，后來轉入與旅行相關的多種服務行業。如今，它以經營國際金融業而聞名。運通公司的前生創建于1850年，由三家公司合并而成，這三家公司在東海岸與中西部之間從事貨物、貴重物品以及錢款的快捷貨運。到19世紀60年代中期，該公司已在10個州擁有900家辦事處，同時也擁有一位強大的竟爭對手，即“商人聯盟快捷貨運公司”。經過幾年的殊死較量，這兩個競爭對手合并成立了“美國商人聯盟快捷貨運公司”，并于1873年更名為“美國運通公司”。AmericanExpressCompanyAmericanExpressCompany,inbusinessover140years,hasgrownandchangedwiththetimes.Itstartedoutintheexpresscargobusinessandlatermovedontoavarietyoftravel-relatedservices.Today,itisbecomingwellknownforitsinternationalfinancialoperations.Theoriginalcompanywasfoundedin1850.Itresultedfromthemergingofthreefirmsinvolvedintheexpresstransportofgoods,valuables,andmoneybetweentheEastCoastandtheMidwest.Bythemid-1860s,ithad900officesintenstates.ItalsohadamajorcompetitorcalledtheMerchantUnionExpressCompany.Afterseveralyearsofcutthroatcompetition,thetworivalsmergedtobecometheAmericanMerchantsUnionExpressCompanyin1873.24雋思集團是一家提供一條龍式服務的紙制品生產商和印刷商。雋思目前擁有兩間分別位于東莞市和天津市的現代化工廠，總面積625,000平方呎(約58,000平方米)，及4,500名接受過各種專業培訓的員工。集團專門設計和制造多元化優質紙品，包括：紙板游戲教育材料拼圖紙牌游戲兒童圖書文具禮品活動套裝包裝彩盒雋思在同業中以著重與客戶建立合作伙伴關系見稱。這種密切的伙伴關系，正好激勵我們為客戶提供最專業的服務及最豐富的創作靈感。過去二十多年，雋思與印刷業同步成長，一直致力于研究和開發，為客戶提供專業產品意見，其優秀表現已獲得國際和本地客戶的廣泛認同。

QPGroupisaone-stopserviceproviderinpaperproductmanufacturingandprinting.Withaprofessionallytrainedworkforceof4,500and625,000squarefeetmanufacturingplantsinDongguanandTianjin,Chinahousingthelateststate-of-the-artfacilities,thegroupspecializesinthedesignandproductionofdiversifiedhighqualityproductsincluding:BoardGamesEducationalProductsPuzzlesCardGamesChildren'sBooksGifts&StationeryActivitySetsPackagingBoxes

WhatdifferentiatesQPfromotherindustryplayersisastrongcommitmenttopartnershipwithourcustomers.Suchclosepartnershipmotivatesustoofferthebestofourprofessionalservicesandcreativityfornewideas.Havingbeenanactiveplayerintheindustryforovertwodecades,QPiswellrecognizedforitsstrengthsinR&Dandproductdesignconsultancybyourbroadbasedinternationalandlocalcustomers.25雋思提供了一個理想環境孕育創意。平凡的紙張可以變成無數有用產品，藉此開拓無限商機。請以您的用戶名及密碼，進入網頁瀏覽我們最新設計的產品。QPprovidesanenvironmentconducivetocreativity.Plainpaperscanbeturnedintonumeroususefulproductsandbusinessopportunities.Withyourloginnameandpassword,enterthesitetoseesomeofourlatestdesigns.26甲:這是一點小意思,請務必收下.乙:你這人真有意思,怎么也來這一套?甲:唉,只是意思意思罷了.乙:啊,真不好意思.--------------------------------------------……“閏土”也用上了程控電話．27A:Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.B:Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldn’tdothat.A:Well,itjustconveymygratitude.B:Ah,thankyouthen,thoughIreallydon’tdeserveit.－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－…Nowthefarmershaveprogram-controlledtelephonesinstalledattheirhomes.28SalesEngineerRapidlyexpandingprecisionbearingsmanufacturerislookingforanaggressive,problem-solving,andmotivateddecisionmakertocoverImperialandSanDiegocounties.Ourcandidatemustdevelop,withminimalassistancecustomers,thefullsalespotentialoftheassignedterritory,callingonnewandestablishedcustomers,includingaccountsofmajorimportance.Thisindividualwillberequiredtoanalyzecustomerneeds,keepthemfullyinformedofproductfeaturesandapplications,andprovidetechnicalsupport.Acloseworkingrelationshipwithmanycompanyfunctionsmustbemaintained,interfacingwithsuchgroupsascustomerservice,engineeringandmanagement.ABSdegreeisdesired,coupledwiththreeyearssalesorengineeringexperience,preferablyinthebearingsorrelatedindustry.Topcompensationisofferedtotherightcandidate,plusmanyvaluableextrasinbenefits,incentivesandexpenses.Forimmediateconsideration,weinviteyoutosendyourresumewithsalaryhistoryto:

AlanB.RoneyNMBCORPORATION9730IndependenceAvenueChatsworth,CA91311一家快速發展的精密軸承制造廠正在尋求一位有進取心、善于處理問題、能果斷地做出決策的銷售工程師，負責兩地的業務。候選人必須能在指定的銷售區域內，不依賴任何支持，最大限度地開發客戶資源，聯系新老客戶，包括一些重要的大客戶；能分析客戶的需要，能向客戶全面介紹產品的特點和應用范圍，并能向客戶提供技術援助。此外，候選人還需要和本公司內其他部門保持良好的工作聯系，協調好顧客服務、工程設計及管理等部門的工作。候選人需具有理工學士學位，最好是在軸承廠或相關企業有三年銷售或工程設計經驗。符合條件者將被高薪聘用，同時，在福利、獎勵、和其他費用方面待遇優厚。有意者，請將履歷和工資情況寄至：加州恰茲華斯獨立大道9730號NMB有限公司艾倫B.羅尼先生收郵編9131129

上海的經濟建設上海是中國重要的經濟中心。建國50年來，上海經濟建設取得了巨大成就。特別是改革開放以來，上海人民走出了一條具有中國特色、體現時代特征、符合上海特點的發展新路。尤其是90年代以后，上海國民生產總值連續7年保持10%以上的增長率，1998年上海國內生產總值達到3688億元，平均每年增長9。1%，人均國內生產總值為2。82萬元，按當年匯率計算，已突破3300美元，相當于中等發達國家水平。上海人民走出了一條具有中國特色、體現時代特征、符合上海特點的發展新路thepeopleofShanghaihaveopenedupanewpathofdevelopmentwithlocalfeaturesandChinesecharacteristicsofmoderntimes.人均國內生產總值:percapitaGDP相當于中等發達國家水平。equivalenttothelevelofmedium-advancedcountries.＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ShanghaiisanimportanteconomiccenterofChina.Inthepast50yearssincethefoundingofNewChina,Shanghaihasmadetremendousachievementsineconomicconstruction.Especiallysincetheadoptionofthepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,thepeopleofShanghaihaveopenedupanewpathofdevelopmentwithlocalfeaturesandChinesecharacteristicsofmoderntimes.Beginningin1990,thegrowthrateofShanghai’sGNPwasmorethan10percentforsevenyearsinsuccession.In1998,GDPreached368.8billionyuan,withanaverageannualgrowthrageof9.1percent;andpercapitaGDPstoodat28,200yuan,ormorethanUS$3.300calculatedaccordingtotheyear’sexchangerate,equivalenttothelevelofmedium-advancedcountries.30

中國經濟體制改革中國正在由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌，因此我們的經濟體制改革必須會涉及到外國投資政策的調整，而調整的目的是為了加速與國際接軌的進程。為了逐步使我國的關稅總水平達到發展中國家的平均水平，我們將在近年來幾次降低關稅率的基礎上繼續大幅度降低關稅率。這樣做不僅是為了達到世界貿易組織對關稅的要求，而且也是我國建立社會主義市場經濟的自身需要。我們將根據市場經濟的國際慣例和要求廢除各種有關進出口減免稅的條例，逐步統一本國企業與外資企業的稅收政策。這樣做的目的旨在使稅收制度標準化，創造企業與企業之間，地區與地區之間公平競爭的條件，進一步改善投資環境。中國正在由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌Chinaisundergoingtheprocessoftransitionfromaplannedtoamarketeconomy.轉軌過程：theprocessoftransition/change/switch經濟體制改革:reformofeconomicsystem外國投資政策:foreigninvestmentpolicies加速與國際接軌的進程:acceleratelinkswiththeusualinternationalpractices關稅總水平:generaltarifflevel關稅:tariff關稅壁壘：tariffbarriers面稅：tariff-free而國內的稅常用taxeg:稅務會計taxaccounting營業稅taxonprofit增值稅taxonvalueadded當具體到某種關稅的時候，常用dutyeg:進口稅：importduty出口稅exportduty免稅商品duty-freegoods建立社會主義市場經濟:establishasocialistmarketeconomy－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

China’sReformofEconomicSystemChinaisundergoingtheprocessoftransitionfromaplannedtoamarketeconomy.Therefore,ourreformoftheeconomicsystemisboundtoinvolvereadjustmentsinsomeforeigninvestmentpolicies,thegoalofwhichistoacceleratelinkswithusualinternationalpractices.Inordertograduallybringourgeneraltarifflevelinlinewiththeaveragelevelofdevelopingcountries,wewill,basedontariffrateswhichhavebeenloweredseveraltimesinrecentyears,continuetointroducesignificantreductionsintariffrates.ThiseffortwillnotonlyfulfillthetariffrequirementsoftheWorldTradeOrganization,butalsomeetChina’srequirementsforestablishingasocialistmarketeconomy.Wewillact,inaccordancewithgenerallyacceptedinternationalpracticesandtherequirementsofthemarketeconomy,toabolishvariousregulationsgoverningimporttaxexemptionsandreduction,andgraduallyunifytaxationpoliciesgoverningChineseandforeign-fundedenterprises.Theaimofdoingsoistostandardizethetaxsystem,createconditionsforequalcompetitionbetweenenterprisesaswellasregions,andfurtherimprovetheinvestmentenvironment.

31QianZhongshu:sublimation(化境)Thatis“既不能因語文習慣的差異而露出生硬牽強的痕跡，又能完全保存原的風味。32拜年PayaNewYearcall/greeting財運Luckinmakingmoney祠堂Memorialtemple道士Taoistpriest江南水鄉ThesouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver33端午節ChineseDragon-boatFestival國慶節NationalDay清明節PureBrightnessDay五一勞動節InternationalLaborDay元宵節LanternFestival34中秋節Mid-AutumnFestival重陽節Double-NinthFestival豆腐渣工程Jerry-builtproject安居工程Housingprojectforlow-incomefamilies35把已經確定的方針政策落實到實處Togetthesetprinciples,policiesandmeasuresimplemented百花齊放，百家爭鳴Letahundredflowersblossomandahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend本位主義departmentalism撥亂反正Tosetthingsright/torestorethingstoorder36吃皇糧Toreceivesalaries,subsidies,orothersupportedfromthegovernment傳銷Pyramidselling/multi-levelmarketing打白條ToissueIOU打假Tocrackdownoncounterfeitgoods打破僵局Tobreakthedeadlock37黨群關系Party-massrelationship發展是硬道理Developmentisofoveriddingimportance搞扶貧開發Toengageinthedevelopmentofpovertyalleviation福利分房Welfare-orientedpublichousingdistributivesystem搞活國營大中型企業38搞活國營大中型企業Torevitalize/invigoratelargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises享有公費醫療Toenjoymedicalservicesatstateexpense用公款吃喝toenjoybanquetatpublicexpenses掛靠Tobeattached/affiliatedto/tobesubordinateto39和平共處五項原則TheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence和平統一，一國兩制Theprinciplesofpeacefulreunificationand“onecountry,twosystems”和平演變Peacefulevolutiontowardscapitalism黑店Gangsterinn40黑社會Gangland/Mafia-styleorganization灰色收入Incomefrommoonlighting精簡機構Tostreamlinegovernmentorgans糾正不正之風Torectifyunhealthytendenciesandmalpractices虧損企業Enterprisesrunninginthered/underdeficit41DearDr.Harmon,Fromtoday’spaperIhavelearnedwithmuchdelightthatyouwererecentlyappointededitor-in-chiefofTheMorningPost.Iwouldliketoaddmycongratulationtothemanyyoumustbereceivingonyourpromotions.Yourspeedyadvancementatsuchayoungageisquiterare.Thisissurelyowingtoyouruntiringindustry,coupledwithyourextraordinaryability.42Withyourqualificationsandunyieldingwill,thepositionwillsurelyprovetobeapleasantone.TheMorningPostatlasthasaneditor-in-chiefwhocanmakeitthedominant,outstandingdailyofthecountry.Withmybestwishesforyourfurthersuccess.Cordiallyyours,BertFellows

43親愛的哈蒙博士:從今天的報紙上,我非常高興地獲悉,你最近被任命為晨報的主編.你這次晉升想必收到許多賀信,而我還是要給你添上一封,以表賀意.你年紀很輕就得到晉升,是極其難得的.這肯定是由于你工作勤奮,堅持不懈,才能非凡的緣故.憑你的堅強意志和所具備的種種好條件,你對這一職務肯定會愉快勝任的,晨報終于有了一位能使該報成為風靡全國的出色日報的主編.衷心地取得更大的成就.你真誠的

44(1)A:WhyistheletterTlikeanisland?B:Becauseitisinthemiddleofwater.Andifwetranslateit,itwillbecomelikethis:甲：為什么字母T像一座島嶼？乙：因為他在水中央。Obviously,thetranslationwillmakereadersfeelpuzzledandhavenoideawhatisbeingtalkedabout.45哥呀,雖然已白花開,路旁的野花不要采.Brother,thoughallkindsofflowersareinbloom,pleasedon’tpickthewildflowerliningtheroads.Foreigner:Arewetopicktheflowersinthepark?46交際花Socialbutterfly?；–ampusbelle471.YanFu’sthree-charactertranslationcriterionis___,___and___whileFuLei’stranslationprinciplestresses____.2.Bysignsinvolvedintranslation,translationcanbeclassifiedintointralingualtranslation,___,andintersemiotictranslation,whilebythemodeoftranslation,itcanbegroupedintocompletetranslation,____and___3.Thetwostrategiesoftranslationare___and___whileliberaltranslationand___aretwomethodsoftranslation.4.Asforthetranslatability,wecansaythatpoem,__,___andChineseallegoricalsayingsareveryhardtotranslate.5.Asforastranslationtechniquesareconcerned,thereareeightkinds:annotation,paraphrase,___,omission,___adaptation,___andcombination.6.AccordingtoBritishtranslationtheoristPeterNewmark,anylanguagehassixfunctions.Theyare___,___,___,aestheticfunction,phaticfunction,andmetalingualfunction.1。這就是他的性格，真是狗改不了吃屎。2。張老師，老王，久仰你們的大名，現小弟在“五月花”酒店略備粗肴，聊表寸心，沒有可口的，實在不成敬意，還請你們包涵。3。我只想吃肉絲炒土豆和紅燒全魚。4。Patrickpeeredowlishlyatusthroughhisglasses.5.ThewoundedareallowedtoreceiveRedCrossfoodparcelsandwritecensoredletters.6.Peopleoftensaythatwhenamarriedcoupleseered,lawyersgreen.7.她是湖北大學的?；?，不是交際花。8.Iburiedmyheadunderthemiserablequiltandrug,andcriedlikeachild.-----------------------------------------1。減肥飲料2。皮包公司3。小康生活4。跳槽5。宰客6。水果攤位7。拜年8。“百花齊放，百家爭鳴”的方針9。我們堅決反對有錢人不愛妻子，愛情人的作法。10。一個和尚挑水吃，兩個和尚抬水吃，三個和尚沒水吃。-------------------------------------------個人簡歷姓名：諸葛山西年齡：29性別：女婚姻狀況：離婚學歷：本科籍貫：陜西西安學歷背景：1998-2002：武漢大學外語學院就讀1995-1998：武漢市江夏3中就讀工作經驗：2002-2005：武漢中國工商銀行東胡支行行政助理2005-2008：武漢藏龍島科技園中美合資企業出口部經理。工作技能：流利英文、日文會電腦操作有外企實際工作經驗工作態度：有團隊意識和責任心，工作中主觀能動性強------------------------------------48It’snoteasytobecomeamemberofthatclub---theywantpeoplewhohaveplentyofmoneytospend,notjusteveryTom,Dick,andHarry.要參加那個俱樂部并非易事---他們只吸收手頭闊綽的人，而不是普通百姓。（Tom,Dick,andHarry都是英美常見的人名，這里泛指任何人，相當于漢語的“張三，李四、王五”。所以不宜直譯為“湯姆、迪克、哈里”）49Oursonmustgotoschool.Hemustbreakoutofthepotthatholdsusin.我們的兒子一定得上學，一定要出人頭地?！癰reakoutofthepotthatholdsusin.”譯為“出人頭地”比“打破這個把我們關在里面的壇子”意思來得明白簡潔。50MrKingsleyandhisRedBrickboyswillhavetolooktotheirlaurels.金斯利先生和他那些二流大學的學生們必須小心翼翼地保持已經取得的榮譽。（RedBrick又稱RedBrickUniversity,指英國除牛津、劍橋大學以外的其他地方性二流大學。因其建筑主要是紅磚砌成，不像牛津、劍橋大學的建筑均為古色古香的石塊所建成，故得此名。）51amplification（增詞）amplificationisonlyusedundertheconditionthatversioncannotbeaccuratelyunderstoodwithoutadditionalwords.Generallyspeaking,followingsituationsaresuitablefortranslatorstoemployamplification:tomeetgrammarrequesttoclarifymeaningtomeetdictionrequest

52TomeetgrammarrequestInEnglish,thereisno量詞,the量詞shouldbemadeupaccordingtoChineseexpression.Eg:ahorse一匹馬abook一本書amartialmusic一首軍樂曲

53Totheeastandthesouthafaintpinkisspreading.東南方呈現一抹淺紅，正在向遠處擴展。Itwasalsoalimitedengagement.這也是一樁有時間限制的婚約。54InEnglishverbs,therearechangesoftense,aspect,mood,whereasnosuchchangesoccurinChineseverbs.Therefore,somewordsindicatingtense,aspect,ormoodshouldbeaddedtocompletelyconveytheoriginalmeaning.55Britain’srailwaysystemisbeingimproved.英國的鐵路系統正日益完善。Englishproseiselaborateratherthansimple.Itwasnotalwaysso.現今英國散文華巧而欠簡樸，過去卻并非總是如此。56InEnglishcountablenounshavesingularandpluralforms,whileinChinese,nosuchforms.Duringtranslation,additionalwordsshouldbeusedtoconveythesingularorpluralmeaningoforiginal.Thelionisthekindofanimals.獅子是百獸之王。57Isawbubblesrisingfromunderthewater.我看見一個個水泡從水下升起。Disappearancesoccurredwithapparentlyincreasinglyfrequency….失蹤事件接二連三地發生，顯然越來越頻繁……58ToclarifymeaningDuringtranslating,translatorsoftenaddsomesuitableverbs,adjectivesoradverbstoclearlytransferoriginalmeaning.Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability.讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長才。（增補動詞）59WhenIcametoIwasinthewater,swimmingautomatically,thoughIwasabouttwothirdsdrowned.當我清醒過來時，發覺自己在水里，雖然浸得半死，卻本能地浮著。（增補動詞，原文雖沒有“發覺“，但譯者根據上下文增補了它，使譯文意思更加明確邏輯更加清晰。）60Theseearlycarswereslow,clumsy,andinefficient.這些早期的汽車速度緩慢，行動笨拙，效率不高。（譯文中在形容詞前分別加上了三個名詞，即使譯文意思明確，又使它形成四字詞組，勻稱整齊。）61Tomeetdictionrequest

Tomakethetranslatedversionmorevivid,smoothordistinct,itisnecessarysometimestorepeatsomewordsoraddsomesuitabledescriptivewords,transitionalwords,generalwords,duplicatedwords(重疊詞)62Poorlittletenderheart!Andsoitgoesonhopingandbeating,andlongingandtrusting.可憐這溫柔的小姑娘，一顆心抖簌簌地跳個不停，她左盼又盼，一直想念情人，對他深信不疑。（譯文并沒有將“hopingandbeating”簡單地譯為“盼望著、跳動著”，而是增加了一些描述性的詞語來描寫少女思念情人的心情，使人如見其人、如聽其聲，產生了一種可觸可摸的立體感覺。）63Peopleusenaturalsciencetounderstandandchangenature.人們利用自然科學去了解自然，改造自然。（重復賓語）64Omission（減詞）Omissionreferstoomitthewordsneededinoriginal,notintranslatedversion.Theomittedwordswillmaketheversionredundantifretainedinthetargetlanguage.

65FromtheperspectiveofgrammarThereisagreatdifferenceingrammarbetweenEnglishandChinese.Forexample,therearearticlesinEnglish,butitisnottrueofChinese.Englishstresseshypotaxis(形合)withconjunctivesbeingmore，whileChineseemphasesparataxis(意合)withconjunctivesbeingfewer.Thereforearticles,conjunctives,prepositionsandpronounscanbeomittedinordertomaketheversionsmoothandbrief.66Thecityhasadensemanufacturingpopulation.這個城市有稠密的工業人口。Iknowmyfriendsfromthefeeloftheirfaces.我靠觸摸臉龐來辨認朋友。

67Iframedthewordsinmymind:“Pardonme,buthaveIdonesomethingtooffendyou?”我心理在嘀咕：“對不起，我有什么舉止行為冒犯你了嗎？”

Asitislate,letusgotobed.不早啦，睡吧！68FromtheperspectiveofdictionSomewordsareindispensableinEnglish,butitisnottrueofChinese.Tomaketheversionbriefandconcise,thesewordsneededinoriginalshouldbeomittedintargetlanguage.Theproblemofalternativefuelsofvehicleisoneproblemweshallapproach.車輛的代用燃料是我們將要研究的一個問題

69Herdarkeyesmadelittlereflectedstars.Shewaslookingathimasshewasalwayslookingathimwhenheawakened.她那雙烏黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在閃爍，他平素醒來的時候，他也是這樣望著他。（此句中有兩個“shewaslookingathim”,如不作省略而譯為“她像平常那樣望著她一樣望著他”，漢語就顯得羅嗦重復，佶屈聱牙。）70Shiftofperspective

Thereareagreatvarietyofshiftforms:(1)shiftof