高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省七市州教科研協作體2023-2024學年高三下二模英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節,滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節,滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopaloveforreadinginyourkids,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.?WhenandWhereIstheFair?Thismuch-lovedSouthFloridaeventwillbeheldfromMay12to18,2024attheMDCWolfsonCampusPlazainDowntownMiami.?WhattoExpectattheFair?Thisyear,thefairwillfeaturemorethan400celebratedauthorsfromaroundtheworld.Therewillbearichcollectionofwritersandtheirworksofalmosteverytypeunderthesun.Readerscannotonlyexploreartsandcrafts,butalsoexperiencefacepaintingandbookgiveaways.Forgreenwriters,it’saplacetoconnectwiththeirfavoriteeditors.Forbooklovers,it’sanopportunitytogetautographs(親筆簽名)frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.Duringthisweek-longbookfeast,youwillfindagroupofeventsrunningfrommorningtonight.?HowMuchDoestheFairCost?OnFriday.thefairisfree.OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foranadultforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidaged13-18is$5perday.Somarkyourcalendars,headtoDowntownMiami,andenjoyyourselfintheheartofthecity’sliteraryscene.1.Whatcanvisitorsdoatthefair?A.Donateusedbooks. B.ExploreDowntownMiami.C.Enjoyadinnerparty. D.Interactwithpopularauthors.2.Howmuchshouldacouplewithtwokidsunder12payfortheSundayfair?A.$30. B.$25. C.$20. D.$15.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertiseafair. B.Toraisemoney.C.Tointroduceacity. D.Torecommendbooks.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了2024年邁阿密書展的相關信息，包括書展的時間、地點、活動內容和門票價格等?！即鸢浮?.D2.C3.A【1題詳析】細節理解題。根據?WhattoExpectattheFair?部分中“Forbooklovers,it’sanopportunitytogetautographs(親筆簽名)frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.(對于書迷來說，這是一個獲得許多知名作家簽名并向他們提問的機會)”可知，游客在書展上可以與知名作家互動。故選D項?！?題詳析】細節理解題。根據?HowMuchDoestheFairCost?部分中“OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foranadultforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidaged13—18is$5perday.(在周六或周日，成人一天的票價是10美元，或者你可以花15美元買一張兩天的出入證。12歲以下的孩子可以免費參加，13—18歲的孩子每天5美元)”可知，星期天成人票價10美元，12歲以下孩子免費，所以一對夫婦和兩個12歲以下的孩子星期天參加書展只需要20美元。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結合第一段中“Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopaloveforreadinginyourkids,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.(無論你是一個終身書蟲，還是想培養孩子對閱讀的熱愛，2024年邁阿密書展都是為你準備的)”和下文對書展的介紹可知，文章的目的是為書展做廣告。故選A項。BEverymorningontheislandofOahu,studentsatPu’?halaElementarygatheronafieldastoweringmountainswatchthemfromthemist.Theirdaystartswithsongsin‘?leloHawai’i,theislands’nativelanguage,restatingvaluesofrespectandjusticethattheirteachershopewillguidethemthroughtheireducation,andthroughouttheirlives.Likemostkidstheirage,they’renotconcernedaboutthesignificanceofthelanguagethey’relearning.Still,theyhaveaweightyresponsibility:toreceivethetorch(火炬)andensurethesecurityof‘?leloHawai’iforfuturegenerations.Itwasonly50yearsagothatthelanguagewasontheedgeofextinction.Thoughthesituationismuchimproved,inmanyways‘?leloHawai’iisstillonlifesupport.Teacherssaythere’sahugeenthusiasmforschoolkidstolearnthelanguage,butastheygrowup,they’reencouragedtofocuson“moreuseful”subjectsanduseEnglish,whicharebelievedtoassisttheminachievingsuccessintheirwork.In2016,therewere18,610Hawaiianspeakersontheislands.“Onehundredthousandistheapproximatenumberofspeakersneededtoconsiderthelanguagesafe,”saysSolomon,professorofHawaiianlanguageatUniversityofHawai’iatManoa.“Theideaisthatthereareenoughpeoplepassingitontothenextgeneration,socializingtheirchildrentousethelanguageinalldomainsoflife,toexpressallthoughtsandneedsanddesires.”Fortunately,thekidsofPu’?halaElementarywilltaketheresponsibilitytocontinuetheworkofthecurrentyoungadultsdefendingthelanguage,expandingaccessto‘?leloHawai’iinpartthroughTikTokandInstagram,andmakingthelanguageapracticalskillinadulthood.Theseyouth,alongwiththosecommittedtorecoveringthelanguagefrompreviousgenerations,sharetheirhopesforthebetter.4.WhatarethestudentsatPu’?halaElementaryexpectedtodo?A.Tofigureoutthevalueoflife. B.TogooutoftheislandofOahu.C.Topasstheirnativelanguagedown. D.Todrawpeople’sattentiontofolksongs.5.Whatmakesthestudentsabandon‘?leloHawai’i?A.Careerdevelopment. B.Theimprovedsituation.C.Lackofenthusiasm. D.Littleeducationalsupport.6.Whatisthecurrentsituationof‘?leloHawai’iaccordingtoprofessorSolomon?A.Itisusedinallwalksoflife. B.Itisconsideredasafelanguage.C.Itdemandsmorespeakerstobesafe. D.Ithasonehundredthousandspeakers.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureof‘?leloHawai’i?A.Worried. B.Hopeful. C.Unclear. D.Reserved.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了夏威夷島上普奧哈拉小學學生學習母語夏威夷語的情景，承載著保護和傳承夏威夷語言文化的責任。雖然夏威夷語曾經瀕臨滅絕，但現在學生們積極學習，努力傳承著這門語言。文章表達了對未來傳承和發展夏威夷語的期望和希望。〖答案〗4.C5.A6.C7.B【4題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“theyhaveaweightyresponsibility:toreceivethetorch(火炬)andensurethesecurityof‘ōleloHawai’iforfuturegenerations.”（他們仍然肩負著重大責任：接受火炬并確保子孫后代的夏威夷語的安全。）可知，Pu’?hala小學的學生應該把他們的母語傳承下去。故選C項。【5題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第三段“they’reencouragedtofocuson‘moreuseful’subjectsanduseEnglish,whicharebelievedtoassisttheminachievingsuccessintheirwork.”（他們被鼓勵專注于“更有用”的科目并使用英語，這被認為有助于他們在工作中取得成功。）可知，很多學生為了工作發展，放棄夏威夷語言的學習。故選A項。【6題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第三段中“In2016,therewere18,610Hawaiianspeakersontheislands.”（2016年，島上有18610名講夏威夷語的人。）以及第四段“Onehundredthousandistheapproximatenumberofspeakersneededtoconsiderthelanguagesafe,”（認為該語言安全所需的使用者人數大約為十萬人）可知，目前夏威夷語言的使用者遠達不到安全數量100000，因此需要更多使用者才能確保該語言的安全。故選C項。【7題詳析】觀點態度題。由文章最后一段“Theseyouth,alongwiththosecommittedtorecoveringthelanguagefrompreviousgenerations,sharetheirhopesforthebetter.”（這些年輕人與那些致力于恢復前幾代人的語言的人一起，分享著他們對更好的希望。）可推知作者對夏威夷語言的未來持積極樂觀態度。A.Worried擔心；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Unclear不清楚的；D.Reserved保留的。B項符合此處語境。故選B項。CAnewstudyinvolvingnearly50,000peoplefromfourcontinentsoffersnewinsightsintoidentifyingthequantityofdailywalkingstepsthatwillbestimproveadults’healthandlongevity(長壽),andwhethertheidealnumberofstepsdiffersacrosspeopleofdifferentages.Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated10,000-step-a-daysayinggrewoutofadecades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanesepedometer(計步器),withnosciencetobackitup.LedbyphysicalactivityprofessorAmandaPaluch,aninternationalgroupofscientistsconductedanexperimentamongadultsaged18andolder.Theygroupedthenearly50,000participantsintofourcomparativegroupsaccordingtoaveragestepsperday.Theloweststepgroupaveraged3,500steps;thesecond,5,800;thethird,7,800;andthefourth,10,900stepsperday.Amongthethreehigheractivegroups,therewasa40—53%lowerriskofdeath,comparedtotheloweststepgroup.Morespecifically,foradults60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout6,000—8,000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8,000—10,000stepsperday.“So,whatwesawwasthiscontinuingreductioninriskasthenumberofstepsincreases,untilitlevelsoff.Interestingly,thestudyfoundnodefinitiveassociationwithwalkingspeed.”Paluchsays.ThenewstudysupportsandexpandsfindingsfromanotherstudyledbyPaluchbefore,whichfoundthatwalkingatleast7,000stepsadayreducedmiddle-agedpeople’sriskofearlydeath.“There’salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity.”Paluchsays.“Morestepsperdayarebetterforyourhealth.”8.Whydidthescientistscarryoutthenewstudy?A.Toknowaboutpeople’shealthcondition.B.Toexplainthepedometer’sworkingprinciples.C.Todeterminethebestphysicalactivityforpeople.D.Toprovideascientificguidelineondailywalking.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“leveledoff”inparagraph3mean?A.Turnedhigher. B.Becamestable. C.Fellsharply. D.Changedrapidly.10.Whatdoestheexperimentfind?A.Theoldshouldwalkasmuchaspossible.B.Youngpeopleusuallywalkmorethantheold.C.Themostbeneficialstepsdifferbyagegroups.D.Walkingpaceisthekeytoavoidingearlydeath.11.WhatdoesPaluchadvisepeopledoinglittleactivitytodo?A.Towalkmoresteps. B.Tocontrolwalkingspeed.C.Tolimitwalkingdistance. D.Totrackthenumberofsteps.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了一項新研究對四大洲近5萬人進行了分析，確定了能夠最大程度改善健康、延長壽命的每日步數，同時調查了不同年齡段的人每日最佳步數是否有所不同。〖答案〗8.D9.B10.C11.A【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段中的“Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated10,000-step-a-daysayinggrewoutofadecades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanesepedometer(計步器),withnosciencetobackitup.(這項研究代表了一項關于體育活動益處的循證公共衛生信息的開發工作。這個每天一萬步經常被重復的說法源于幾十年前日本計步器的營銷活動，沒有科學依據。)”可知，現有的觀點缺乏科學依據，本項研究旨在為科學的走路步數提供證據，由此可推知本研究旨在為日常走路鍛煉提供科學指導。故選D?！?題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據畫線短語后面的“meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity”可知，多余的步數并不會增加額外的好處，由此可推知步數到達一定量之后降低死亡的風險趨于穩定，不再變化?！發eveledoff”意為“保持水平，保持平穩發展”，與Becamestable意思相近。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Morespecifically,foradults60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout6,000—8,000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8,000—10,000stepsperday.(更具體地說，對于60歲及以上的成年人來說，過早死亡的風險穩定在每天6000—8000步左右，這意味著更多的步數對壽命沒有額外的好處，而對于60歲以下的成年人來說大約是每天8000—10000步。)”可推知，年齡不同，最佳效果步數也不一樣。故選C。【11題詳析】細節理解題。根據最后一段Paluch所說的“There’salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity.(有很多證據表明，多運動一點是有益的，尤其是對那些活動很少的人來說。)”和“Morestepsperdayarebetterforyourhealth.(每天多走幾步對你的健康有益。)”可知，不運動的人，增加走路步數對健康有益，因此可知Paluch建議不運動的人應該增加走路步數。故選A。DDespiteitsbenefits,drinkingmilkintoadulthood,letaloneotheranimals’milk,isastrangebehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Whatmakesitevenstrangeristhatanestimated68percentoftheglobalhumanpopulationisactuallylactose(乳糖)intolerant.Scientistsarestillgettingtothebottomofwhythepracticebeganandcontinued.ThisresearchcouldunlocknewunderstandingsofourfoodculturesandevenourDNA.Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9.000yearstomodern-dayTurkeyneartheseaofMarmara.wheremilkfatshavebeenfoundonancientpottery.AccordingtoJessicaHendy.ascientistattheUniversityofYork.thenmilkwouldhavebeenpartofadiversedietforitwasmixedwithotherfood.Fromitsorigins,thetechnologyofmakinguseofmilkspreadintotheCaucasusandthenacrossEurope.BytheBronzeAge,peoplemayhavebeenusingcow’smilktofeedtheirbabies.Foralongtime,researchersbelievedthatmilkdrinkingchangedasaculturalpracticehandinhandwiththespreadofgeneticmutations(變異)thatallowedpeopletotoleratemilkintoadulthood.Butonerecentfindingsuggestsmilkdrinkingoccurredbeforethesemutationsandmightnotevenrequirethem.InEurope.peopleappeartohavebeendrinkingmilkforthousandsofyearsbeforeanygeneticabilitytodrinkmilkbecamecommon.Theancientcheesemakingequipmentmightofferpartofthesolution:Fermenting(發酵)milkintoyogurt.cheese,orotherproductsreducestheamountoflactose.InMongolia.researchershavenotyetfoundageneticmutationthatallowspeopletodigestlactose,despitethemajorroleofmilkinthatculture.Sosomescientistsheldthattheremightbeotherpotentialfactorshelping.Whatwedoknowaboutthehistoryofmilkrevealshowwrong-headedone-size-fits-allnutritionalguidancecanbe.InmodernAmerica.milkdrinkinghasbeenpresentedasauniversalgood.Inreality,howmilkispreparedcanchangethenutritionalpicture,andhowmuchourbodiesprocessdepends,atleastinpart.onourowngenes.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutmilkdrinkingfromparagraph2?A.Itusedtobeasymbolofidentity. B.Itinitiallystartedwithlittlebabies.C.Itwasthekeydietofancientpeople. D.Ithasbeenahumantraditionforlong.13.WhydoestheauthormentionEuropeinparagraph3?A.Togiveasuggestion. B.Todefineaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Toclarifyafinding.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Milkconsumptionfunctionsasacure-all.B.Milkintakevariesfrompersontoperson.C.Milk’snutritionalvalueisbeyondimagination.D.One’smilkdigestiveabilitychangesconstantly.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheMysteryofDrinkingMilkB.TheProcessofGeneticMutationsC.ThePhenomenonofLactoseIntoleranceD.TheTechnologyofMakingMilkProducts【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，探討了人類飲用動物奶對動物界行為的異類行為，以及乳糖不耐受現象。科學家們正在研究飲奶習慣的起源及延續的原因，并認為這項研究可能揭示食物文化和DNA的新理解。文章提到了早期的動物奶飲用證據以及飲奶技術的傳播過程，以及最近的研究發現，強調了單一的營養指導可能會忽視個體差異和文化背景。〖答案〗12.D13.D14.B15.A【12題詳析】細節理解題。由文章第二段“Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9,000years”（飲用動物奶的最早證據可以追溯到近九千年前的現代土耳其馬爾馬拉海附近。）可知，第二段說明了使用牛奶作為食物是人類長久以來的傳統。故選D項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“ InEurope.peopleappeartohavebeendrinkingmilkforthousandsofyearsbeforeanygeneticabilitytodrinkmilkbecamecommon.Theancientcheesemakingequipmentmightofferpartofthesolution:Fermenting(發酵)milkintoyogurt.cheese,orotherproductsreducestheamountoflactose.”（在歐洲。在喝牛奶的遺傳能力變得普遍之前，人們似乎已經喝牛奶了數千年。古老的奶酪制作設備可能提供部分解決方案：將牛奶發酵成酸奶。奶酪或其他產品可以減少乳糖的含量。）以及“onerecentfindingsuggestsmilkdrinkingoccurredbeforethesemutationsandmightnotevenrequirethem.”（但最近的一項發現表明，喝牛奶發生在這些突變之前，甚至可能不需要它們。）可知作者提到歐洲是為了闡明一項研究發現。故選D項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Whatwedoknowaboutthehistoryofmilkrevealshowwrong-headedone-size-fits-allnutritionalguidancecanbe.”（我們對牛奶歷史的了解揭示了一刀切的營養指導是多么錯誤。）以及“Inreality,howmilkispreparedcanchangethenutritionalpicture,andhowmuchourbodiesprocessdepends,atleastinpart.onourowngenes.”（事實上，牛奶的制備方式可以改變營養狀況，而我們的身體消化多少取決于，至少部分取決于。取決于我們自己的基因。）可推知牛奶的吸收因人而異。故選B項。【15題詳析】標題歸納題。根據第一段中“Whatmakesitevenstrangeristhatanestimated68percentoftheglobalhumanpopulationisactuallylactose(乳糖)intolerant.”（更奇怪的是，據估計全球68%的人口實際上患有乳糖不耐癥。）、第二段中“Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9,000years”（飲用動物奶的最早證據可以追溯到近九千年前的現代土耳其馬爾馬拉海附近。）以及最后一段中“researchershavenotyetfoundageneticmutationthatallowspeopletodigestlactose,despitethemajorroleofmilkinthatculture.Sosomescientistsheldthattheremightbeotherpotentialfactorshelping.”可知全文主要涉及“人們如何開始食用牛奶”“為何部分人乳糖不耐受”“基因突變既然不是人們能夠消化牛奶的原因，那么是什么因素讓人們可以吸收牛奶”等問題展開，歸納起來即為“牛奶食用之謎”。故選A項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文學家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.____16____Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.Iammostinterestedintheimpactofwarmingtemperaturesonsnowmeltingrates,andIhavestartedstudyingsnowmeltsince2009inUtahandColorado.WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.____17____It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉積)ontosnow.____18____Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(鏟子)todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.Oneyear,Ihitadustyareaofsnow,brokemyskiandslicedmylegopen.Inareaswithheavydustdeposition,suchasthesouthernRockyMountains,dustspeedsupmeltingbyoneortwomonths.Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.____19____I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.____20____Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently.A.Thedustcausedalotoftrouble.B.Iwentformilesinthewilderness.C.Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.D.Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.E.InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.F.Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.G.Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了雪水文學家McKenzieSkiles的研究工作及其意義?！即鸢浮?6.G17.E18.C19.F20.D【16題詳析】根據上文“MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文學家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.(我叫McKenzieSkiles，是鹽湖城猶他大學的雪水文學家)”以及下文“Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.(實際上，目的是追蹤灰塵對水資源的影響)”可知，這里介紹了自己的身份和職業并指出實際上工作的目的是追蹤灰塵對水資源的影響。因此，這里需要一個句子來銜接上下文，并解釋自己的工作具體是什么，與G項“Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.(我的工作是每年春天在野外滑雪，測量雪上的灰塵)”表達的含義一致，故選G項?！?7題詳析】根據上文“WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.(當我滑雪到猶他州的研究地點為我的實驗收集雪時，山區景觀被灰塵覆蓋)”以及下文“It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉積)ontosnow.(很明顯，2009年是雪上灰塵沉積最多的年份之一)”可知，這句話描述了在猶他州的研究地點滑雪收集雪樣時，山區景觀被灰塵覆蓋的情景。接下來，需要找到一個句子，它既能與上句中的描述相聯系，又能為下句提供背景或證據，E項“InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.(在科羅拉多州，沙漠土壤中的紅色灰塵也被吹進來了)”表達的含義符合語境，故選E項?！?8題詳析】根據下文“Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(鏟子)todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.(我通常要走幾公里，帶著一個27公斤重的包和一把鏟子挖雪洞，帶著削雪和測量雪密度的工具，帶著收集雪進行分析的容器)”可知，此處表達的是作者的研究工作不是一件容易的事，與C項“Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.(做我的研究絕非易事)”表達的含義一致，故選C項?！?9題詳析】根據上文“Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.(氣溫升高會影響積雪，但隨著時間的推移，灰塵會堆積起來，使地表變暗)”這句話表明了兩個事實：一是空氣溫度的升高會影響雪的積聚，二是隨著時間的推移，灰塵會不斷積累并使雪的表面變黑。接下來，需要找到一個合適的句子來承接這個描述，并解釋灰塵使雪的表面變黑之后可能產生的后果，與F項“Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.(因此，雪會吸收更多的陽光，加速融化)”表達的含義一致，故選F項?！?0題詳析】根據上文“I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.(我現在正在探索不同的冰雪景觀，以便進一步研究。例如，森林火災后黑碳的積累如何影響融化)”以及下文“Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently(隨著我們進入一個可能更加塵土飛揚的未來，我們需要他們預測融雪，原因有很多，包括研究如何有效利用美國西部的水)”可知，此處表示的是作者正在探索不同的冰雪景觀以進行進一步的研究，并給出了一個具體的例子，即森林火災后黑色碳的積累如何影響融化。接下來，作者談到了未來可能會更加多塵的環境，并強調了預測雪融化的重要性，包括如何在美國西部有效利用水資源，在這個背景下，需要找到一個句子來連接上文中關于雪融化的研究與下文中對未來環境的預測以及水資源利用的討論，D項“Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.(目標之一是開發融雪模型)”表達的含義一致，故選D項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節,滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwide.Thereareactuallyrecordsgoingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot____21____.Thecommunityovenswereplaceswherepeoplechattedtogetherwhiletheirfoodwas____22____.Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas____23____theuniqueapproach.It____24____tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which____25____takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.It’sreportedthatduetotheincreasingcostoffuel,manyindividualscannot____26____toleavetheirovensonthatlong.OwnerEdHamilton-TrewhitttoldtheBBC,“We’ve____27____theideaofacommunityovenfromancienttimes.Peoplecan____28____theircakebase(胚)athome.But____29____beingbakedintheirownovens,itcanbe_____30_____toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking.”“Itstruckmethatifonewas_____31_____abouttheenergycostsofbakingtheChristmascake,therewouldbelotsmoreoutthere_____32_____thesamesituation,”headded.“Inthebigpicture,itcostsmesolittlebutmakesamassive_____33_____.”Theresponsetothisattempthasbeenso_____34_____thatHamilton-Trewhitthasprovidedthe_____35_____untilrightbeforeChristmas.Afterall,that’swhatbeingagoodneighborisallabout.21.A.reliable B.available C.safe D.useful22.A.saved B.shared C.displayed D.cooked23.A.witnessed B.suggested C.adopted D.advertised24.A.offers B.fails C.declines D.happens25.A.exactly B.hardly C.typically D.occasionally26.A.afford B.wait C.fear D.refuse27.A.challenged B.explained C.removed D.reintroduced28.A.bake B.prepare C.cut D.enjoy29.A.insteadof B.regardlessof C.dueto D.asfor30.A.returned B.delivered C.sold D.lent31.A.excited B.curious C.upset D.certain32.A.accustomedto B.devotedto C.satisfiedwith D.facedwith33.A.difference B.profit C.decision D.development34.A.direct B.positive C.complex D.timely35.A.food B.fuel C.recipe D.service【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Brickyard面包店沿用了古老的社區烤箱的想法，給人們提供了可以邊聊天邊烤食物的服務，這也幫助節省了顧客烘烤的燃料費用?！即鸢浮?1.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，有記錄可以追溯到12世紀，當時還沒有家用烤箱。A.reliable可依靠的；B.available可用的，可獲得的；C.safe安全的；D.useful有用的。根據上文中的“Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwide.(社區烤箱是全世界有數百年歷史的傳統。)”和空前的“recordsgoingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot”可知，社區烤箱有上百年歷史，它能追溯到12世紀，當時沒有家用烤箱。故選B。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：社區烤爐是人們在烤食物時一起聊天的地方。A.saved節省；B.shared分享；C.displayed展示；D.cooked煮（或烘烤、煎炸等）。根據句中的“Thecommunityovens”和下文中的“bakecakes”可知，社區烤箱給人們提供邊聊天邊烤食物的場所。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：快進到今天，Brickyard面包店采用了這種獨特的方法。A.witnessed目睹；B.suggested建議；C.adopted采用；D.advertised做廣告。根據空后的“theuniqueapproach”和下文中的“It________tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which______takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社區烤箱這種獨特的方法。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它為顧客提供烤蛋糕的服務，并為他們提供一個可以待的溫暖地方，同時讓他們在烤箱里烤蛋糕，通常需要四個或更多小時。A.offers主動提出，提供；B.fails失敗，未能；C.declines下降；D.happens發生。根據空后的“tobakecakesforcustomers andprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostay

”可知，Brickyard面包店為顧客提供烤蛋糕的服務。且下文“thatHamilton-Trewhitthasprovided

”也是〖提示〗。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.exactly精確地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.typically通常，一般；D.occasionally偶爾。根據空后的“takefourormorehourstobake”并結合常識可知，烤蛋糕通常需要四個或更多小時。故選C。【26題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：據報道，由于燃料成本的增加，許多人無法承受烤箱開那么久。A.afford買得起，負擔得起；B.wait等待；C.fear害怕；D.refuse拒絕。根據句中的“duetotheincreasingcostoffuel”可知，由于燃料成本上升，許多個人支付不起開太久烤箱的燃料費用。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們重新引入了舊時社區烤箱的想法。A.challenged向……挑戰；B.explained解釋；C.removed移開；D.reintroduced再次使用，重新引入。根據上文中的“Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas_______theuniqueapproach.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社區烤箱這種古老的做法，也就是重新引入了這種傳統想法。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們可以在家里準備蛋糕胚。A.bake烘烤；B.prepare準備；C.cut切，割；D.enjoy喜愛。根據空后的“theircakebase(胚)athome”和下文中的“itcanbe_______toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking”可知，顧客可以在家準備好蛋糕胚，然后在面包店烘烤。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：但不是在自己的烤箱里烤制，而是可以送到我們的面包店進行大量烘焙。A.insteadof而不是；B.regardlessof不管；C.dueto由于；D.asfor至于?！癰eingbakedintheirownovens”和“itcanbe___toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking”之間是替代關系，這里是說可以在面包店大量烘焙，而不是在家里的烤箱烘焙。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.returned返回；B.delivered運載，交付；C.sold賣；D.lent借出。根據空后的“toourbakery”可知，這里表示把蛋糕胚拿到面包店里烤制。故選B。【31題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他補充道：“我突然想到，如果有人對烤圣誕蛋糕的能源成本感到煩惱，那么外面還會有更多人面臨同樣的情況?！盇.excited興奮的；B.curious好奇的；C.upset失望，難過，煩惱的；D.certain肯定的。根據空后的“abouttheenergycostsofbakingtheChristmascake”和上文中的“duetotheincreasingcostoffuel,manyindividualscannot______toleavetheirovensonthatlong”可知，這里表示對烤圣誕蛋糕的高昂能源成本感到煩惱。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意參考上題。A.accustomedto習慣于；B.devotedto致力于；C.satisfiedwith滿意；D.facedwith面對。根據空后的“thesamesituation”可知，這里表示有更多人面臨著同樣的情況。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：總的來說，它花費我很少，但卻產生了巨大的影響。A.difference差異，不同；B.profit利潤；C.decision決定；D.development發展。結合前文提到社區烤箱不僅可以節約個人開銷還可以把社區的居民集中到一起可知，這里是說社區烤箱這種服務能夠產生巨大影響。makeadifference意為“起作用，有影響”。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對這一嘗試的反應是如此積極，以至于Hamilton-Trewhitt一直提供這項服務，直到圣誕節前。A.direct直接的；B.positive積極的；C.complex復雜的；D.timely及時的。根據句中的“Hamilton-Trewhitthasprovidedthe________untilrightbeforeChristmas”可知，Hamilton-Trewhitt一直提供這項服務，直到圣誕節前，由此可知，人們對社區烤箱的反應非常積極。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.food食物；B.fuel燃料；C.recipe食譜；D.service服務。根據上文中的“It_______tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which_______takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.”可知，社區烤箱是Brickyard面包店提供的烘焙服務。故選D。第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep____36____(far),spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancientwonder.____37____68-year-old,aself-taughtarchitectfromtheUS,madethemostimportantdecisionofhislifetomovetoChinain1986,ayearbeforetheGreatWall____38____(list)asaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Today,SpearcallsMutianyuvillagehome.Inthisquietplace,____39____(locate)atthefootoftheMutianyusectionoftheGreatWall,heliveswithhisdoginahomewithacourtyardgardenhetended____40____(he).Asanarchitect,notonlydidSpearrenovate(翻新)hisowndreamhouse,____41____comeswithmultipleviewsoftheGreatWall,buthealsoexploredwaystoboostthelocalbusinessandsupportruralresidents.Overtheyears,thearchitect____42____(help)renovatearound20householdsinMutianyu,mostofwhichnowoperate____43____hotelsorrestaurants,while____44____(do)hisbesttopreservetheoriginalstructuresasmuchaspossible.In_____45_____(recognize)ofhiscontributions,SpearwasgiventheGreatWallFriendshipAwardin2014.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了建筑師JimSpear幫助改造了慕田峪的大約20戶人家，為了表彰他的貢獻，2014年，斯皮爾被授予“長城友誼獎”?！即鸢浮?6.further37.The38.waslisted39.located40.himself41.which42.hashelped43.as44.do