UltrafastLaserTechnologyandSpectroscopy1.HistoryOscillatortechnology:1980s,colliding-pulsemode-locked(CPM)dyelaser,100fs,30fs,6fs1990s,selfmode-lockinginTi:sapphire-basedlasers,10-20fsChirpedpulseamplification:regenerativeamplificationmulti-passamplificationcolliding-pulsemode-locked(CPM)dyelaserselfmode-lockinginTi:sapphire-basedlasers2.UltrafastLasersandAmplifier2.1Oscillator2.2Dispersionandpulsebroadening問題：1.飛秒激光介質(zhì)，主要是晶體材料2.主動鎖模和被動鎖模技術(shù)3.碰撞脈沖鎖模4.自鎖模5.飽和吸收體(染料、半導(dǎo)體等)6.色散補(bǔ)償(棱鏡、光柵、啾啾鏡)7.寬帶反射鏡8.諧振腔結(jié)構(gòu)2.3Chirped-pulseamplification2.4PulserecompressionGaincross-section,isnotconstantasafunctionofwavelengthPulsenarrowingashiftinthecentralwavelengthMaximumbandwidthto47nminTi:sapphire2.5Saturationeffects問題：1.展寬器2.再生放大3.多通放大4.飽和效應(yīng)5.壓縮器6.脈沖同步7.TW放大8.PW放大3.WavelengthConversion3.1White-lightgenerationandtheopticalKerreffectsSHGTHGFHG-near-todeep-ultraviolet

BBOLBOKDP3.2GenerationofultravioletandX-raysVeryhighharmonicgenerationDeep-UV,softX-raypulseLaserproducedplasmas

HardX-raypulse3.3Opticalparametricamplifierforinfraredgeneration3.4Noncollinearopticalparametricamplification3.4Terahertz-pulsegenerationanddetection4.Time-resolvedExperiments4.1Auto-andcross-correlationSpider任意脈沖測量4.2Pump-probetechniques問題：1.自相關(guān)2.交叉相關(guān)3.FROG測量4.FROG測量的算法5.Spider測量6.Spider測量的算法7.pump-probe測量8.條紋相機(jī)9.時(shí)間分辨光子計(jì)數(shù)測量5.Applications5.1Thestudyoffastchemicalreactions5.2Imaging5.3Structuredetermination:ElectronBeamsandX-rays5.4Coherentcontrol一、相干控制方法(早期)(單參數(shù))：1.頻域的控制技術(shù)(spectral-domaintechnique)1986年BrumerandShapiro提出1990年ChenandPark等實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)(原子、分子)

原理：基于量子力學(xué)相干（相干相長或相消）2.時(shí)域的控制技術(shù)(time-domaintechnique)1985年TannorandRice提出1991年Baumert等實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)(納雙原子分子)

3.絕熱控制技術(shù)(adiabaticcontroltechnique)1988年Bergmann等通過STIRAPverylargelaserenergy

Rabioscillations

二、現(xiàn)代量子相干控制方法：特點(diǎn)：多參數(shù)(時(shí)間、空間、頻譜、偏振等)困難：特定目的的激光場設(shè)計(jì)。

1983年Huang和Ramakrishna等方法：

1988年Shi,PeirceandKosloff等提出

優(yōu)化控制理論實(shí)現(xiàn)飛秒脈沖時(shí)空整形

1.液晶光學(xué)空間調(diào)制器三、飛秒脈沖整形方法：2.聲光光學(xué)空間偏轉(zhuǎn)器3.變形鏡Thestokesshiftsforasymmetricandsymmetricmodes,2942cm-1and2835cm-1,respectively.Depth-resonancesingle-pulseCARSimagesofaglasscapillaryplatewith10umholesfilledwithCH2Br2