Lesson1Apumaatlarge逃遁的美洲獅byBerrypumablackberryQ:Wheremustthepumahavecomefrom?A:Thisonemusthavebeeninthepossesionofaprivatecollector.Languagepoints：1、beatlarge:潛逃3、takesth.seriously:認真對待2、spot：v.看出，發現；n.斑點，地點。課文中的三個看：spot：看見不容易看見的東西或發現正在尋找的東西。see：常用的看見。observe：觀察，比see要書面化。4、huntfor：尋找2、Theshelfyouputthosebooksonhascollapsed.3、Who（m）didyoureceivealetterfrom?4、Thisistheroadwecameby.5、Whereisthepencilyouwereplayingwith?選擇題：1、d；2、a；3、c；4、c；5、d；6、b；7、d；8、d；9、c；10、b；11、b；12、aSpecialdifficulties：A：1、for/at;2、to；3、to；4、in；5、on；B：1、Heisthemanwehaveheardsomuchabout.5、be/feelobligedtodosth.被迫做某事6、corner：n.角落，拐彎；v.使（某人或某物）走投無路，使陷入困境8、cling（on）tosb./sth.：抓緊，緊握（clung，clung）7、a(great)numberof+可數名詞復數：許多……9、complain(tosb.)(about/ofsth.)或complain+（that）從句complainofsth.訴說（病情或疼痛）10、disturbing：worrying11、inthepossessionof：為……所有12、convincesb.ofsth.或convincesb.+that從句使某人確信、說服inpossessionof：擁有=must/haveto/haveadutyto13、However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.句型：simplesentence（簡單句）、compoundsentence（并列句）、complexsentence(復雜句)as引導時間狀語從句，意為“一邊……一邊……”for引導原因狀語從句，不能置于聚首。who引導定語狀語從句，修飾people

。given修飾descriptions，可以寫成whichhadbeengiven

。14、WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.

that引導的同位語從句做reports的同位語，解釋說明報告的內容。15、找出課文中的被動語態：hadbeenspotted，

wasoftenobserved，wereseen，wasfoundclingingto，

hadbeenreportedmissing

其中clinging，missing：現在分詞，補充說明主語。16、分詞作后置定語：分詞現在分詞過去分詞Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.

分詞短語作定語則要放在被修飾詞的后面，做后置定語，相當于定語從句，pickingblackberries

修飾awoman，可以改為定語從句：awomanwhowaspickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.上周問題：1、inpossessionof：擁有2、discover:強調從不知道到知道，如真理，真相，事實等，而且本身是存在的。

spot：強調從一堆類似或同類之中找出來，定位（點）。Unit1入門練習A、1、My

hotel

room

overlooked

a

courtyard

in

which

there

was

a

fountain

and

several

trees.2、Though

Uncle

Charles

looked

everywhere

for

his

glasses,

he

could

not

find

them.3.

During

Christmas,

there

was

so

much

extra

work

at

the

post

office

that

a

great

number

of

students

were

employed

to

help.

4、I

don’t

want

to

see

that

film

because

it

had

poor

reviews.5.

Now

that

wages

have

gone

up,

prices

will

rise

and

the

cost

of

living

will

be

higher

than

ever.6、Although

the

police

searched

everywhere,

neither

the

missing

boy

nor

his

dog

could

be

found.

7.

James

Sullivan,

whose

book

on

the

Antarctic

was

published

recently,

will

give

a

lecture

at

the

local

library

next

week.

8.

In

spite

of

the

fact

that

fares

have

increased,

the

railway

company

isstill

losing

money

because

the

employees

have

demanded

higher

wages.

9.

He

gave

me

such

a

fright

that

I

knocked

the

teapot

over.10.

The

climbers

not

only

reached

the

top

of

the

mountain,

but

spent

the

night

there

as

well.C.

Verbs.

a.

died;

has

just

had;

were;

have

been

trying;

died;

was;

lasted;

proved;

removed;

sent;

found;

did

not

show;

have

not

decided;

died;

feared;

cut;

has

not

happened;

survived

b.

used

to

travel

;

was;

used

to

live/

lived,

used

to

fly/

would

fly;

used

to

take/

would

take;

had;

were

flying;

gaining;

turned,

flew;

were

waiting;

told

b.

used

to

travel

;

was;

used

to

live/

lived,

used

to

fly/

would

fly;

used

to

take/

would

take;

had;

were

flying;

gaining;

turned,

flew;were

waiting;

told

c.

will

last;

will

continue;

is

reached/

has

been

reached;

will

last;

have

offered/

will

offer/

are

offering;

will

relieve;

lasts;

drive;

will

have

to

d.

will

be

retiring;

will

be

sending;

will

sign;

will

be

sent;

will

all

remember;

will

be

attending;

will

have

been

teaching;

retires;

will

devote;

will

be

e.

waved;

had

been

water

skiing;

had;

were

thrown;

struck;

continued;had

just

begun;

noticed;

came,

had

roared

f.

1.

found;

had

reached

2.

have

just

moved;

are

3.

met;

told;

had

just

returned

4.

will

be

set

up

5.

went/

used

to

go

6

will

have

been

studying

7

were

arguing;

stole

g.

is

now

known;

are

sighted;

are

washed;

are

rarely

caught;

was

caught;

was

carried;

was

eventually

brought;

was

found;

had

since

been

sent;

has

been

examined;

is

called;

are

rarely

seenh.

The

man

told

the

court

that

at

the

time

the

murder

was

committed,

he

was

travelling

on

the

8

o’clock

train

to

London.

When

the

inspector

asked

him

if

he

alwayscaught

such

an

early

train,the

man

answered

that

of

course

he

did.

He

said

he

had

to

be

at

work

at

10

o’clock

and

added

that

his

employer

would

confirm

that

he

was

there

on

time.

When

the

inspector

asked

him

if

a

later

train

would

get

him

to

work

on

time,

he

said

that

he

supposed

it

would,

but

that

he

never

caught

a

later

train.

When

the

inspector

asked

him

what

time

he

arrived

at

the

station,

he

said

he

had

arrived

at

ten

to

eight

that

he

had

bought

a

paper

and

waited

for

the

train.

And

when

the

inspector

asked

if

he

hadnoticed

anything

unusual,

he

said

he

hadn’t.

i.

1.

are

not

bought

2

will

cause

3

would

have

completed

j.

ringing;

climbing

/

to

climb;

cleaning;

answering;

cleaning;

interrupting

;to

interrupt;

working;

coming;

to

stay

D

a.

1.

had

to

go

2

should

have

gone

3

should

begin

b.

1.‘I

shall

have

the

parcel

delivered,’said

the

shop

assistant.

2.

Are

you

going

to

have

this

suit

cleaned?3.

When

will

you

have

this

jacket

dyed?

c.

1.

Can

you

show

me

the

way

to

the

station,

please?

2.

I

give

him

a

few

lessons

and

he

was

soon

able

to

swim.

3.

They

were

able

to

jump

into

the

sea

before

the

boat

sank.

4.

You

cannot

leave

this

room

until

you

get

permission.E

an;

/;

a;

/;

/;

a;

the;

/;

a;

an;

/;/;

a;/

Fmost;

from;

in;

biggest;

of;

lot;

different;

many;

range/

varietyG1.

at

2

in,

in

3

to/from;

on

4

on,

on

5

at

2

6.

in(to),

to

7

in

8

of

9

in

10

in

11

in

12

on

13

with

14

at/on

15

toA1.

between

2

usual

3

headmaster

4

clothing

5

clothes

6

clear

7

clear

8

wash

9

mood

10

temper

11

too

12

fairly

13

old

enough

14

petrolD.

1.

so

do

I

.

2

neither

should

I

3

so

am

I

.4

so

will

I5

so

did

I

.

6

neither

have

I

.Lesson2Thirteenequalsone

十三等于一Q:Wasthevicarpleasedthattheclockwasstriking?Why?A:Yes,hewas.Becausetheclockwasworkingagain.Strikingalonghourwasbetterthannotstrikingatall.Languagepoints：1、Thirteenequalsone.(v.等于)adj.平等的Ourbosstreatedusallasequals.(n.平等的人)2、vicar（英國國教神父）priest（天主教神父）

pastor（基督教神父）rector（掌管一個教區的神父即教區長）

clergyman（神職人員的總稱）3、raise籌集cash/capital/fund4、foronecauseoranothercause：事件。5、havesth.done讓某人做某事6、strikethehour（s）報時strike+數字表示幾點鐘報時7、dayandnight=nightandday=allthetime總是8、day（night）afterday（night）:everyday/night9、damage:破壞，常常是局部的，或可以修好的。

destroy:強調以具有摧毀或殺傷性的力量把某物徹底毀掉。

injure:人身體的傷害。

hurt:人心靈上的傷害。10.silent:指“寂靜的”、“無聲的”或“聲音極小”；也指人“沉默不語”，“不發出響聲”。（無聲的安靜）

still:指“靜止的，寂靜的”，側重于完全不動或完全無聲響，帶有感情色彩。still可以用來說人“不動”或人“不好動”。（沒有動作的安靜）

quiet:側重指由于無騷擾而產生的“安靜，無動靜，無聲響”，或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮。（氣氛上的安詳、安寧）

calm：指天氣、海洋的“風平浪靜”，還可指人的心情“平靜”、態度“安詳”。11、

Armedwitha

torch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.arm：武裝；攜帶。12、catchsightof：看見。（反義詞：losesightof看不見）

13、local：本地的，本地的localgovernment：地方政府localtime：本地時間14、betterthannothing：總比……強Betterlatethannothing.遲做總比不做好。15、課文以對話構成，所以出現比較口語化的表達：

Armedwitha

torch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.

（Whatwashappening.）湊合，還行。WhateverareyoudoinguphereBill

？

It’sworkingallright.WhatonearthyoudoinguphereBill？Youcertainlydidgivemeasurprise!

did/do/does+v.(原形)表強調謂語動詞16、現在完成進行時與現在完成時的區別：havebeendoing：現在完成進行時，表示過去發生的動作一直延續到現在尚未結束或某一動作在現在以前這個階段反復發生，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用。havedone：現在完成時，表示動作已完成，并且對現在有一定影響。

Lesson3Anunknowngoddess

無名女神Q：Howdidthearchaeologistsknowthatthestatuewasagoddess?A：Becauseitwasfoundinthemostsacredroominthetemple.Specialdifficulties：A:1、Shehappenedtomentionthatitisyourbirthdaytoday.2、IthappenedthatIwasabroadwhenIheardthenews.3、Tellmewhathappened.4、IfyouhappenedtoseeMaggie,pleaseaskhertophone.B:1、Somehotelsaremorethanthirtystoreyshigh.2、Childrenlovehearingstoriesfromtheirparents.3、Achurchoratempleisaplaceofworship.4、ManywarshipsweresunkinWorldWarII.Languagepoints：1、achaeologistachaeologyachaeological2、promontory：headland海角4、enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開心5、bebuiltof由……蓋成的7、hero

worship盲目的宗教崇拜8、time以復數形式出現是指歷史時期；

Classical在西方文化中，特指古希臘羅馬時期9、sacred

synonym：holydivineantonym：profane（褻瀆的；世俗的）10、statue：（雕像）Statue

ofLibertystature:[’st?t??]

(身材、聲望)anartistofgreatstature

status：[’steit?s]

（身份、地位）maritalstatus（婚姻狀況）

statute：[’st?t?ut]

（法令、法規）collegestatute（校規）3、atonetime：曾經，同時，一時。6、beequippedwith：配有，配備。11、paintherroompink把她的房間刷成粉色

painthernails涂指甲

paintapicture畫畫12、remain：v.保持，留下

n.剩余物，殘骸13、datefrom始于,追溯到15、amaze:(驚奇，驚異)surprise，astound，astonish16、turnouttobe：（出乎意料地）原來是，證明是17、full-lengthskirt：拖地長裙

full-lengthmirror全身鏡

full-lengthphotograph全身照18、sweeptheground：指長裙在地上掠過，拖曳著19、great：veryold20、sofar：uptonow（到目前為止）

Sofarsogood.到現在為止，一切順利。

sofarassb./sth.isconcerned就某人或某事而言14、preseve：保護，保存。23、找出定語從句：24、musthavedone表示對過去的肯定猜測，表示“必然、一定”

eg.DidItellyouthat？Youmusthavebeenmistaken.

是我告訴你的嗎？你一定是搞錯了。

can’t/couldn’thavedone表示對過去的否定的猜測。eg.WherecanMumhaveputthekeys?Shecan’thavetakenthemaway.媽媽會把鑰匙放在哪兒呢？她不可能把它們帶走。

22、表述位置的動詞：stand、rest

可以用be動詞替換，可是替換了就沒有實義動詞生動21、identitycard（IDcard）

asenseofidentity歸屬感must+動詞原形表示對現在的肯定猜測eg.Youmustbetiredafteraday’shardwork.

辛苦工作了一天，你一定很累了。can’t+動詞原形表示對現在的否定猜測eg.Hecan’tbebackatthistimeoftheday.

這個時候后他不會回來的。ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs艾爾費雷德.布洛格斯的雙重生活Q：WhydidAlfwantawhite-collarjob?A:Becausehethoughtitwashigherinstatusthanadustman.Specialdifficulties：A:1、Johndescribedthefilmtohisaunt.2、Hesaidnothingtoher.3、Sheexplainedthepositiontome.4、Theyproposedtheideatous.Languagepoints：1、manualwork/labour：physicalwork/labour體力勞動

mentalwork/labour腦力勞動2、refertoas把……稱作

referto參考3、Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.such放在句首，句子要倒裝4、giveriseto引起，使發生、導致5、inthecaseof至于，就……來說

inanycase無論如何，總之

innocase無論如何都不（若置于句首，句子用倒裝）

Innocaseshouldyougiveup.你絕不能放棄。

inthatcase既然這樣（just）incase（連詞）萬一，以免

incaseof+名詞萬一，以免

6、表示人感到不舒服的詞：embarrassed尷尬的，為難的ashamed慚愧的，羞恥的shy害羞的awkward尷尬的，別扭的7、dressedinasmart

（既漂亮又新潮）blacksuit：過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語，修飾動詞left。10、well（verymuch）worth9、fellowstudents：同學8、beforereturninghomeatnight現在分詞作時間狀語11、fromnowon：從現在開始

fromthenon：從那時起12、將來進行時：表示將來某個時刻正在進行或持續的動作，指說話者一種無意圖的行為。在詢問別人的計劃、打算時，將來進行時比一般將來時更禮貌，也可表示緩和的命令。將來進行時可用來代替一般將來時，表示既定的動作或情況，或某動作尚未完成仍在繼續。（主將從現）

13、現在完成進行時：表示并強調動作在某一段時間內一直在進行，而且這個動作通常有結果。1)句中常用all+表示時間的詞，如allday（整天）

Sheisverytired.She’s

beentypingletterallday.2)表示持續性的動詞，如learn，live，rain，sleep等，可以同since和for連用。持續性的動詞還可以用現在完成時，區別是進行時更強調動作的持續性。3)現在完成進行時還可以表示經常重復的動作。JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthelastweek.14、找出比較級：riseloss隱藏比較（地位比錢重要）

Lesson5Thefacts確切數字

Q：Whatwastheconsequenceoftheeditor’sinsistenceonfactsandstatistics?A:Thejournalistwasarrestedandsenttoprison.Languagepoints：1、editor：編輯

edition：編輯

editorial：adj.編輯的；n.評論，專題報道。2、gotoextreme：gofromoneextremetotheother；

gototheoppositeextreme走極端3、providesb.withsth.為某人供給或提供某物sth.forsb.4、否定前綴unimportantimpatientillegalincompleteirregular5、journalist新聞記者journalism新聞業，新聞學

reporter（電視臺）記者correspondent（電臺）記者，通訊員6、instructsb.todosth.命令某人做某事

instruct：指令，講授。

command，order上級對下級命令7、well-known眾所周知的；well-balanced均衡的；

well-done干得出色的8、refuse拒絕（態度嚴厲）

decline婉言謝絕9、setout：setoff出發，開始。10、obtain：包含著“努力”、“希望”或“決意去獲得某物”的意思。

get：使用范圍最廣。

secure：表示在競爭對手多而目的物少的情況下“獲取”。eg.Canyousecuremetwogoodseatsfortheconcerts?

我弄到這場音樂會的兩個好座位？

acquire：雖然含有“努力獲得”的意思。但更強調在原來的基礎上自然增長或新的增添。

gain：有obtain的含義，但更強調目的物需要努力奮斗才能得到，而且這種東西具有價值，特別是物質價值。

earn：包含有獲得物與所花的力氣相互比例之意。11、sb.takesometimetodosth.某人花費某段時間做某事

(ittakessb.sometimetodosth.)12、informsb.ofsth.或者informsb.that告知某人某事bewellimformedaboutsth.精通某事；對某事消息靈通13、failtodo不能做某事，疏忽了某事14、while+現在分詞，作時間狀語，表示“正在做某事的過程中”，也可以用while引導時間狀語從句去替換，分詞的邏輯主語應同主語一致。15、leadingto作后置定語修飾stepsLesson6Smash-and-grab

砸櫥窗搶劫Q:HowdidMr.Taylortrytostopthethieves?A:Hethrewthingsatthetheives.Atfirst,theythrewfurnitureoutofthewindow.Atlast，hethrewashtraysandvasesatthem.Languagepoints：1、smash-and-grab：smash打碎；grab抓住。2、openv./adj.closev.closedadj.3、jewellery珠寶(總稱)jewel寶石

jeweller珠寶商4、thejeweller’s珠寶商店

thegrocer’s雜貨店

atMary’s在瑪麗家5、gazeat:表示目不轉睛地看，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”。stareat：特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢”或茫然。glareat：表示兇狠而且帶有威脅性地瞪眼睛。6、blare刺耳的聲音roar低沉的聲音7、thewheel（駕駛位）方向盤8、go+現在分詞強調動作方向9、cometo+n.達到……10、smashinto撞擊到某處11、go+現在分詞強調動作方向12、helponeselfto：自便13、bebusydoingsth.：忙于做某事

bebusywithsth.14、atspeed：以……的速度15、getawaywith：僥幸成功，逃脫處罰16、過去完成進行時：表示過去某個時間之前一直進行的動作，并可能持續下去。（hadbeendoing）

Lesson7MutilatedLadies

殘鈔鑒別組Q：WhydidJanecookJohn’swallet?A:BecauseJanecookedthemealinthemicrowaveoftenwithoutknowingthatJohnhadputhiswalletthere.Languagepoints：1、backadj.后面的

backdoor后門backseat后座2、rescue是指搭救受到監禁、攻擊或死亡威脅的人，不失時機地以強有力的措施進行搭救。

ransom是向他人提供一定量的贖金而使受困者得到解脫。

save不僅有使受難者獲釋的意思，還具有獲釋者繼續生存、享受幸福的內涵（強調結果）。3、despair和hopelessness強調完全沒有希望，并經常暗示一種“無能的、聽任擺布”的意思；eg.Whenthebankrepossessedthehouse,theirdepressionturnedtodespair.當銀行收回房子時，他們的沮喪變成了絕望。eg.Aspiritofhopelessnesspervadedtherefugeecamp.絕望的情緒籠罩著難民營。

desperation是一種驅使人冒險（經常是暴力行動）的絕望；eg.“Themassofmenleadlivesofquietdesperation.”(HenryDavidThoreau)“男人們在沉靜的絕望中生活。”（亨利.大衛.梭羅）despondency強調由于希望的中止以及一種繼續努力也會徒勞無功的信念導致的精神沮喪。eg.Herdespondencyarisesfromherinabilitytofindemployment.她之所以意志消沉是因為她無法找到工作。discouragement是指在面對阻礙時喪失信心或勇氣，它“失望”的程度是最輕的。eg.Thefarmerexperiencedmomentsofdiscouragementoverthefailureofhiscrops.農夫經受了對農作物歉收的痛苦。4、feed…to…喂……給……feed…with…用……喂……5、concern：beabout；involve關于，涉及；使……擔心……6、micro-這個前綴表示微小之意；

macro-表示大的，長的7、go+V-ing結構：go后面可以跟含有“y娛樂或運動”意義的動詞的現在分詞作狀語。8、solongas=aslongas假設，只要9、Hasiteverhappenedtoyou?Haveyoueverputyourtrousersinthe……？dWhenyourescuedyourtrousers，didyoufindthenote……？稱讀者為you，縮短距離，更親切。10、幽默：MutilatedLadies

英國女王頭像

whiterthanwhite英國某洗衣粉廣告，潔白無瑕，反諷效果

beautifully-cooked同上

Lesson8Afamousmonastery

著名的修道院Q:WhataretheSt.Bernarddogsusedfor?A:They’reusedtorescuetravellerswhogetintodifficultiesinthemountains.Languagepoints：1、monasterymonksconvent/nunnery(女修道院)nuns（女修道士）2、connect…to/with把……與某事聯系在一起近義詞：combine…with…；link…with/to…;relate…with/to…3、lie-lay-lain-lying位于，躺

lie-lied-lied-lying說謊

lay-laid-laid-lying放置4、nowthat既然5、despite=inspiteof=regardlessof盡管6、attempttodo嘗試做某事

attempt:做自己希望會成功的事，包含冒險的意義。

try：表示試一試，意欲證明或檢驗某件事。

endeavor：強調這件事情要求非同尋常的努力，或真切而誠懇的努力。

7、rashly：近義詞boldly反義詞cautiously謹慎地8、prefersth.tosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.寧愿喜歡……而不喜歡……prefertodosth.thandosth.9、wander：roam/ramble漫步10、apartyof/partiesof一批，一群

Lesson9Flyingcats

Q:Howdocatstrytoprotectthemselveswhenfallingfromgreatheights?A:Theystretchouttheirlegslikeflyingsquirrelstoincreaseair-resisitance.Languagepoints：1、befascinatedwith迷上了……fascinattionn.魔力，入迷

fascinatingadj.令人著迷的

fascinate…about…使感興趣的是……2、affectionn.友愛，愛情，影響

affectvt.影響，感動3、mysteryn.謎面，神秘感4、submissive：obedientsubmission：n.屈服，服從

besubmissivetosb.對某人孝順，服從

submitsth.tosb.向某人提交或呈遞某物5、independent：獨立自主的，不受約束的

dependence：依靠，信任；dependent：依靠的，依賴的dependvi.依靠，依賴；dependon依靠6、besuspiciousof/about：bedoubtfulabout對……表示懷疑區別：Hewassuspiciousofthenewtheory.(懷疑新理論的價值，認為不會成功)Hewasdoubtfulaboutthenewtheory.(對新的理論無法肯定，確定)7、定語從句由關系代詞/副詞引導，所指內容在從句中作某種成分。同位語從句由連接代詞/副詞引導，該詞在從句中不作任何成分。8、survivefalls：vt.

surviveinthefalls:vi.9、have…incommon（with）與……有共同之處

havenothingincommon（with）沒有共同之處10、diefrom（病意外）因某事而死；（外因）

dieof因某病而死（內因）11、injure：可以指對健康、外表前景或生活的舒適帶來反面影響；

harm與hurt：只要指帶來痛苦、悲傷、損失或損害；

damag：通常指那種使價值、有用性和有效性減少的損害；

impair：指的是減低、減損（智力等）；

spoil：損壞或徹底摧毀價值、優點和力量。12、make/haveastrong/greatimpacton對……有巨大影響13、asaresult：therefore、consequently，連詞

asaresultof:becauseof14、但形容詞前面有the、this、that、these、those或物主代詞，不能使用so或such。

Lesson10ThelossoftheTitanic“泰坦尼克”號的沉沒Q:Whatwouldhavehappenedifonlytwoofthesixteenwatertightcompartmentshadbeenflooded?A:Theshipwouldhavebeenabletofloat.Languagepoints：1、for表示去的目的地

sailfor駛往……headfor出發，動身

setout(off)for出發去往某處leavefor動身前往某處

makefor駛向某處2、she指代船只、車輛、國家、機器3、crew指船只/飛機工作人員4、by依據、按照

by……standards以……標準

byone’slooks/byone’sappearance根據某人的長