UNIT

3SectionA

AGoodHeart

toLeanon

1/53Whatdoyouthinkisa“goodheart”?2/533/53Whenwearefacewithaproblemthatweareunabletosolve,asimpleactofkindnessfromastrangermayprovideasolution,liftourspirits,andevenchangeourlives.Further,theiractionsmaygiveusanexampletofollowinourownlives.Evenwhenfacingpersonalproblemsofourown,weneedtochoosetomakeotherpeople’slivesbetterwithourcourage,imagination,andgenerosity.Weshouldliveourdailyliveswiththegoalofhelpingothers,andprovidesupportwithoutthinkingofourgains.Ifweliveourlivesinthisway,wewillfindthesatisfactionandpurposethatweseek.4/53Warm-upactivityThegoodlifeisoneinspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge.

--Russell

美好人生是由愛(ài)所激勵(lì)由知識(shí)所引導(dǎo)生活。--羅素

5/53Questions:1.Howdidthewriterfeeltobeseenwithhisfather

whenhewasyoung?Why?2.Whatdidthefatheralwayssaywhenhestartedoutwithhisson?EmbarrassedHisfatherwasseverelycrippled.setthepace,adjusttoTextunderstanding6/53Questions3.Whycangoingtoworkbeamatterofpride?4.Howdidthefathergotoworkwhentheweatherwasverybad?subway,despitenastyweather,sick,makeit,otherscouldnotwagon,clingto,tunnel,basementTextunderstanding7/53MainIdea

Inthistext,thewriterdescribeshisfarther.Hetellssomeofhisfather’sdailybehaviorandtheimportantthinghehaslearnedfromhisfather.8/53Questions:5.Wheredidthefatherwork?InanofficebuildingontopofasubwaystationinManhattan.

Textunderstanding9/536.Whatistheproperstandardtojudgepeoplebyaccordingtothewriternowthatheisgrownup?7.Whatactivitiesdidthefathermanagetotakepartin?8.Howdoesthewriterfeelabouthisfathernowafterhisfather’sdeath?10/53PartI(Para.1-5)Thesonwasembarrassedtobeseenwalkingwithhiscrippledfather,butthefathersubjectedhimselftotheshameandstresswithoutbitternessandcomplaint.Narrationinterspersedwithcomments(夾敘夾議)Mainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?PartIIPartIIIPartIVTextunderstanding11/53Narration:(Para.1-4)Thefather,severelycrippledandshort,hadtoputhishandontheson’sarmforbalancewhenhewalkedoutortobepulledonachild’swagonwithsteelrunnersthroughthestreetsofBrooklyntothesubwayentranceandthenpulledbackhomewhenhisworkdaywasover.Comments:(Para.5)Iamamazedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenforagrownmantosubjecthimselftosuchshameandstress…withoutbitternessandcomplaint.Textunderstanding12/53Para.6-76.Whatisaproperstandardtojudgepeople?Whatdoyouthinkisagoodheart?agoodheart

Textunderstanding13/53

PartII(Para.6-7)Thesonnowrealizesthathisfathertreatedotherswithagoodheart.Narrationinterspersedwithcomment(夾敘夾議).

Para.6：NarrationPara.7：CommentMainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?PartIPartIIIPartIVTextunderstanding14/53Para.8Example1:Example2:Ageneralpoint:Myfathertriedtoparticipateinmanyactivitiesinsomeway.keeptheteamgoingasamanagerliketogotodancesandpartiesTextunderstanding15/53Para.11Example3:Ageneralpoint:Inowknowheparticipatedinsomethingsthroughme,hisonlyson.Example1:Example2:visitedhisofficeplayedballjoinedtheNavyTextunderstanding16/53

PartIII(Para.8-11)Thefather’sattempttoexperiencethingsdirectlyandindirectlyMainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?Exemplification(舉例法)Generalstatement:St.1ofPara.8Examples:Para.8—11PartIVPartIIPartITextunderstanding17/53Para.12-13Whydoesthewriteroftenthinkofhisfather,nowthathisfatherhasbeendeadforsomanyyears?sorry,unworthy,regretted,trifles,fortune,agoodheartTextunderstanding18/53

PartIV(Para.12-13)Thefatherhasgonemanyyears,butthesonfeelsregretforhisreluctanceandreliesmuchmoreonhisfatherforhisbalanceofmind.Mainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?Inductionthroughintrospection(自省式歸納法）RhetoricaltechniquesPartIIIPartIIPartITextunderstanding19/53Euphemism（委婉）:

Myfatherhasbeengoneformanyyearsnow(line45).(“hasbeengone”isusedheretoreplace“hasbeendead”)Parallelism（平行結(jié)構(gòu)）:

IamsorryInevertoldhimhowsorryIwas,howunworthyIwas,howIregrettedit.(L.46)

IthinkofhimwhenIcomplainabouttrifles,whenIamenviousofanother’sgoodfortune,whenIdon’thavea“goodheart”(L.47)Repetition:

“Yousetthepace,Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.”(L51)(Therepetitionheregivesthereaderasenseofcontrast)Textunderstanding20/53假如他注意到這些或所以感到不安，他從不表露出來(lái)。1.Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,he

neverleton.(L3)Ifheatanytimenoticedorfelttroubledbythis,hewouldneverletanyoneseeorknowhowhefelt.Ever:a.慣用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和表示條件從句：從來(lái)b.用于表示比較從句中：曾經(jīng)c.用于特殊疑問(wèn)句：終究；到底；用任何方式Itisrainingharderthanever.Nothingevermakeshimangry.Whoevercanitbe?bacGrammar21/53 2.NowthatIamolder,Ibelievethatisaproperstandardbywhichtojudgepeople...(L26)howtodo;whattobuy;wheretogo;whentobegin現(xiàn)在我長(zhǎng)大成人，開(kāi)始相信這正是判斷一個(gè)人恰如其分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),……whichtojudge:疑問(wèn)詞+不定式e.g.我真不知道該說(shuō)什么。Ireallydon’tknowwhattosay.More:Grammar22/53Tipsfortranslatinglongsentences長(zhǎng)句:（1）修飾語(yǔ)多（2）并列成份多

（3）語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多1.找出全句主、謂、賓語(yǔ)，從整體上把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)。2.找出句中全部非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句引導(dǎo)詞。Translation23/533.分析從句和短語(yǔ)功效，比如，是否為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句等。4.分析詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間相互關(guān)系，比如，定語(yǔ)從句所修飾先行詞是哪一個(gè)。5.注意插入語(yǔ)等其它成份。6.注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配。Translation24/53Oncethere,①hewouldclingtohand-rail

②

untilhereachedthelowersteps③thatthe

warmertunnelairkeptfreeofice.(L15)

①hewouldclingtohand-rail②untilhereachedthelowersteps他就緊抓著地鐵通道口扶手/一直往下走/因?yàn)榈罔F空氣暖和，下面幾級(jí)臺(tái)階沒(méi)有冰雪。③thatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeoficeTranslation25/53 WhenIthinkofitnow,Ifeelgreatlysurprisedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenformyfathertoexperiencesuchshameandstress.(L20)Normally,whenyouclipthemodifiers(修飾語(yǔ)),youwillseethekeyidea.Amodifiercanbeaclause,prepositionalphrase,adverbialphrase,indefinitephraseetc.e.g.Ifeelgreatlysurprised.(thekeyidea)keyidea:Translation現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，我感到十分驚嘆。想他那樣一個(gè)成年人，得有多大勇氣才能經(jīng)受這么屈辱和壓力。26/53Normally,awriterstartswithageneralpointandthenpresentsanumberofexamplestosupporthispoint.GeneralSpecific(Exemplification)AwritingskillAnalyzethefollowingparagraph:Writing27/53Livingbytheseahasmanyadvantages.Theyincludeamilder,lessextremeclimate;accesstoawidevarietyoffishandshellfish;

ageneralpointexample1example2example3andaneasymeansoftransportandcommunication,bothinlandviarivers,andalongthecoastinshelteredwaters.Thesefactorshavemeantthatmostcoastalsitesweredevelopedearlyinhumanhistory.Writing28/53Ageneralpoint:livingbytheseahasmanyadvantagesexample1:lessextremeclimateexample3:easymeansoftransportandcommunicationexample2:accesstoawidevarietyoffishandshellfishWriting29/53

Trytowriteyourownparagraph,whichstartswithageneralpointwithsomeexamplestosupportit. Mymum/dadismyhero(atleast120words)II.YourTaskWriting30/53III.TipsforWriting1.Decidethetopic.2.Writecorrectlythetopicsentence.3.Turnthetopicsentenceintoaquestion.4.Giveanswerstothequestion.Writing31/53TipsHeispersistent.Oncehesetsagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.(muscular,manly,persistent,brave,diligent,liberal,generous,strong-willed,mild,gentle,kind,solemn,able,intelligent,talented,earnest,frank,honest,competent,eloquent,humorous,insightful,capable,sincere)32/53Self-studywiththehelpofthewebsiteandthePPT.FinishEx.VII,VIII

and

IXonline.Submittheresult.Deadline:Wed.9p.m.Assignments33/53LeanVi.1)beagainstawallorothersurfaceE.g.Shewasleaningagainstatreeinthepark,readingabook.2)bendinacertaindirectionTheLeaningTowerofPisa比薩斜塔34/53Leanon:dependonTheyalwaysleanonuswhentheyareintrouble.Theministerleanedonhisadvisersforinformationandadvice.這位部長(zhǎng)依靠他顧問(wèn)提供信息和提議。35/53BalanceNoun.1)精神或心理平靜e.g.Herfriend’sdeathdisturbedthebalanceofhismind.2)平衡感e.g.Ridingabikehelpsdevelopachild’ssenseofbalance.Verb.1)保持平衡Heisbalancingacuponhishead.2)使…保持平衡Youshouldbalancetheadvantagesoftelecommutingagainstitsdisadvantagesbeforeyoudecidetoworkathome.在決定留在家里工作之前，你得權(quán)衡在家里遠(yuǎn)程工作利弊。

36/53CrippleVerb.Thecarcrashhimforlife.那次車禍?zhǔn)顾K生殘廢。Noun.Youmusttakegoodcareofher.Afterall,sheisaseverecripple.重殘者Attention:Atonetime,itmighthavebeenacceptabletocallapersona“cripple”ifinjuriesordeformitieskepthimfromwalkingproperly,itisnolongerso.Handicappedperson/disabledperson/specially-ableperson/handi-capableperson.37/53GrammarIwouldinwardlystruggleattheunwantedattention.Itriedtoovercomemyfeelingsofembarrassmentcausedbypeoplewhowatchedus.struggleagainst[with]difficulties與困難作斗爭(zhēng)struggleforpower爭(zhēng)奪權(quán)力struggleforaliving為生活而掙扎38/53假如他注意到這些或所以感到不安，他從不表露出來(lái)。1.Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,he

neverleton.(L3)Ifheatanytimenoticedorfelttroubledbythis,hewouldneverletanyoneseeorknowhowhefelt.Ever:a.慣用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和表示條件從句：從來(lái)b.用于表示比較從句中：曾經(jīng)c.用于特殊疑問(wèn)句：終究；到底；用任何方式Itisrainingharderthanever.Nothingevermakeshimangry.Whoevercanitbe?bacGrammar39/53CoordinateVt.Tocausedifferentpartstoworktogetherverywell.e.g.wemustcoordinateoureffortstohelppeopleaffectedbytheflood.我們必須齊心協(xié)力去幫助受洪災(zāi)災(zāi)民。Noun.coordination40/53HaltVerb.stope.g.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestohalttheriseinhousingprices.Noun.e.g.Productionwasbroughttoahaltbythestrike.生產(chǎn)因罷工而停頓下來(lái)。

41/53AdjustVerb.(to)becomeormakesuited(tonewconditions)Haveyouadjustedyourselftoyourcollegelifenow?42/53Hewenttoworksick.Hewenttoworkevenwhenhewasill.Forexample:Hewenttobedhungrylastnight.昨晚他饑腸轆轆地上床睡覺(jué)了。Hecamehomedrunk.他醉醺醺地回家了。Thetomatoesshouldbepickedred.西紅柿應(yīng)該在紅時(shí)候摘。43/53Makeittotheoffice…1)managetoarriveontimeWe’llhavetohurryifwewanttomakeittothesupermarketbeforeitcloses.2)besuccessfulatsomethingYearslater,hemadeittoafamousuniversity.幾年以后，他成功考上了一所名校。44/53Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrail…Once(hewas)there,hewouldclingtothehandrail…E.g.Once(theyare)inbed,thechildrenusuallygotosleep