March18,2011外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院IntegratedEnglishVI綜合英語(yǔ)VITeacher:LüWenpeng〔呂文澎〕Unit3THESUBWAYTomWolfe1Inaway,ofcourse,thesubwayisthelivingsymbolofallthataddsuptolackofstatusinNewYork.Thereisasenseofmadnessanddisorientationatalmosteveryexpressstop.Theceilingsarelow,thevistasar2Theundergroundspacesseemtoattracteveryeccentricpassion.AsmallandancientmanwithaBible,anAmericanflagandamegaphonehauntsthesubwaysofManhattan.HeopenstheBibleandquotesfromitinastrongbutoldandmonotonousvoice.Heusesthemegaphoneatexpressstops,wherethenoiseistoogreatforhisvoicetobeheardordinarily,andcallsforredemption.3Alsobeggars.AndamongthebeggarsNewYork’sstatuscompetitionisrenewed,thereinthemuch-despisedsubway.OntheSeventhAvenueIRTlinethecompetitionismaniacal.Someeveningsthebeggarsricochetoffoneanotherbetweenstops,callingoneanother-----sand----sandtellingeachothertogofindtheirown----car.Amereblindmanwithacaneandacupisamediocrebusiness.Whatisdemandedisentertainment.Twoboys,oneofthemwithabongodrum,getonandthebigboy,withthedrum,startsbeatingonitassoonasthetrainstartsup,andthelittleboygoesintowhatpassesforanativedance.Then,ifthereisroom,hegoesintoatumblingact.Herunsfromoneendofthecar,firstinthedirectionthetrainisgoing,anddoesacompletesomersaultintheair,landingonhisfeet.Thenherunsbacktheotherwayanddoesasomersaultintheair,onlythistimeagainstthemotionofthetrain.Hedoesthisseveraltimesbothways,doingsomenativedancinginbetween.Thisacttakessolongthatitcanbedoneproperlyonlyoveralongstretch,suchastherunbetween42ndStreetand72ndStreet.Aftertheactisover,theboyspassalongthecarwithDixiecups,askingforcontributions.4TheDixiecupistheconventionalcontainer.ThereisoneyoungNegroontheSeventhAvenuelinewhousedtogetonat42ndStreetandstartsingingasong,“IWishThatIWereMarried.”Hewasyoungandlooksperfectlyhealthy.Buthewouldgetonandsingthissong,”IWishThatIWereMarried,”atthetopofhislungsandthenpullaDixiecupoutfromunderthewindbreakerhealwaysworeandwalkupanddownthecarwaitingforcontributions.Ineversawhimgetacent.Lately,however,lifehasimprovedforhimbecausehehasbeguntounderstandstatuscompetition.Nowhegetsonandsings”IWishThatIWereMarried,”onlywhenheopensuphiswindbreaker,henotonlytakesoutaDixiecupbutrevealsacardboardsign,onwhichiswritten:“MYMOTHERHASMULTIPLESCHLERROSSISANDIAMBLINDINONEEYE.”Hisbesttouchissclerosis,whichhehasaddedeveryconceivableconsonantto,creatingagood,intimidatingGermanphysiology-textbooksolidity.Sotodayhedoesmuchbetter.Heseemstomakealiving.Heisnoidler,lollygaggerorbum.Hecanlookwithcondescensionuponthestatestowhichmenfall.5OntheEastSideIRTsubwayline,forexample,at86thStreet,thetrainstopsandeveryonecomessqueezingoutofthecarsinclotsandthereonabenchinthegray-greengloom,underthegirdersand1905tiles,isanoldmanslouchedbackfastasleep,wearingacottonwindbreakerwiththesleevespulledoff.Thatisallheiswearing.HisskinisthecolorofcongealedWheatenalacedwithpocketlint.Hislegsarecrossedinagentlemanlyfashionandhiskindlyjuice-headfaceissloppedoveronthebackofthebench.Apparently,otherwinos,whoarenotoriousthievesamongoneanother,hadstrippedhimofallhisclothesexcepthiswindbreaker,whichtheyhadtriedtopulloffhim,butonlymanagedtoripthesleevesoff,andlefthimtherepassedoutonthebenchandnaked,butinagentlemanlyposture.Everyonestaresathimbriefly,athiscongealedWheatena-and-lintcarcass,butnoonebreaksstride,andwhoknowshowlongitwillbebeforefinallytwopolicemenhavetocomeinandholdtheirbreathandscrapehimupoutofthegloomandintothebosomofthelaw,fromwhichhewillemergewithasetofgreenfatigues,atleast,andanhonorableseatatnightonthesubwaybench.From:T.S.KaneandL.J.Peters,pp.318-320.Pre-reading讀前Linesforrecitation:ll.23-33“Amereblindmanwithacaneandacupisamediocrebusiness.Whatisdemandedisentertainment.Twoboys,oneofthemwithabongodrum,getonandthebigboy,withthedrum,startsbeatingonitassoonasthetrainstartsup,andthelittleboygoesintowhatpassesforanativedance.Then,ifthereisroom,hegoesintoatumblingact.Herunsfromoneendofthecar,firstinthedirectionthetrainisgoing,anddoesacompletesomersaultintheair,landingonhisfeet.Thenherunsbacktheotherwayanddoesasomersaultintheair,onlythistimeagainstthemotionofthetrain.Hedoesthisseveraltimesbothways,doingsomenativedancinginbetween.Thisacttakessolongthatitcanbedoneproperlyonlyoveralongstretch,suchastherunbetween42ndStreetand72ndStreet.Aftertheactisover,theboyspassalongthecarwithDixiecups,askingforcontributions.”Lead-in▲AuthorTHESUBWAYTomWolfeTomWolfe(ThomasK.Wolfe,Jr.,1931-)TheAuthor—TomWolfe(ThomasK.Wolfe,Jr.,1931-),U.S.author,isoneofthenewjournalists,whowrite,likejournalists,aboutthepeople,theplaces,andtheeventofthecontemporaryworld,butwhowritewiththeimagination,thepersonalvision,andtherhetoricalflairwhichisusuallyassociatedwiththecreativewriter.Wolfe’swritingsappearinmagazinessuchasConfidentialandHarper’sBazaar.Wolfe,likeanygoodreporter,observescloselyfromaparticularangleofvision—oftensatiric—andheprojectswhathefeelsandthinksintohisdescriptionbythedetailsheselectstoshowusandthewordshechoosestodescribethem.Hisworksinclude:TheKandy-KoloredTangerine-FlakeStreamlineBaby(1965),NewJournalism(1973),andInOurTime(1980).▲TitleTHESUBWAYundergroundrailwaydifferenceamong“subway,tubeandmetro”?Subway:Am.E.Tube:Br.E.Metro:EuropeanbigcitiesSubwaysareavailableinsomeofthebigcitiesinChina.TheauthordescribesthesubwayinN.Y.MapofNewYorkMostpartof.isonthemainlandoftheUSA.Manhattan,anisland,ispartofN.Y.betweenthemainlandandManhattantherearesubwaysBeggarsandthievescouldbefoundnearlyineverycityintheworld.CitieslikeLanzhouorNewYorkGroupdiscussion:BeggarsandthievesSomebeggarsaresittingonthegroundandwaitingforcontributions,andothersmoveaboutandbegforcontributions.Howcouldabeggargetcontributionsasmanyaspossible?Whatarethebeggingstrategies/skills?Dobeggars/thievescompete/fightagainsteachother?Why?wino(l.54):onewhoisaddictedtowine/alcohol(pl.winos)〔美俚〕酒鬼，醉漢Sometimesawinoliesonthestreetandlosesconsciousness.Whatwouldhappentothewinoifnobodytakeshimhome?Thinkofasmanypossibilitiesaspossible.Somebeggarsaresittingonthegroundandwaitingforcontributions,andothersmoveaboutandbegforcontributions.Howcouldabeggargetcontributionsasmanyaspossible?Whatarethebeggingstrategies/skills?Makeuseofpeople’ssympathy.2typesofbeggars:realandunreal.Streetactors/entertainers/performers(街頭藝人).《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)報(bào)》2009年12月10日早報(bào)男子表演眼噴牛奶來(lái)自山東的街頭藝人張映敏日前在南京街頭表演了讓人瞠目結(jié)舌的絕技，他用鼻子吸入一些牛奶，然后一勁，這些牛奶竟然又從眼睛里噴射而出，最遠(yuǎn)可噴射兩米。不僅如此，張映敏還可以同時(shí)用眼睛和耳朵吹氣球。Dec.10,ChinaDailyMobileNewsMansquirtsmilkoutofeyeZhangYingmin,astreetentertainerfromShandong,wowedonlookerswithhisimpressivestuntinNanjingwhenhesquirtedmilkoutofhiseyesafter”drinking”itthroughhisnose.Hecanshoottheliquidupto2m.Andnotcontentwiththat,heblewupaballoonwithanear,whileinflatinganotheronewithhiseyeatthesametime.Dobeggars/thievescompete/fightagainsteachother?Why?Forspottingeachother(爭(zhēng)奪地盤).Astreetisoftendivideintoseveralsectionsbybeggarsorthieves.Onebeggar/thiefmanagesonesection.Onebeggar/thiefisnotallowedtobeg/stealinthesectionsofothers.He/shecan’wino(l.54):onewhoisaddictedtowine/alcohol(pl.winos)〔美俚〕酒鬼，醉漢Sometimesawinoliesonthestreetandlosesconsciousness.Whatwouldhappentothewinoifnobodytakeshimhome?Thinkofasmanypossibilitiesaspossible.Hewouldberobbed.Robberstakeawayhismoney,ortakeoffhisclothes.Policemanwouldtakehimtothepolicestation.While-reading讀時(shí)THESUBWAYTomWolfe1Inaway,ofcourse,thesubwayisthelivingsymbolofallthataddsuptolackofstatusinNewYork.Thereisasenseofmadnessanddisorientationatalmosteveryexpressstop.Theceilingsarelow,thevistasarelong,therearenolandmarks,thelightningisaneerie[`iri]blendoffluorescent[.flu`resnt]tubing,electriclightbulbsandneon[`ni:n]advertising.Thewholeplaceisaglossa`ssaultonthesenses.Thenoiseofthetrainsstoppingorroundingcurveshasahigh-pitchedharshnessthatisdifficulttodescribe.Peoplefeelnoqualmsaboutpushingwheneveritbecomescrowded.Your`tactilesensetakesacrucifyingyouneverdreamedpossible.Theodors[`uds]becomeunbearablewhentheweatheriswarm.Betweenplatforms,recordshopsbroadcast45r.p.m.recordswith`metallictonesandlunchcountersservethekindofhotdogsinwhichyoubitethrougha`tensile,rubberysurfaceandthenhitasoft,oleaginous[.uli`aedgins]centerlikecottonseedmeal,andthecustomerssittherewithpastry[-ei-]andbreadflakescakedaroundtheirmouths,belchingtothemselvessothattheircheekspopoutflatulently[`flaetju:lntli]1Inaway〔=inoneway=insomeways,toacertainextent從某種程度上，從某種意義上講〕,ofcourse,thesubwayistheliving〔鮮活的，活生生的〕symbolofallthataddsupto〔thosewhoare〕lackofstatus(tobeinlowsocialposition)inNewYork(TheNewYorksubwayistheveryindicationthatthosewhotakethesubwayhavealowsocialposition/whoarepoor.Therich/peoplewithahighsocialpositionhaveprivatecars,&seldomtakethesubway.).Thereisasenseofmadnessanddisorientation〔confusion〕atalmosteveryexpressstop(快車車站amajorrapidtransit運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)輸線stopwhere“expresstrains”stop,ascontrastedtoa“l(fā)ocalstop”大站wherealltrainsstop)ParaphrasingIntheNewYorksubwaysystem,weoftenfindmanyexamplesoflow-classbehavior(beggars,winos,etc.).T在紐約的地鐵中，我們常常可以親眼目睹紐約社會(huì)下層人士的舉止品行。紐約地鐵混亂無(wú)序，在每個(gè)大站，乘客們都狂亂地穿行著。Theceilingsarelow,thevistas〔[`vist]展望；路景views/sights/outlooks〕arelong(一眼望不到頭),therearenolandmarks〔路標(biāo)〕,thelightingisaneerie([`iri]frightening,deathlike)blend(mixture/combination)offluorescent[flu`resnt]tubing(熒光燈),electriclightbulbsandneon[`ni:n]advertising(=aneonsign廣告霓虹燈/氖光燈).Thewholeplaceisagross(heavy/terrible)assault([`so:lt]suddenattack)onthesenses(5ofoursenses:hearing,smell,touch,sightandtaste).▲Howdoesaterribleplaceattackour5senses?5senses5organsImplicationabouttheN.Y.subwayhearingearnoisysmellnoseDirty,disgustingtouchBody(hands,legs,feet…)Thereisnoenoughroomforourbodies.Crowded.sighteyesit’sallinamess,confusion,poorly-organized一團(tuán)糟verydarktastetongueTerriblesmell,Dirty,disgustingParaphrasingThe.subwayisnotasfragrantasagarden,orasdeliciousasakitchen.Thewholeplacesickensusonallsenses.此情此景是在令人作嘔〔直譯〕。〔意譯，四字格：紐約地鐵骯臟齷齪，臭氣熏天，擁擠不堪，噪音喧天，混亂無(wú)序。〕Thenoiseofthetrainsstoppingorroundingcurves〔轉(zhuǎn)彎〕hasahigh-pitchedharshness〔聲調(diào)高的/尖聲的，刺耳的聲音〕thatisdifficulttodescribe.Peoplefeelnoqualms〔=uneasiness.Theydon’tfeeleasy./Theyarenotatease.〕aboutpushingwheneveritbecomescrowded.Yourtactilesense〔thesenseoftouch〕takesacrucifying([`kru:sifai-]torture/torment)youneverdreamedpossible.ParaphrasingYouarebumpedandpushedinthecrowd.Maybeyouhaveneverexpectedsuchaterriblesituation.在擁擠不堪的人群中，你被推來(lái)搡去，也許連做夢(mèng)你都沒(méi)想到自己會(huì)受這份洋罪。Theodors([`ud]smell)becomeunbearablewhentheweatheriswarm.Aphonograph金唱機(jī)唱機(jī)/留聲機(jī)RecordsofPhonographs唱片AhotdogBetweenplatforms,record〔唱片，textwaswrittenin1960s/1970s〕shopsbroadcast45r.p.m.records〔唱片的轉(zhuǎn)速為45圈/分鐘r.p.m.=revolutions旋轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)perminute.Itisameasureofthespeedofarecord.A45r.p.m.recordgoesroundinacircle45timesinaminute.〕withmetallic[m`telik]tones(harshsoundsproducedbymetals)andlunchcountersservethekindofhotdogs〔alongbreadrollwhichiscutalongthemiddleandhasacookedsausageinit〕inwhichyoubitethroughatensile([`tensail]e`lastic/flexible有彈性的),rubbery〔soft〕surfaceandthenhitasoft,oleaginous〔[.uli`edgins]oily/fatty〕centerlikecottonseedmeal〔棉籽粉〕,Cottonseedmealisahighprotein[`pruti:n]by-productfromtheextractionofoilfromwholecottonseed.棉籽粉是從棉籽油中提取的一種高蛋白物質(zhì)。Cottonseedmealisusedasaprotein[`pruti:n]supplementandcanreplaceallofthesoybeanmealintheration.棉籽粉可用來(lái)補(bǔ)充人體所需要的蛋白質(zhì)，可用來(lái)替代豆粉。andthecustomerssittherewithpastry([-ei-]cakes)andbreadflakes(thinpieces面包渣)caked〔coatthickly粘在嘴上〕aroundtheirmouths,belching(打嗝)tothemselvessothattheircheekspopout〔發(fā)出爆破聲〕flatulently([`fletju:lnt-]腸胃氣脹的withgasesfromthestomach)nowandthen.2Theundergroundspacesseemtoattracteveryeccentric[ik`sentrik]passion.AsmallandancientmanwithaBible,anAmericanflagandamegaphonehauntsthesubwaysofManhattan.HeopenstheBibleandquotesfromitinastrongbutoldandmonotonousvoice.Heusesthemegaphoneatexpressstops,wherethenoiseistoogreatforhisvoicetobeheardordinarily,andcallsforre`demption.2Theundergroundspacesseemtoattracteveryeccentric([ik`sentrik]unusual)passion(=everypersonwitheccentricpassion).Asmallandancientman(veryoldman.Ancientisusedhumorouslyhere.)withaBible,anAmericanflagandamegaphonehaunts(go/visitfrequently)thesubwaysofManhattan(Manhattan—oneoftheboroughs[`bAr]紐約市五個(gè)行政區(qū)之一ofNewYorkCitythatcontainstheleadingbankingandcommercialorganizationsofthecity,aswellasfashionandartcenters,thechieftheatricaldistrictoftheUnitedStates,wealthyresidentialsections,andsuchwell-knowndistrictsasBroadway,GreenwichVillage,Harlem,andWallStreet.).Unit8FiftheAnvenu,Uptown:ALetterfromHarlemPicturesofMTheStatueofLibertyontheLibertyI(屹立于紐約哈得遜河口自由島上的自由女神像)SkyscrapersinMaHeopenstheBibleandquotes(repeat/read)fromitinastrongbutoldandmonotonousvoice.Heusesthemegaphoneatexpressstops,wherethenoiseistoogreatforhisvoicetobeheardordinarily,andcallsforredemption([ri`demp-]forgiveness;areligiousterm贖罪，懺悔).3Alsobeggars.AndamongthebeggarsNewYork’sstatuscompetitionisrenewed,thereinthemuch-despisedsubway.OntheSeventhAvenueIRTlinethecompetitionismaniacal[m`naikl].Someeveningsthebeggarsricochet[`rikfet]offoneanotherbetweenstops,callingoneanother-----sand----sandtellingeachothertogofindtheirown----car.Amereblindmanwithacaneandacupisamediocre[`mi:diuk]business.Whatisdemandedisentertainment.Twoboys,oneofthemwithabongodrum,getonandthebigboy,withthedrum,startsbeatingonitassoonasthetrainstartsup,andthelittleboygoesintowhatpassesforanativedance.Then,ifthereisroom,hegoesintoatumblingact.Herunsfromoneendofthecar,firstinthedirectionthetrainisgoing,anddoesacomplete`somersaultintheair,landingonhisfeet.Thenherunsbacktheotherwayanddoesa`somersaultintheair,onlythistimeagainstthemotionofthetrain.Hedoesthisseveraltimesbothways,doingsomenativedancinginbetween.Thisacttakessolongthatitcanbedoneproperlyonlyoveralongstretch,suchastherunbetween42ndStreetand72ndStreet.Aftertheactisover,theboyspassalongthecarwithDixiecups,askingforcontributions.3Alsobeggars.(incomplete/ellipticalsentence.“Theundergroundspacesseemtoattractalsobeggars.”)AndamongthebeggarsNewYork’sstatuscompetition(strugglingtoachieveamoredesirablesocialposition)isrenewed(beginsagain),thereinthemuch-despised([dis`paized]much-hated)subway.OntheSeventhAvenueIRTline(theInter-boroughRapidTransitline區(qū)間〔行政區(qū)之間的〕高速直達(dá)線)thecompetitionismaniacal〔[m`naikl]crazy〕.Someeveningsthebeggarsricochetoff([`rikfet]jumpup,bounceoff)oneanotherbetweenstops,callingoneanother-----sand----sandtellingeachothertogofindtheirown----car(Theblanksstandforob`scene猥褻的，淫猥的；淫蕩的cursewordsorswearwordsthatareunfitforprintingout.).ParaphrasingTheundergroundspacesseemtoattractalsobeggars.InNewYork’smuch-hatedsubway,beggarsfight/competeagainstoneanother.Onthe7thavenueIRTline,thebeggarscompetecrazily.Someeveningsthebeggarsspoteachotherbetweenstops.W人們?cè)购藜~約地鐵，但它似乎對(duì)乞丐也有吸引力。乞丐們?cè)谶@里互相爭(zhēng)斗。在第七大街的區(qū)間〔行政區(qū)之間的〕高速直達(dá)線上，乞丐們瘋狂爭(zhēng)斗。晚上，乞丐們有時(shí)互爭(zhēng)地盤，警告對(duì)方不許越雷池一步，一邊爭(zhēng)斗，一邊辱罵，污言穢語(yǔ)，不堪入耳。Amere〔單單的，只，不過(guò)〕blindmanwithacane〔walkingstick〕andacupisamediocrebusiness([`mi:diuk]common/ordinaryimage).ParaphrasingAblindmanwithacaneandacupisthetypicalimageofabeggar.Thesightistoocommontoattractanyattention.Or:atypicalbeggaralwaysbringsacaneandacup.It’stoocommon.Nobodypaysanyattentiontoit.Whatisdemandedisentertainment.bongo[(非洲)大羚羊]drums〔拉丁美洲和非洲音樂(lè)中的〕小手鼓(Bongodrum—eitherofapairofsmalldrumsplayed/beatenwiththehands)Twoboys,oneofthemwithabongodrum(Bongodrum—eitherofapairofsmalldrumsplayedwiththehands),geton(thesubway/train)andthebigboy,withthedrum,startsbeatingonitassoonasthetrainstartsup,andthelittleboygoesinto(beginstodance)whatpassesfor(whatisconsideredtobe)anativedance.makeatumblingact=cut/make/throw/turnsomersaults[`sAmso:lt]翻筋斗Acarinthesubway地鐵車廂Then,ifthereisroom,hegoesintoatumblingact(翻筋斗,打滾，翻滾).Herunsfromoneendofthecar,firstinthedirectionthetrainisgoing,anddoesacompletesomersault(=makeatumblingact.[`sAmso:lt]cut/make/throw/turnsomersaults翻筋斗)intheair(3600空翻),landingonhisfeet〔雙腳落地〕.Thenherunsbacktheotherwayanddoesasomersaultintheair,onlythistimeagainstthemotionofthetrain.Hedoesthisseveraltimesbothways,doingsomenativedancinginbetween〔前滾翻、后滾翻，一會(huì)順著地鐵行進(jìn)的方向，一會(huì)又逆著地鐵的方向〕.Thisact〔theperformance=thetumblingact/thesomersault+dance〕takessolongthatitcanbedoneproperlyonlyoveralongstretch〔=onalongride長(zhǎng)途〕,suchastherunbetween42ndStreetand72ndStreet.Aftertheactisover,theboyspassalongthecarwithDixiecups(papercupusedforbeverages,icecream,etc.),askingforcontributions.Dixiecups4TheDixiecupistheconventionalcontainer.ThereisoneyoungNegroontheSeventhAvenuelinewhousedtogetonat42ndStreetandstartsingingasong,“IWishThatIWereMarried.”Hewasyoungandlooksperfectlyhealthy.Buthewouldgetonandsingthissong,“IWishThatIWereMarried,”atthetopofhislungsandthenpullaDixiecupoutfromunderthewindbreakerhealwaysworeandwalkupanddownthecarwaitingforcontributions.Ineversawhimgetacent.Lately,however,lifehasimprovedforhimbecausehehasbeguntounderstandstatuscompetition.Nowhegetsonandsings“IWishThatIWereMarried,”onlywhenheopensuphiswindbreaker,henotonlytakesoutaDixiecupbutrevealsacardboardsign,onwhichiswritten:“MYMOTHERHASMULTIPLESCHLERROSSIS[skli`rusis]ANDIAMBLINDINONEEYE.”Hisbesttouchissclerosis[skli`rusis],whichhehasaddedeveryconceivable[-si:-]consonantto,creatingagood,in`timidatingGermanphysiology-textbookso`lidity.Sotodayhedoesmuchbetter.Heseemstomakealiving.Heisnoidler,`lollygaggerorbum.Hecanlookwithcondescension[kondi`senfn]uponthestatestowhichmenfall.AyoungNegroAyoungNegrowithwindbreaker穿風(fēng)衣的年輕黑人4TheDixiecupistheconventionalcontainer.ThereisoneyoungNegroontheSeventhAvenuelinewhousedtogetonat42ndStreetandstartsingingasong,“IWishThatIWereMarried.”Hewasyoungandlooksperfectlyhealthy.Buthewouldgetonandsingthissong,”IWishThatIWereMarried,”atthetopofhislungs(metaphor,sing/cryasloudlyashecould)andthenpullaDixiecupoutfromunderthewindbreakerhealwaysworeandwalkupanddownthecarwaitingforcontributions.Ineversawhimgetacent.Lately,however,lifehasimprovedforhimbecausehehasbeguntounderstandstatuscompetition(fightingtoachieveahighersocialposition).Nowhe(=ayoungnegrobeggarinthesubway)getsonandsings”IWishThatIWereMarried,”onlywhenheopensuphiswindbreaker,henotonlytakesoutaDixiecupbutrevealsacardboardsign,onwhichiswritten:“MYMOTHERHASMULTIPLESCHLERROSSIS[skli`rusis]ANDIAMBLINDINONEEYE.”(Multiplesschlerrossis(=sclerosis[skli`rusis])硬化癥。多加了三個(gè)輔音字母，在這個(gè)詞所有可能的地方都加了輔音—Eitheroutofignoranceoroutofanintentiontoattractpeople’sattention,theyoungblackmanhasmisspelttheword”sclerosis.”And,withtongueincheek,theauthordescribesthemisspeltwordasanattention-catchingfrighteningGermantermwithanexcessiveuseoflettersofconsonantsounds,asthefollowingsentenceindicates.)Hisbesttouchissclerosis[skli`rusis],whichhehasaddedeveryconceivable([kn`si:vbl]imaginable/possible/thinkable)consonantto,creatingagood(=effective),intimidating([in`timideiting]terrible/frightening)Germanphysiology-textbooksolidity〔[s`liditi]reliability〕〔averyeffectivesolidityintroduced/describedinGermanphysiology-textbook〕(=intheGermanphysiology-textbook,theauthordescribeshowterriblethedisease(=sclerosis[skli`rusis])is.很可怕的德文生理學(xué)教科書(shū)上所表述的那種信任感。也許德文生理學(xué)教科書(shū)介紹了這種硬化癥有多么可怕。).他的這成功的/絕妙的一筆就創(chuàng)造出了一種信任感。德文生理學(xué)教科書(shū)上也許在描述硬化癥有多么可怕，人們一看到“硬化癥”這個(gè)詞，可能會(huì)談/見(jiàn)虎色變，就會(huì)相信這小伙子真的有這么可憐；加之其中的單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，說(shuō)明他文化水平不高。MYMOTHERHASMULTIPLESCHLERROSSIS[skli`rusis]ANDIAMBLINDINONEEYE.我媽媽得了硬化癥，我一只眼失明。看到這種可憐相，人們當(dāng)然會(huì)慷慨解囊，給他施舍一些。Sotodayhedoesmuchbetter.Heseemstomakealiving.Heisnoidler(懶人；游手好閑者),lollygagger(lollygagvi.〔美口〕浪費(fèi)時(shí)間；閑游浪蕩;lollygagger=onewhofoolsround愚弄者/蒙蔽玩弄?jiǎng)e人者)orbum〔=idler〕.Hecanlookwithcondescension([kondi`senfn]高高在上的態(tài)度anattitudewithsuperiority)uponthestates〔ofbeingbums〕towhichmenfall.士別三日，當(dāng)刮目相看。這位年輕的黑人已今非昔比。如今他已有了謀生之道。他不再游手好閑，愚弄?jiǎng)e人。他鄙視那些貧困潦倒、淪落街頭的人。ParaphrasingSincehehasimprovedhisbeggingskill,thesituationoftheyoungblackmanhasbeenchanged.Peopletendtogivehimmoney.Heisnolongeralollygaggerorabum,i.e.hehasajob.Nowhelooksdownuponthosewhohaveunfortunatelybecomebums,i.e.nowheisself-satisfied.Questionsabout(theauthortellsthestoryofyoungblackbeggar):4TheDixiecupistheconventionalcontainer.ThereisoneyoungNegroontheSeventhAvenuelinewhousedtogetonat42ndStreetandstartsingingasong,“IWishThatIWereMarried.”Hewasyoungandlooksperfectlyhealthy.Buthewouldgetonandsingthissong,”IWishThatIWereMarried,”atthetopofhislungsandthenpullaDixiecupoutfromunderthewindbreakerhealwaysworeandwalkupanddownthecarwaitingforcontributions.Ineversawhimgetacent.Lately,however,lifehasimprovedforhimbecausehehasbeguntounderstandstatuscompetition.Nowhegetsonandsings”IWishThatIWereMarried,”onlywhenheopensuphiswindbreaker,henotonlytakesoutaDixiecupbutrevealsacardboardsign,onwhichiswritten:“MYMOTHERHASMULTIPLESCHLERROSSISANDIAMBLINDINONEEYE.”Hisbesttouchissclerosis,whichhehasaddedeveryconceivableconsonantto,creatingagood,intimidatingGermanphysiology-textbooksolidity.Sotodayhedoesmuchbetter.Heseemstomakealiving.Heisnoidler,lollygaggerorbum.Hecanlookwithcondescensionuponthestatestowhichmenfall.Questionsabout(theauthortellsthestoryofyoungblackbeggar):2partsinpar.4.Whereisthedividingpoint?Whyhastheyoungblackman’ssituationbeenchanged?Answers:2partsinpar.4.Whereisthedividingpoint?l.40“however”PThepastoftheyoungblackbeggar.Hewasyoungandhealthy.Hewouldgetonthetrainandsingasloudlyashecould,buthenevergotacent.Therewerenocontributionsforhim.PThepresentsituationoftheyoungblackbeggar.Hislifehasbeenimproved.Heseemstomakealiving.Heisnolongeranidler,helooksdownuponthosebums.Whyhastheyoungblackman’ssituationbeenchanged?Becausehehaschanged/improvedhisbeggingstrategy/method.Hemakesagooduseofpeople’ssympathy.Onhiscardboard,whathewritesmeans“Mymotherisseriouslyill,andI’mblindinoneeye.”Hiswordsappealsto(呼吁，感染)people’ssympathy.Ordinarypeoplearedeeplymovedbythesympatheticsituationandcontributehim.5OntheEastSideIRTsubwayline,forexample,at86thStreet,thetrainstopsandeveryonecomessqueezingoutofthecarsinclotsandthereonabenchinthegray-greengloom,underthe`girdersand1905tiles,isanoldmanslouched[-au-]backfastasleep,wearingacottonwindbreakerwiththesleevespulledoff.Thatisallheiswearing.Hisskinisthecolorofcongealed[kn`dgi:l]Wheatena[`wi:tn]lacedwithpocketlint.Hislegsarecrossedinagentlemanlyfashionandhiskindlyjuice-headfaceissloppedoveronthebackofthebench.Apparently,otherwinos,whoarenotoriousthievesamongoneanother,hadstrippedhimofallhisclothesexcepthiswindbreaker,whichtheyhadtriedtopulloffhim,butonlymanagedtoripthesleevesoff,andlefthimtherepassedoutonthebenchandnaked,butinagentlemanlyposture.Everyonestaresathimbriefly,athiscongealed[kn`dgi:l][`wi:tn]Wheatena-and-lint`carcass,butnoonebreaksstride,andwhoknowshowlongitwillbebeforefinallytwopolicemenhavetocomeinandholdtheirbreath[-e-]andscrapehimupoutofthegloomandintothebosom[`buzm]ofthelaw,fromwhichhewillemergewithasetofgreenfa`tigues,atleast,andanhonorableseatatnightonthesubwaybench.From:T.S.KaneandL.J.Peters,pp.318-320.5OntheEastSideIRTsubwayline(theInter-boroughRapid`Transitline區(qū)間〔行政區(qū)之間的〕高速直達(dá)線),forexample〔？〕,at86thStreet,thetrainstopsandeveryonecomessqueezingoutofthecars(ofthesubway)inclots〔extremelycrowdedgroups〕andthereonabenchinthegray-greengloom,underthegirders(【建筑】縱梁，大梁，撐柱，大型工字梁)and1905tiles(【建筑】瓷磚，花磚；瓦1905titles—tileswhichwereputinasearlyas1905.HowoldistheNewYorksu