重點2|從句引導詞Ⅰ.定語從句的關系詞(關系代詞和關系副詞)自查自糾解題分析語法講解1.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.引導詞在定語從句中作主語，指事物用that/which，但當先行詞有序數詞修飾時只用that不用which，故用that。引導定語從句的關系代詞有：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。他們在句中可作主語、賓語或定語。2.Iwanttobuyadictionary,whichisvaluabletomylearning.根據逗號可知為非限制性定語從句，引導詞作主語且指物，應用which。(1)that指人或物，可作主語、賓語；which指物，可作主語、賓語；非限制性定語從句中和介詞后用which不用that；3.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.引導詞在定語從句中作主語且指人，應用who。根據those可知不能用that。4.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswereaffected.引導詞在定語從句中作定語且指人，應用whose。(2)who/whom指人，who作主語，whom作賓語；(3)whose指人或物，作定語；(4)as常指整個句子，可位于句首，常表示“正如……”。5.Asisoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.as引導定語從句可位于句首。6．Thisistheplacewheretheyusedtotakeawalk.【導學號：90892021】引導詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，用where。引導定語從句的關系副詞有when，where，why，他們都在從句中作狀語，分別表示時間、地點和原因。7．Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterday？引導詞在定語從句中作原因狀語，用why。8．IstillrememberthedayswhenwestayedinEngland.引導詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，用when。先行詞表示時間、地點或原因時，引導詞不一定用when，where，why，要依它在從句中作什么成分而定。9．Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinQingdao？引導詞在定語從句中作spent的賓語，用that/which。10．DoyouknowthemanwithwhomMr.Blacktalkedjustnow？引導詞在介詞后，指人用whom。介詞后面的引導詞指人時用whom，指物時用which。Ⅱ.引導名詞性從句的連詞(連接詞、連接代詞和連接副詞)自查自糾解題分析語法講解1.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.It作形式主語，引導詞在主語從句中沒有任何含義，應用that。引導名詞性從句的連接詞包括that，whether/if，它們在從句中不作任何成分，that無任何含義，whether/if意為“是否”，if只能引導賓語從句。2.Wemustfacethefactthatthewarhaskilledmanypeople.引導詞在同位語從句中沒有任何含義，應用that。3.Westillhavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.引導詞在同位語從句中不作成分，表示“是否”，應用whether。4.Whowillbeinvitedtotheceremonyhasn'tbeendecided.引導詞在主語從句中作主語且指人，應用who。引導名詞性從句的連接代詞包括who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever，它們既起引導從句的作用，同時又在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。需注意what表示“什么”，而which表示“哪一個”。5.Ithinkwhatimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorheuses.引導詞在主語從句中作主語且指物，應用what。6.Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowningboyisworthpraising.引導詞在主語從句中作主語，意為“無論誰”，應用whoever。7．Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.引導詞在表語從句中作時間狀語，應用when。引導名詞性從句的連接副詞包括when，where，why，how，它們既起引導從句的作用，同時又在從句中作時間、地點、原因或方式狀語。8．Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，”That'swhereIwasborn.”引導詞在表語從句中作地點狀語，應用where。9．Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.引導詞在賓語從句中作原因狀語，應用why。10．Shehasknownhowsheshouldsettlethematter.【導學號：90892022】引導詞在賓語從句中作方式狀語，應用how。Ⅲ.引導狀語從句的連詞自查自糾解題分析語法講解1.Onourlasthike,weweretoldtotakearestwhenwefelttired.表示“當……時候”用when。引導時間狀語從句的連詞常見的有：when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，once，themoment等。2.Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.Itwon'tbelongbefore...為固定句型，before引導時間狀語從句。3.Iwon'tseehimtill/untilhisangerhascooleddown.考查not...until/till句型，until/till引導時間狀語從句。4．Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you'dbetterstaywhereyouareandwaitforhelp.所填之詞引導地點狀語從句，用where地點狀語從句通常由where引導5．Ifeveryonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.if引導條件狀語從句，表示“如果”。引導條件狀語從句的連詞常見的主要是if和unless。6．Shesaysthatshe'llhavetoclosetheshopunlessbusinessimproves.unless引導條件狀語從句，表示“除非，如果不”。7．MarkneedstolearnChinesebecausehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.此處強調原因，應用because。原因狀語從句中because強調原因；as，since，nowthat指雙方都知道的原因。8．Although/Though/WhileIunderstandyouropinion,Idon'tagreewithyou.引導讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然”，可用although/though/while。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有：although，though，while，evenif/though；as/though用于倒裝的讓步狀語從句。9．Hetoldussuchaninterestingstorythatwealllaughed.考查such...that...結構。結果狀語從句主要是so/such...that...。10．Thestudentsshoulddotheexperimentsastheyweretold.as引導方式狀語從句，表示“按照，像……一樣”。引導方式狀語從句的連詞主要是as。[語篇填空]用適當的從句引導詞填空。Itwaslateonemorning.Idon'trememberwhatitwasabout,butmyhusbandandIhadaheatedargument.Ithrewafewthingsinasmallsuitcaseandlefthome,notknowingwheretogo.Afterdrivingincirclesforseveralminutes,Istoppedatashoptobuysomething.Atthattime,mydaughtercalledmeandtoldmeherdadwasworriedaboutme.Butbecausemyangerhadn'tleftme,Ihungupthephoneimmediately.WhenIwenttomycarquicklyafterfinishingmypurchase,Ifoundapieceofwhitepaperstuckundermywindshieldwiper(雨刮器)．AtruckpulledupbesidemebeforeIcouldseethewordsonthepaperclearly.Hangingoutofthewindowwasmyhusband,besidewhomwasmylovelydaughter.That'swhyIstartedlaughing.Movedbythem,IlaughedsohardthatIcried.Although/ThoughIhadmadegreateffortstorunawayfromhome,themanwholovedmemanagedtofindme.【導學號：90892023】A(2016·河南適應性模擬)Ayoungladyconfidentlywalkedaroundtheroomwitharaisedglassofwater，andeveryoneknewshewasgoingtoaskthequestion，“Halfemptyorhalffull？”She1(fool)themall.“Howheavyisthisglassofwater？”sheinquiredwithasmile.2(answer)cameoutfrom8oz.to20oz.Shereplied.“Theabsoluteweightdoesn'tmatter.3dependsonhowlongIholdit.IfIholditforaminute，that'snotaproblem.IfIholditforanhour，I4(have)anacheinmyrightarm.IfIholditforaday，you'llhavetocallanambulance.Ineachcaseit'sthesameweight，butthelongerIholdit，the5(heavy)itbecomes.”Shecontinued，“Andthat'sthewayitiswithstress.Ifwecarryourburdensallthetime，soonerorlater，astheburdenbecomes6(increasing)heavy，wewon'tbeabletocarryon.”“Aswiththeglassofwater，youhavetoputitdownforawhileandrestbefore7(hold)itagain.Whenwe'rerefreshed，wecancarryon8theburden－holdingstresslongerandbettereachtimepracticed.”So，asearlyintheevening9youcan，putallyourburdensdown.Don'tcarrythemthroughtheeveningandintonight.10(pick)themuptomorrow.本文是一篇簡短的哲理故事。故事中主人公用一杯水比喻人的壓力：壓力就像水杯里的水一樣，我們舉杯子的時間越長，就越會感覺到水變得更重。壓力也是如此，我們越放不下，就越會感覺到壓力，所以我們要學會“放下”。1．fooled[考查動詞的時態。根據上下文可知，本文敘述的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。]2．Answers[考查名詞的數。根據“from8oz.to20oz.”可知，多個人回答了問題，所以用名詞的復數形式。]3．It[考查語境填詞Itdependson...是固定句型，意為“這取決于……”。故填it。]4．willhave[考查動詞的時態。這是If引導的條件狀語從句，從句用一般現在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。]5．heavier[考查形容詞的比較級。“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”，意為“越……(就)越……”。此處指舉得時間越長，它就變得越重。故用heavy的比較級heavier。]6．increasingly[考查派生詞。此處應用副詞修飾形容詞heavy。故填increasingly。]7．holding[考查非謂語動詞。因為空格前的“before”為介詞，所以用動名詞形式。]8．with[考查介詞。carryonwithsth.為固定搭配，意為“繼續做某事”。]9．as[考查語境填詞。空格處與前面的as構成固定搭配“as...asyoucan”，意為“盡可能……”。]10．Pick[考查動詞的語氣。本句為祈使句，因此應用動詞原形。]【導學號：90892024】B(2016·哈爾濱市第三中學高考模擬考試)Iwasdrivinghomelateatnight11mycarlostmomentum(沖力)andgotslowerandslower.NothingIdidseemedtomakeany12(different)．“Itcan'tbethefuel，”Ithought.Thepetrolgauge(汽油量表)wasshowingIhadplenty13(leave)．ThenmycardiedcompletelyafterI14(manage)torolltothesideoftheroad.Itwasanextremelydark,lonelycountryroad.Neitherasingleperson15anytrafficwasinsightatall.Ifeltlikeanidiot.Ishouldnothaveleftwithoutchargingmycellphone.ThebatterywasdeadandIwasalonewithoutanyway16(contact)myfamily.Timedrippedslowlylikealeakingtap.“God,helpme！”Ibeggedanxiously.“Istheresomeonewhowillbekindenoughtostopandhelpmeout？”17,therewasnosignofanyone.Iwasstartingtopanic,18(feel)completelyabandoned.SuddenlyIsawafaintlight19thedistance.Iwavedmywhitescarfashardaspossible.Itwasahugelorry.Thedriverstoppedandkindlydrovemetothenearesthotel，20Ihadarest,andthenIcalledmyfamilyandexplainedwhathadhappened.HowluckyIwas!Whenhestoppedforme,IfeltasifIhadjustfoundamilliondollars.這是一篇記敘文。本文敘述了“我”深夜駕車所經歷的困境，最后終于見到了曙光。11.when[考查并列連詞。bedoing...when...為固定句型，意為“正在做某事，這時……”。]12.difference[考查派生詞。makeadifference為固定短語，意為“有影響，起作用”。]13.left[考查非謂語動詞。句意：汽油量表顯示剩下了足夠的汽油。leave與plenty為動賓關系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。]14.managed/hadmanaged[考查時態。由after可判定manage發生在died之前，故用過去完成時，或用一般過去時與died并列。]15.nor[考查語境填詞。neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。]16.tocontact[考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意：電池沒電了，我孤零零地沒法聯系我的家人。在way的后面應用不定式作定語。]17.However[考查語境填詞。前后兩句為轉折關系，根據逗號可知應填however，注意首字母要大寫。]18.feeling[考查非謂語動詞作狀語。此處應用現在分詞feeling作伴隨狀語。]19.in[考查介詞。inthedistance意為“在遠處”。]20.where[考查從句的引導詞。空格內的詞引導定語從句并在從句中作地點狀語，故用where。]C(2016·成都外國語學校高三高考沖刺卷)Iwaslivingalifeinmyscreenandhardlynoticedwhat21(be)aroundme.Iwasalwayscheckingthetimeandthinkingoffuture22(plan)．Mythoughtwas:“Who'sgoingtotextmenow?WhatwillIdonext？”Mybedtimeroutinewasusuallycentered23onething:myphone.24Iwenttosleep,Ibrowsedthroughnewswebsitesandcheckedmye－mails.WhenIwokeupinthemiddleofthenight,Ididthesamething.TheproblemwiththiswasthatIfeltanxiouseverynight.Sowhenmyfriendsinvitedme25(go)foralongweekendcampingwithoutthecellservice,Ithoughtthiswas26(exact)whatIneeded.Here'show27(keep)awayfrommyphonefor48hourschangedmeandmywayoflife.Withoutmyphone,I28(fall)asleeplisteningtothesongsoffrogsandcrickets.Inthemorning,Iwokeupenergetically.Sittingbytheriver,ridingabike,orsingingtheoldsongs,I29(true)enjoyedwhatIwasdoing.Ifeltfreewithoutmyphoneatweekendcamp，30changedmecompletely.Ilistenedtowhatmybodywantedinsteadofwhatmyphonewastellingmetodo.這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章介紹我曾經對手機很依賴，但一次不帶手機的經歷使我體驗到很多好處。21.was[考查時態。前面的動詞noticed為一般過去時，根據時態的一致性可知此處應用一般過去時。]22.plans[考查名詞的數。plan為可數名詞，此處應用復數形式。]23.on[考查介詞。短語becenteredon意為“集中到……”。]24.Before[考查從句引導詞。句意：在睡覺前我瀏覽新聞網站并查看郵件。此處應用before引導時間狀語從句。]25.togo[考查非謂語動詞。invitesb.todosth.意為“邀請某人做某事”。]26.exactly[考查派生詞。此處空格內的詞修飾謂語部分，應用副詞形式。]27.keeping[考查非謂語動詞。67(keep)awayfrommyphonefor48hours為主語部分，應用動名詞keeping。]28.fell[考查時態。本句前后句子的謂語動詞都是過去時，根據時態的一致性可知，此處應用一般過去時。]29.truly[考查派生詞。修飾動詞enjoyed應用副詞truly。]30.which[考查從句的引導詞。空格內的詞引導非限制性定語從句且在從句中作主語，先行詞為前面的整個句子，故用which。]D(2016·河北省衡水中學二模)Lastweekendourschoolheldasportsmeeting.31(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.Wefirstattendedtheopeningparade,for32ourclasshadmadealotof33(prepare)．34ourexcitement,ourparadeperformancewasagreatsuccess.Aftertheparade,thegamestarted.Myclassmatesattended35(vary)eventssuchasrunning,highjumpandlongjump.Duetothehardtrainingthey36(do)before,theirperformanceswerevery37(impress)．Onthestand,myclassmatesapplaudedandcheeredtheathletes,some38(raise)theircamerastocapturetheexcitingmoments.Finally,theresult39(announce)．Itwas40(amaze)thatourclasswonthesecondplace.Oureffortspaidoff!Cupinhand,wetookapicturetogether.Ibelieveallofuswillrememberthisunforgettableexperienceastimegoesby.這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了我們參加運動會的一次難忘經歷。31.Realizing[考查非謂語動詞。此處用現在分詞作狀語，表示原因。]32.which[考查從句引導詞。句意：我們首先參加了開幕式，為此我們做了很多準備。此處為非限制性定語從句，介詞后指物應用which。]33.preparations[考查派生詞詞。alotof之后應跟名詞的復數形式preparations。]34.To[考查介詞。句意：使我們興奮的是，我們的開幕式取得了很大的成功。toone'sexcitement意為“令某人興奮的是”。]35.various[考查派生詞。空格內的詞修飾名詞events，表示“各種各樣的比賽”，應用various。]36.haddone[考查時態。根據before可知發生在過去的過去，應用過去完成時haddone。]37.impressive[考查派生詞。在系動詞之后表示“印象深刻的”，應用形容詞impressive。]38.raising[考查獨立主格結構。句意：在看臺，同學們都為選手鼓掌、加油，一些人拿出照相機拍照。some與raise為主動關系，應用現在分詞raising。]39.wasannounced[考查語態。句意：最后，結果被宣布了。此處應用一般過去時的被動語態wasannounced。]40.amazing[考查派生詞。在系動詞之后作表語表示“令人驚訝的”，應用amazing。]E(2016·陜西師大附中模擬)People41(live)indifferentcountrieshavemadedifferentkindsof42(word)．Todaythereareaboutfifteenhundredlanguagesintheworld.Eachcontainsmanythousandsofwords.Averylargedictionary,forexample，43(contain)fourorfivehundredthousandwords.Butwedonotneedallthese.Toreadshortstories,youneedtoknowonlyabouttwothousandwords.Beforeyouleaveschool,youwilllearnonlyonethousand44so.Thewordsyouknow45(call)yourvocabulary.Youshouldtrytomakeyourvocabulary46(big)．Readasmanybooksaswecan.Therearealotofbooks47(write)ineasyEnglish.Youwillenjoythem.Whenyoumeet48newword,lookit49inyourdictionary.Yourdictionaryisyour50(much)usefulbook.【導學號：90892025】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了詞典及其應用。41.living[考查非謂語動詞。此處用現在分詞作定語，相當于定語從句wholive...。]42.words[考查名詞的數。此處指不同種類的單詞，應用復數words。]43.contains[考查時態。句意：一本大詞典包含四五十萬單詞。表達的是一種事實，應用一般現在時。]44.or[考查并列連詞。orso意為“大約”。]45.arecalled[考查語態。句意：你所知道的單詞被稱作你的詞匯量。此處應用一般現在時的被動語態。]46.bigger[考查比較等級。句意：你應該使你的詞匯量更大。此處應用比較級bigger。]47．written[考查非謂語動詞。表示“被寫的”，應用過去分詞作定語。]48．a[考查冠詞。句意：當你遇到一個生詞，要查詞典。此處表示泛指，應用不定冠詞。]49.up[考查副詞。lookup意為“查找”。]50.most[考查比較等級。表示“最有用的”，應用最高級。]F(2016·銀川一中模擬)Youarenevertoooldtotrytomakeyourdreamscometrue.ThiscouldbeMaryMoe'smotto—the51(express)thatbestre