初中英語語法—并列句的用法一、并列句的構成：并列句是由并列連詞and,but,or,for,so等把兩個或兩個以上互不依從，但意思緊密聯系的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子。其結構為：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。二、并列句的分類：表示同等關系的并列句這類并列句常用并列連詞and連接前后簡單句，and常譯為"和〃、“并且〃，也可不譯出來。例如：Helikesplayingfootballandheplayswell.他喜歡踢足球，并且踢得很好。LastyearlmetKateandwebecamefriends.去年我和凱特相遇，我們成了朋友。表示轉折關系的并列句這類并列句常用并列連詞but（但是），yet（可是），while（而，另一方面），however（可是）等連接前后簡單句，but常譯為“但是〃，“可是〃，切不可與附屬連詞though或although一起使用。例如：Ithasnomouth,butitcantalk.它沒有嘴巴,但是它會說話。Schoolisover,yetalltheteachersarestillworking.學校放學了，可是老師們仍舊在工作。Hewantstobeawriter,whileIwanttobeascientist.他想當作家,而我則想當科學家。It'sraininghard,however,wemustgoout.雨下得很大,然而我們必須出去。表示選擇關系的并列句這類并列句常用并列連詞or（或者，否則）等連接前后簡單句。or有兩重含義：（1）譯為“或者〞,表示選擇。例如：Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.現在你可以休息，或者去看電影。（2）譯為“否則〞、“要不然〞,表示條件。例如：Youmusttellthetruth,oryouwillbepunished.你必須說真話，否則你將會受到懲處。表示因果關系的并列句這類并列句常用并列連詞for,so等連接前后簡單句。⑴for在意義上與附屬連詞because,since和as相同，但它們引導的是原因狀語從句，而for則連接兩簡單句，前者表示結果，后者表示原因。其結構為：簡單句(結果)+for+簡單句(原因)。例如：Hehasmanygoodfriends,forheisanhonestman。他有許多好朋友，因為他是個老實的男子漢。(2)so意為“因此〃、“所以〃，但不能與because同時出現在同一個句子中。因為because是附屬連詞，而是并列連詞，用來連接并列句。其結構為：簡單句(原因)+so牛簡單句(結果)。例如：Mr.Liwenttohishometown,soMr.Wangwastakinghisclassinstead.李老師回家鄉去了，所以王老師替二課。其他形式的并列句(1)“祈使句+and+簡單句〃。其中祈使句表示一個條件，并列連詞and引導的簡單句則表示一個較好的結果，謂語常用一般將來時。例如：Useyourhead,andyouwillfindaway.動腦筋，你就會想出方法來。(2)“祈使句+or+簡單句〃。祈使句表示一個條件，并列連詞or后的簡單句則表示一個不愉快或不理想的結果。例如：Studyhard,oryouWillfallbehindtheothers.努力學習，否則你就會落于別人。⑶“either...or〃結構表示“不是……就是……〃，"或者……或者……〃，例如：Eithermyunclecandoit,ormyauntcandoit.我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我嬸嬸也可以做。習慣上將兩個句子合并成Eithermyuncleormyauntcandoit.“notonly...butalso"意思為"不僅 而且 ”，例如：notonlythestudentshavemissedtheschoolcar,butalsotheteacherhasmissedtheschoolcar.不僅學生，而且他們的老師都誤了校車。“neither…nor…〃結構，意為“既不……也不……"，"兩者都不……〃，用法與〔轉載自中國教育文摘 ：〃 edU,請保存此標記。〕either...or...,notonly…butalso...相同。三、使用并列句要注意的幾種情況并列句有時可不用連詞，而用分號隔開(前后句之間的關系須相當緊密)。例如：Wefishedallday;wedidn\'tcatchafish.我們釣了一天的魚，一條魚也沒釣到。并列連詞后的簡單句如果與其前的簡單句有相同的局部，則相同的局部常可省略。例如：Myfatherworksinafactoryandmymotherinaschool.我父親在工廠工作,母親在學校工作。由so,nor,neither連接的并列句，后一簡單句為防止重復，其成份常倒裝并省略一些。例如：Heisnotastudent,noramI.他不是學生,我也不是。Beibeicanswim,socanI.貝貝會游泳,我也會。四、并列句練習題一、單項選擇Workhard, youwillpasstheduringtest.A.orB.butC.becauseD.andStopcuttingtrees, theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.A.andB.thenCbutD.orTheyboughtGrannyapresent shelikeditverymuch.A.andB.soC.butTheyallwenttothecinemaIdidn't.A.getB.orC.butD.so—Hello,Mr.Huang!—I'msorry,Idon'tthinkIknowyou.A.andB.orC.butD.becauseThelittleboyisveryyoung hecanlookafterhimselfwell.A.SoB.butC.ifD.orBillputhishandsbehindhisback, nobodycouldseehishands.A.soB.andC.orD.butNeitheryounorI fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be—Wegetknowledge frombooks fromlife.—Yes,bothareimportant.A.either；orB.notonly；butalsoCneither；norD.not；butMr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,hecan'tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleOfthepills.〔202X年X省中考題〕A.soB.orC.butD.for—Canyouplayfootball?—Yes,Ican,Ican'tplayverywell.〔202X年X市海淀區中考題〕A.orB.andC.soD.butThewarwasoveraboutthreemonthsago, theAmericansoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotoftroubletodealwith.〔202X年X市中考題〕A.orB.andC.butD.soYoumustworkhard,youwillfallbehind.〔202X年X省中考題〕A.andB.butC.soD.orTakeexerciseeveryday,youwillbecomestrongerandstronger.〔202X年X省中考題〕A.orB.andC.butD.whileWorkhard,you'resuretobesuccessfulinthisexam.〔202XX〕A.andB.orC.butD.so—WillyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?—I'mafraiddayispossible.I'llbebusynextweek.A.eitherB.neitherC.bothLilyLucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.〔202XX〕A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;norC.Both;and D.Either;orBecarefulwithyourmachine,you'llbehurt. 〔202XX〕A.andB.butC.orD.so—Didn'tyougiverosestoyourfatheronFather'sDay?—Oh,notonlymyfather,mygrandpagotredroses.〔202XX〕A.orB.andC.butD.until—Howdoyoulikethetwopairsofshoes?—Theydon'tfitmewell.Theyaretoobigtoosmall.〔202XX〕A.notonly;butalsoB.both;andC.neither;norD.either;or(202X^X)—Canyouhelpmewithmybusiness?—I’dliketo, Ihaveameetingtoattend.A.becauseB.asC.butD.and(202X^X)—IhearyourgrandpayourgrandmalikewatchingMinOpera.—Right,justasmanyoldpeopledoinFuzhou.A.both;andB.either;orC.neither;norD.notonly;butalsoWorkhard, you’llpasstheEnglishexamthistime.A.orB.butC.becauseD.andIt’sanicehouse ithasn’tgotagarden.A.andB.orC.butD.so(202X^X)Helpotherswheneveryoucanyou'llmaketheworldanicerplacetolive.A.andB.orC.unlessD.but—Ihavelostmypen.—Usemypen. .A.HereyouareB.HereareyouC.HereisitD.HeretheyareHurry, weshallbelateforschool.A.andB.orC.butD.soSheaskedmetogo, Iwent.A.forB.soC.butD.orThetraindidn’tstop madeusstayatschooluntil7o’clockinthemorning.A.butB.soC.anditD.orShedidn’tliketoplaybasketball, helikessinginganddancing.A.orB.butC.andD.so二、在空格中填入適當的連詞。Shetriedhard,shewasunsuccessful.Putonmoreclothes,youmaycatchcold.Youmaydoityourselfleaveittome.Intheolddayshecouldreadwrite.HecouldreadFrenchspeakitwell.Thereislittlehopeofsuccessthereisnoharmintrying.Heknewnothingagainsttheman;hedidn'ttrusthim.Ican'tbuyanewsuitnow,thisoldonewillhavetodoforabitlonger.Ididn'tknowEnglish,Ihadtoasksomeonetobemyinterpreter.ShemustbefromHunan,onlyHunanesetalkinthatway.Youwalkaheadyouknowthewaybetter.Shedoesn'thavetodoitshedoesn'twantto.hewasgoingoverthenotes,hemadeanimportantdiscovery.Hegotmoreandmoreexcitedhetalkedon.Givemearingyouneedmyhelp.Wecan'tgiveyouananswerwegetinstructionsfromourgovernment.youtakethemedicineyou'llfeelbetter.Theyfoughtbravelytheyknewtheirswasajustcause.Hewentonfightinghewasinjuredintheleg.Thingsdidn'tgosmoothlywehadexpected.三、翻譯以下句子。努力學習，你會成功的。趕快，否則我們會遲到的。我正要出去，這時他來了。他一到達火車站，火車就開了。他是一個好學生，每個人都喜歡他。他一個錯誤也沒犯。眾所周知，他是一個著名的科學家。聽到這個消息，他們很快樂。直到他開始工作，他才意識到自己是錯的。無論怎樣努力，她都無法把門翻開。并列句加強訓練題一.用適當的并列連詞填空〔and,but,so,for,or〕。1．Goalongthestreet， you'llfindtheshop．2．Theweatherwasverycold, manypeoplewereill．3．Peoplethinkwelookthesame, Icanseethatwe'redifferent．4．Iknowhim Ican'trememberhisname．5．Youmaygowithhim stayathome．6．Let'stakethestoneaway, theremaybeanaccident．7．Theshopwasquitenew, ithadopenedonlytheweekbefore．8．Myglasseswerebroken, Ineedanewpair．二.選擇填空。—Becareful,youwillmakemistakesinyourexams.—Iknowthat,Mum.Onecanneverbetoocareful．A．and B．orC．norD．butWorkhard,youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.or B.butC.and D.yet—WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChineseinBeijingin202X?—Idon'tthinkso.NowtheyoungtheoldarelearningtospeakEnglish.A.only,exceptB.either,orC.neither,norD.notonly,butalsoyouheisabletoski,butIam.A.Both,andB.Notonly,butalsoC.Either,orD.Neither,norI’dliketogoshoppingwithyou,I'mtoobusytoday.A.but B.and C.so D.or一WhoinTom'sfamilywillcometoyourbirthdayparty?一EitherTom anyofhissistersiscoming.A.and B.but C.or D.nor一Youwatchedthefashionshowlastnight,didn'tyou?-Yes,Imissedthebeginning.A.soB.andC.butD.thenLucyLilymaygototheconcertwithyou,becausetheyarenotallowedtogooutonschoolnights.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Notonly;butalso—Somebodyiswaitingoutside.Hewantstoseeyou.—nooneknowsI'mhere.A.For B.And C.But D.SoHurryup,youwillbelateforthefilm.A.yet B.and C.but D.or11．Workhard， you'llcatchupwithothers．A．andB．butC．orD．for12．Bequick， you'llbelateforthefootballmatch．A．