語言學(xué)智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年山東農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院AdiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintimeLanguageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalledadiachronicstudyoflanguage.()

答案:錯(cuò)Syntaxisthestudyofmeaning.()

答案:錯(cuò)Blendingisaproductivewayofword-formations.()

答案:錯(cuò)AmericanStructuralismisabranchofdiachroniclinguisticsthatemergedindependentlyintheUnitedStatesatthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.()

答案:錯(cuò)Atextisbestregardedasasemanticunit:aunitnotofformbutofmeaning,whichisnotcomposedofsentencesbutirealizedinsentences.

()

答案:對(duì)EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot..

（）

答案:錯(cuò)Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.()

答案:錯(cuò)Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby"copying"afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.()

答案:對(duì)Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.()

答案:對(duì)Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.()

答案:錯(cuò)Chomskymadeadistinctionbetweentwolevelsofstructures:surfaceanddeepstructures.()

答案:對(duì)Contentwordsusuallyincludenoun,verb,adjectiveandadverb.()

答案:對(duì)VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.()

答案:錯(cuò)Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor________.()

答案:phoneme“CanIborrowyourbike?”________“youhaveabike.”()

答案:presupposesInthefollowingpairsofwords,________areapairofcomplementaryantonyms.()

答案:buyandsellTheutterance"We'realreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdaysaweek"obviouslyviolatesthemaximof________.()

答案:qualityThephrase"themanaboutwhomI'vebeentalking."belongtothe______Construction.()

答案:endocentricTheconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures.()

答案:voiceless,labiodental,fricativeLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman________.()

答案:communicationAwordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled________word.()

答案:apolysemousThefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade”is_______.()

答案:informativeTheaffix“ish”inthewordboyishconveysa_________meaning.（）

答案:grammaticalIntermsofmorphemicanalysis,_________canbeviewedastheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.()

答案:derivationA________maybeanounornounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.()

答案:subjectTherulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewwordarecalled__________rule.()

答案:morphologicalInthephrasestructurerule"S—>NP+VP",thearrowcanbereadas"________".()

答案:consistsofNouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas________.()

答案:lexicalwordsMajorlexicalcategoriesareopencategories.()

答案:對(duì)"Kickedtheball"isanexocentricconstruction.（）

答案:對(duì)Intermsofstruture,sentencescanbeclassifiedintosimplesentencesandnon-simplesentencesandnon-simplesentencescanbefurtherdividedintocompoundsentencesandcomplexsentences.()

答案:對(duì)Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.()

答案:錯(cuò)Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Clausecanbeclassifiedintofiniteandnonfiniteclauses,thelatterincludingthetraditionalinfinitivephrase,participialphrase,andgerundialphrase.()

答案:對(duì)Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.()

答案:對(duì)Theverb"ate"andthenounphrase"anapple"aretheimmediateconstituentsoftheverbphrase"ateanapple".()

答案:對(duì)Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.()

答案:錯(cuò)HallidayistherepresentativeofTGgrammar.()

答案:錯(cuò)[i:],[i],[u:],[u]areallhighvowels.

（）

答案:對(duì)InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncelongvowelssuchas/i:/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.()

答案:對(duì)Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.()

答案:對(duì)Polysemyreferstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.()

答案:對(duì)InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.()

答案:錯(cuò)Wecanalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.()

答案:錯(cuò)Clippingisaprocessofforminganewword,whichinvolvestheshorteningofanexistinglongerword.(）

答案:對(duì)“Young”and“old”aregradableantonyms.()

答案:對(duì)Sapir-WhorfHypothesissuggeststhatourlanguagehelpsmoldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeakers’uniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.()

答案:對(duì)Sociolinguisticsisconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.()

答案:對(duì)Theapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled________.()

答案:AppliedLinguistics“Long”and“short”are________.()

答案:gradableantonymsThe________is/arethemostflexibleofallthespeechorgans.()

答案:tongueNarrowtranscriptionisthephonetictranscriptionwith_____.()

答案:diariticsWhichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?()

答案:[a:]Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe________becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeaker'sintention.()

答案:illocutionaryactA________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.()

答案:frontAwayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeaturesis________.()

答案:componentialanalysisThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis________.()

答案:arbitraryPredictionanalysisisawaytoanalyze________meaning.()

答案:SentencePaulGriceputforward________.()

答案:Cooperativeprinciple________arewordsthatarecloseinmeaning.()

答案:SynonymsModernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas________.()

答案:secondary________acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.()

答案:SpeechThesound/k/is________.()

答案:voicelessvelarstop________isoftendescribedas"fatherofmodernlinguistics".()

答案:SaussureF.deSaussurethinks________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.（）

答案:langueTGgrammarhasseen________stagesofdevelopment.()

答案:five________isadvancedbyJohnAustin.()

答案:SpeechActTheoryThesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare________sounds.()

答案:voicelessFirthisarepresentativeof________.

()

答案:TheLondonSchoolMalinowskidistinguishedthreetypesofcontextofsituation:(1)situationsinwhichspeechinterrelateswithbodilyactivity;(2)narrativesituations;and(3)situationsinwhichspeechisusedtofillaspeechvacuum--PHATICCOMMUNION.()

答案:對(duì)BloomfieldisarepresentativeofAmericanStructuralism.()

答案:對(duì)ThemostimportantcontributionofthePragueSchooltolinguisticsisthatitseeslanguageintermsof__________.()

答案:function__________isthefounderofTransformationalGenerativeGrammar.（）

答案:ChomskyThestrongversionofSapir-WhorfHypothesisisbetterthantheweakversion.()

答案:錯(cuò)Rogers'tripartitemodelincludesthefollowingsexcept________.()

答案:trytomeetalltheneedsofotherpersonsAperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.()

答案:錯(cuò)Whichofthefollowingsisnotavariablethatconstrainourspeechbehavior?()

答案:classWhichoneisnotthefeatureofawomenregisterinAmericanEnglish?()

答案:Womenusemorepowerfulcursewords.Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.（）

答案:conversationalimplicaturesWhatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.（）

答案:context__________isadvancedbyPaulGrice（）

答案:CooperativePrincipleSpeechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.（）

答案:inthelate50’softhe20thecentury__________istheactofsayingsomething.（）

答案:AlocutionaryactLinguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.()

答案:對(duì)Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalledsuperorndinate.()

答案:對(duì)Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled______________.（）

答案:synonyms___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.（）

答案:Homonymy“Alive”and“dead”are______________.（）

答案:complementaryantonymsAnounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.()

答案:對(duì)Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.()

答案:錯(cuò)Thephrase“abeautifulboy”belongsto__________construction.()

答案:endocentricThesentencestructureis________.()

答案:bothlinearandhierarchicalTherelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.()

答案:對(duì)Alexemecanbeunderstoodasafamilyofwordsthatdifferonlyintheirgrammaticalendings,forexampletheendingsfornumber,case,tense,participleform,etc.（）

答案:對(duì)Back-formationisaproductivewayofword-formations.（）。

答案:錯(cuò)Inmostcases,prefixeschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffixeschangetheword-classofthebase.（）。

答案:對(duì)Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby_________（）。

答案:blendingInEnglish,-iseand-tionarecalled_______（）。

答案:suffixesAnaspira