專題十主旨要義

Passage1

Unicyclesareone-wheeledvehiclesthatdevelopedfromtheoriginalbicycle,

thePennyFarthing,whichconsistedofalargefrontwheelandamuchsmallerback

wheel.Whenthisbikehitbumps（凸塊）orsuddenlysloweddown,thebackwheelcame

offtheground,somanyriderslearnedtobalanceonjustthefrontwheel.Thus,

bicyclemakersbeganmakingvehicleswithjustonewheel.

Someofthebenefitsofridingaunicycleincludeburningcalories,and

increasingyourlevelsofcoordination（協(xié)調(diào)），concentrationandbalance.Because

unicyclesdonthaveanyhandlebars,ridersmustbalanceusingonlytheirabdominal

（腹部的）musclesandlegmuscles.ThiShelpsyoubuildahealthiercore.Longcycling

sessionsalsoincreaseyourheartrate,whichcanleadtoahealthiercardiovascular

（心血管的）system.Ridingaunicycleisaneffectivewaytogetinalow-impact

workoutforthosewithdamagedkneesandlegs.

Unicyclingisafunactivityregardlessofyourabilitylevel.Ridingaunicycle

isself-motivatingandpsychologicallystimulatingbecauseyouwillnotice

improvementseachtimeyouride.Somepeoplefindthatitgivesthemfeelingsof

controlwhentheycanachievebalancingandridingonjustonewheel.

Someridersusetheirunicyclesastheirprimarymodeoftransportationforwork

orschool.Becauseunicyclesdontrequireanytypeoffuel,youcansavemoney

atthepump.Unicyclesalsohaveonlyafewmovingpartsthatmightbreak.Thismeans

thatyoutypicallydonthavetospendmuchmoneyonrepairs.Youalsowontneed

tospendmoneyonstoringortransportingyourunicycle.

Unicyclingisasomewhatuncommonactivity.Becauseofthis,asenseofunity

tendstogrowamongunicycleriders.Manyriderstravelsignificantdistancesjust

togoonridesandspendtimewithotherunicyclists.Unicyclingisoftenafamily

activity,andridingtogethercanbringfamilymemberscloser.

1.Whywastheone-wheeledvehiclecreated?

A.BecauseitwasmorebeneficialtooneShealth.

1

B.Becauseitwasmorelikelytoavoidroadbumps.

C.Becausethefrontwheelonlycouldalsobeusedforbalancing.

D.Becauseabicyclesbackwheelwasntfixedwell.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"inParagraph2referto?

Λ.Havingahandlebar.B.Stoppingaunicycle.

C.Increasingstrength.D.Balancingaunicycle.

3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Typicalfeaturesofcycling.

B.Basicmodesoftransportation.

C.Economicbenefitsofunicycling.

D.Waystostoreandtransportunicycles.

4.Thetextismainlywrittento.

?.introducebenefitsofunicycling

B.showhowunicyclesarespread

C.displayvarietiesofunicycles

D.advocateteenagerscycling

答案

[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為科學(xué)與進(jìn)步。本文介紹

了獨(dú)輪車的發(fā)明及其益處。

[?rrμ獨(dú)輪車的開發(fā)過程

burningcalories,andincreasing

[Para,2）-yourlevelsofc∞r(nóng)dination,

concentrationandbalance

騎輪

獨(dú)

車來

帶

的處

益JPara.3}—SeIf-motivatingandpsychologically

'stimulating

[p*4?~savemoney

?（Para.51—asenseofunitytendstogrow

1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:為什么發(fā)明獨(dú)輪車？根據(jù)第1段中的“Thus,bicycle

makersbeganmakingvehicleswithjustoneWheeL"（因此,自行車制造廠家開始制造

獨(dú)輪車）可知本句前面的句子“Whenthisbikehitbumps...,?gjjg嘆工jj?g???gg??蟻?g

balanceor?jqstthefrQntWhee1”（......所以許多騎手學(xué)會(huì)了只靠前輪保持平衡）為解本

題的關(guān)鍵句，故答案為C項(xiàng)（因?yàn)橹挥星拜喴部杀挥脕肀３制胶猓?/p>

2

2.D猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第2段中畫線詞“This”指的是什么？根據(jù)前一句（因?yàn)?/p>

獨(dú)輪車沒有車把,所以騎手必須只用腹部肌肉和腿部肌肉來保持平衡。）可知答案為D項(xiàng)（平

衡獨(dú)輪車）。

3.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:第4段的中心意思是什么？第4段主要講的是獨(dú)輪車在使

用、維修方面經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠,不需要花許多錢,故答案為C項(xiàng)（騎獨(dú)輪車的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益）O

4.Λ主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的主要寫作目的是o本文主要介紹了騎獨(dú)輪

車在健康、社交及經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的益處,故選A（介紹騎獨(dú)輪車的益處）。

Passage2

Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.Whodoesnt

longforafavoriteChinesedish?Butthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerning

ChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecoming

increasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood”.

Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveoneswell-beingoravoid

sickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoil

（麻油）hotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelieved

thatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,

stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,

areseenas"hot",whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenas

“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither"hot"or“cold”

food.However,howmuch“hot"or"cold"foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetime

oftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andthe

individualshealth.

Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodsforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthe

Cateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicine,suchaswolfberry（枸杞），canbefound

onmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialaddition

toadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasover-workedofficestaff,inneed

ofamodestpick-me-up.

So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,

orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpigsbrainsoup,youmayfind

thatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicyouwerelookingfor.

3

1.Whatisthepresentsituationoftonicfood?

A.Itiscatchinglessattention.

B.Itisenjoyedbymanyyoungpeople.

C.Itiswellknownworldwide.

D.Itisbecomingincreasinglypopular.

2.Whatisbelievedtobenefitnewmothers?

A.Chinesecabbage.B.Fruittea.

C.Asesameoilhotpot.D.Pigsbrainsoup.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“catering“underlinedinParagraph3?

A.Medicine.B.Restaurant.C.Education.D.Fashion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheCharmofChineseCuisine

B.ThePopularityofTonicFood

C.AnIntroductiontoChineseTonicFood

D.DifferencesbetweenHotFoodandColdFood

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為中國傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。

文章介紹了中國古老的“食補(bǔ)”習(xí)俗的現(xiàn)狀、功效以及滋補(bǔ)食品對(duì)現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影響。

―(PHmI中國滋補(bǔ)食品的現(xiàn)狀

(Chinz］(para??中國滋補(bǔ)食品的功效

啜；仙.—恒己一中國滋補(bǔ)食品對(duì)現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影晌

TPara.4：倡導(dǎo)人們食用滋補(bǔ)食品

1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:滋補(bǔ)食品的現(xiàn)狀是怎樣的?根據(jù)第一段中BUtthereis

oneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofinthe

West,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—the

ancientcustomofαtonicfood”.(但關(guān)于中國食品有一個(gè)有趣的觀念---古老的“食補(bǔ)”

習(xí)俗,它在西方幾乎是聞所未聞,在東方也越來越被年輕人忽略。)可知：“食補(bǔ)”習(xí)俗如今越

來越不受關(guān)注了，故選A項(xiàng)。

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:人們認(rèn)為什么對(duì)產(chǎn)婦有益?根據(jù)第二段中Forinstance,

itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayfor

thefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefit

4

themuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthe

body.（例如,在過去產(chǎn)婦在生完孩子第一個(gè)月里,每天都要吃麻油火鍋,這是一種習(xí)俗。人們

認(rèn)為這道菜對(duì)肌肉有益,減少疼痛,促進(jìn)血液循環(huán),刺激出汗,使身體暖和。）可知：人們認(rèn)為麻

油火鍋對(duì)產(chǎn)婦有益,故選C項(xiàng)。

3.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:下列哪一項(xiàng)能最好解釋第三段中的畫線詞“catering”？

根據(jù)后文Chineseherbalmedicine,suchaswolfberry,canbefoundonmanya

restaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.（中

草藥,如枸杞,可以在許多餐館的菜單上找到。枸杞可以添加到果茶中，也可以作為菜肴有益

的添加物。）可知：thecateringinduStry意為“餐飲業(yè)”，故選B項(xiàng)。

4.C主旨要義題o本題題干意為:本文的合適的題目是什么？文章第一段介紹了中國滋補(bǔ)食

品的現(xiàn)狀,第二段介紹了中國滋補(bǔ)食品的功效;第三段介紹了中國滋補(bǔ)食品對(duì)現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的

影響;第四段倡導(dǎo)人們食用滋補(bǔ)食品。由此可推知本文是對(duì)中國滋補(bǔ)食品的介紹，故答案為C

項(xiàng)。

Passage3

FromthemoontoMars,scientistshavebeenhuntingforalienlifeinthesolar

systemfordecades.However,Venuswasnotregardedasanidealplacebecauseof

itshottemperatureanddryatmosphere.Butarecentdiscoveryoftracesofagas

inthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsign

oflife.

OnSept.14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientists

havedetectedphosphine（磷化氫）inthecloudsofVenus.Phosphineisacolorless,

toxicgasthathasasmellofgarlic.Thoughitcontainspoison,itisviewedas

apossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicro-OrganiSmS（微生

物）thatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.

“Iwasverysurprised—stunned,infact,“astronomerJaneGreavesofCardiff

UniversityinWalesandleadauthoroftheresearchtoldMSN."Thereisachance

thatwehavedetectedsomekindoflivingorganisminthecloudsofVenus.”

Thislayerofcloudsisabout48kilometersabovetheVenussurfacewithits

temperaturerangingfrom30to200degreesFahrenheit（about-1to93oC）.Scientists

5

haveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck（云蓋）islikelytheonly

placewhereitwouldsurvive.

Scientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveledtotheformation

ofphosphinegasinVenusclouds,includingvolcanoes,lightningstrikes,andsmall

meteorites（隕石）fallingintotheatmosphere.Buttheyruledallofthemout.It

wasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenus

clouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.Althoughthedetection

ofphosphineisnotstrongevidenceforlife,thisfindingisgreatenoughtochange

scientistsviewonVenus,whichisthoughttobeacompletelyinhospitable

適合居住的）planet.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic“inParagraph2mean?

A.Waste.B.Poisonous.

C.Useful.D.Clean.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Theclouddeckisrichinphosphine.

B.ThehigherthecloudisaboveVenus,thewarmeritis.

C.VariouslivingorganismshavebeendetectedonVenus.

D.IflifeexistsonVenus,itislikelyintheclouddeck.

3.WhatdidscientistsconcludeaboutthephosphinegasdetectedonVenus?

A.Itcouldbeformedasaresultofthefallingofmeteorites.

B.ItcouldbeasignthatthereislifeinVenusclouds.

C.Itcouldbecausedbyvolcanoesandlightningstrikes.

D.ItprovesthatVenusisanotherhospitableplanet.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.AnewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflifeonVenus.

B.ScientistsfoundthemosthospitableplaceonVenus.

C.PhosphinethathasbeenformedonVenusmeansalienlifeispresent.

D.TheenvironmentonVenuschangedinfavoroflife.

答案

6

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為宇宙探索。科學(xué)

家們?cè)诮鹦堑脑茖又袡z測(cè)到了磷化氫,這表明金星上可能存在生命。

1.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第二段中畫線詞“toxic”是什么意思?根據(jù)第二段中的

“ThoughitisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarth

thegasismadebymicro-organismsthatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.“（盡管

它含有有毒物質(zhì),但它被視為可能存在生命的跡象,因?yàn)樵诘厍蛏?這種氣體是由生活在無氧

環(huán)境中的微生物產(chǎn)生的。）可知畫線詞toxic意為“有毒的”，故答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:從本文中我們可以了解什么？根據(jù)第四段中的

“Scientistshaveassumedthat］￡其￡殳里］區(qū)"ff?YwRjj?…±?WJ?9Udj?±KJ?JJK?IY

SWj?n］y-衛(wèi)LaCW~??ιwmL^L?里奧I（LEUI?lY??”（科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,如果金星上存在生命,那么這

個(gè)云蓋可能是生命存活的唯一地方。）可知本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

3.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:關(guān)于在金星上探測(cè)到的磷化氫氣體,科學(xué)家得出了什么結(jié)

論？根據(jù)第四段中的uScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thiscloud

deckislikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldSUrViVe.”（科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，如果金星上

存在生命,那么這個(gè)云蓋可能是生命存活的唯一地方。）及最后一段中的“Itwasconcluded

thatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenusclouds,other

thanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.”（據(jù)《今日美國》報(bào)道，得出的結(jié)論是，

除了生命的存在,無法解釋金星云層中這種氣體的存在。）可知:關(guān)于在金星上探測(cè)到的磷化

氫氣體,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這可能是金星云層中存在生命的跡象。故答案為B項(xiàng)。

4.A主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文主要是關(guān)于什么內(nèi)容的?根據(jù)第一段中的“Buta

recentdiscoveryoftracesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,

asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife."（但最近在金星云層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種氣體

令天文學(xué)家們興奮不已,因?yàn)樗赡苁巧臐撛谯E象。）以及第二段中的“OnSept.14,the

RoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetected

phosphineinthecloudsofVenUS.”（9月14日，加拿大皇家天文學(xué)會(huì)宣布,科學(xué)家們?cè)?/p>

金星的云層中檢測(cè)到了磷化氫。）可知:本文主要講述了一種新探測(cè)到的氣體（磷化氫）表明金

星上可能存在生命。故答案為A項(xiàng)。

Passage4

Ittakesjustfourminutesforbraincellstobepermanentlydamagedduetoa

severelackofoxygenincasesofsuddencardiacarrest（心臟停搏）,Ifmedicalworkers

7

donotarriveatthesceneofsuchemergencieswithin10minutes,thechancesof

avictimsurvivingareminimal.

InSeptember,a45-year-oldmanfellunconsciousatHuoyingStationonLine13

oftheBeijingSubway.Hediedlaterinthehospital,despiteattemptsbytwo

passengerstorevivehimbyusingcardiopulmonaryresuscitation,orCPR.However,

ifanautomatedexternaldefibrillator,orAED,hadbeenavailableatthescene,

themanschancesofsurvivalwouldhavebeengreatlyimproved.

AnAEDcanrecognizeanabnormalheartrhythmandquicklycorrectitthrough

anelectricshock.Thedevicesareviewedinmedicalcirclesasamoreefficient

andeffectivemethodofsavinglivesinemergenciesthanusingCPR.Afterabrief

trainingperiod,peoplewithnomedicalknowledgecanmasterthebasicskillsneeded

touseanAED.

InMaylastyear,astudentatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijingfaintedina

dormitoryafterexperiencingheadsweats.SeveralstudentsbegantoperformCPRand

alsousedanewlyinstalledAEDtohelpthestrickenfreshman.Aftertwoelectric

shockswereadministered,thestudentsheartbeatwasrestoredandhewassent

tothehospitalforfurthertreatment.Anemergencydoctorfromthehospitalwho

attendedthescenesaiditwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied,hadnot

aseriesofthecorrectfirst-aidmeasuresbeenapplied,alongwiththeAED.

PeiZheng,astaffmemberfromTsinghuaUniversitysPolicyResearchOffice,

saiditwasurealIycool,,thatAEDswereavailableattheinstitution."Its

sogoodthatwehavetheselife-savingmachinesoncampus,otherwisewewouldhave

heardtragicnews,“shesaid.Thedeviceshavebeeninstalledaroundthecampus

instages.

1.WhatcanweinferabouttheAED?

A.Itisquiteeasytolearntouseit.

B.Itisavailablenationwide.

C.Ithassavedmanylives.

D.Itisinventedbymedicalworkers.

2.?45-year-oldmanandastudentarementionedinthetextto.

8

?.makecomparisonsinage

B.stressthefunctionofCPR

C.showtheefficiencyoftheAED

D.raisetheawarenessofheartattacks

3.WhyhaveAEDsbeeninstalledaroundthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity?

Λ.Tosafeguardstudentshealth.

B.Tomakethecampusmorebeautiful.

C.Toapplyknowledgetopractice.

D.TomakeitconvenienttolearntouseΛEDs.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Heartattackscanbeprevented.

B.Firstaidshouldbelearnedwidely.

C.Universitiesareequippedwithnewdevices.

D.Life-savingdevicescometotherescue.

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。本文介紹

了新的急救裝置一一自動(dòng)體外除顫器（AED）,它能在心臟停搏時(shí)起到救命的作用。

1.Λ推理判斷題。本題題干意為：對(duì)于自動(dòng)體外除顫器,我們可以推斷出什么？根據(jù)文章第

三段中的“Afterabrieftrainingperiod,peoplewithnomedicalknowledgecanmaster

thebasicskillsneededtouseanAED.”（沒有醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)的人只要通過簡(jiǎn)單的培訓(xùn)就會(huì)

掌握使用自動(dòng)體外除顫器的基本技能）可推斷出很容易學(xué)會(huì)使用AED,故答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:文中提及一名45歲的男性和一名學(xué)生是為了o根

據(jù)文章第二段中的uHowever,ifanautomatedexternaldefibrillator,orAED,hadbeen

availableatthescene,themanSchancesofsurvivalwouldhavebeengreatly

improved."（然而,如果現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有一個(gè)自動(dòng)體外除顫器,這個(gè)人的生存機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)大大提高。）和

第四段中的"itwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied,hadnotaseriesof

thecorrectfirst-aidmeasuresbeenapplied,alongwiththeAED,,（如果沒有采取一

系列正確的急救措施和使用自動(dòng)體外除顫器,這名學(xué)生很可能已經(jīng)死亡）可知在急救過程中

有沒有自動(dòng)體外除顫器,急救的結(jié)果是截然不同的，由此可推知文中提及一名45歲的男性和

一名學(xué)生的目的是表明自動(dòng)體外除顫器的功效，故答案為C項(xiàng)。

9

3.Λ推理判斷題O本題題干意為:為什么在清華大學(xué)校園安裝自動(dòng)體外除顫器?根據(jù)文章最

后一段中的“Itssogoodthatwehavetheselife-savingmachinesoncampus,

otherwisewewouldhaveheardtragicnews,,可推斷出清華大學(xué)校園里安裝自動(dòng)體外除

顫器是為了保障學(xué)生們的健康。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.D主旨要義題。本題題干意為：本文的主旨是什么？通讀整篇文章可知文章通過兩個(gè)例

子來講述自動(dòng)體外除顫器的功能和在緊急情況下能救命的作用，故選D項(xiàng)。

Passage5

SarahMoorerushedhertwo-year-olddaughterLacieMooretohospitalaftershe

washurt.TheworriedmumfromMorecambe,Lancashire,lefthercaronadoubleyellow

lineoutsidetheLancasterhospitalandracedinsidewithherdaughter.WhenSarah

returnedtohercar,ratherthanfindingaparkingticket,shesurprisedlydiscovered

ahand-writtennote,sayingthattheyhad“SWent-talked“thetrafficwarden（交

通管理員）intonotgivingheraticket.

“Theydidnthavetodothat-itmadethingsaloteasier,“thegratefulmum

said,aIwasfu11yexpectingtocomeoutofthehospitalandtohaveaparkingticket,

andIhadcometotermswiththat.”

ThedramaticeveningbeganontheeveningofJuly2whenLaciesplitherhead

openonthehinge（較鏈）ofadoor.Lacierippedonthecarpetandhitthehinge.

WhenSarahpickedheruptherewasbloodeverywhere.ItterrifiedSarah,whoquickly

switchedtoactionmode.TherewasnotimetocallforanambulancesoSarahjust

putherinthecarandgothertherein15minutes.Itwasscary.

WhenshearrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarningsofambulancestaff

aboutpotentialtrafficwardensandracedinside.Thenoteshefoundonhercarwhen

shereturnedmadesureadifficultdaywasmadejustalittlebiteasier.Itread:

“Goodafternoon,wenoticedyouleftyourcarhereasyourushedyourchildinto

A&E,（Wetriedtowarnyouaboutgettingaticket.）Wespokewiththetrafficwarden

andtoldhimaboutyoursituationandmanagedtosweet-talkhimintolettingyou

offunderthecircumstances.Hewantedustoletyouknowthatyoucanleaveitin

theambulancebayacrosstheroad.Wehopeyourlittleoneisokay.Kindestregards.”

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordusweet-talked^inParagraph1mean?

10

?.Tricksomebodywithsomesweets.

B.Persuadesomebodyinapleasantway.

C.Confusesomebodywithsweetwords.

D.Convincesomebodywithsolidevidence.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutSarah?

Λ.Sheinjuredherdaughterathome.

B.Shewaspunishedforbreakingtrafficrules.

C.Shethoughtshewouldpayaparkingfine.

D.Noonenoticedherwhensheparkedhercar.

3.WhowrotethenoteforSarah?

A.Passers-by.B.Trafficwardens.

C.DoctorsinA&E.D.Ambulancestaff.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?

Λ.ASweetSurprise

B.ALuckyMother

C.AGenerousWarden

D.AThoughtfulParkingTicket

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇記敘文。主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為社會(huì)交往。Sarah

MOOre在帶孩子到醫(yī)院就醫(yī)時(shí)，因孩子傷情緊急而違規(guī)停車，目睹此情形的急救人員為她向

交通管理員求情,從而為她免去了罰單。

1.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第一段中的畫線詞“sweet-talked”是什么意思?根據(jù)第

一段內(nèi)容可知,SarahMoore把車停在了雙黃線上,違反了交通規(guī)則,但讓她吃驚的是她回來

后看到車上沒有貼罰單,而是有一張手寫的便條;再結(jié)合第四段中提到的便條內(nèi)容“Wespoke

withthetrafficwardenandtoldhimaboutyoursituationandmanagedtosweet-talk

himintolettingyouoffundertheCirCUmStanCeS.（我們和交通管理員談了談,告訴了

他關(guān)于你的情況,并設(shè)法用甜言蜜語說服他在這種情況下放了你。）”可以推測(cè)，

“sweet-talked”指用甜言蜜語說服了交通管理員不要給Sarah開罰單。選項(xiàng)B“用令人愉

快的方式說服某人”與之意義相近,故選B項(xiàng)。

11

2.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于Sarah我們知道什么？根據(jù)第二段中“Iwasfully

expectingtocomeoutofthehospitalandtohaveaparkingticket,andIhadcome

totermswiththat."（我滿心期待著從醫(yī)院出來,并等著收到一張違規(guī)停車罰單,我是會(huì)接

受的。）可知，SarahMOore清楚自己違規(guī)停車并且預(yù)料自己會(huì)因此被罰款。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:是誰給Sarah寫了那張便條?根據(jù)第四段中"Whenshe

arrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarningsofambulancestaffaboutpotential

trafficwardensandracedinside.,,可得知，寫便條的人是曾經(jīng)提醒過SarahMoore的救

護(hù)人員。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.Λ主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的最佳題目是什么？全文圍繞SarahMOore意外收到

的善意便條展開,介紹了她因急著帶孩子就醫(yī)而違規(guī)停車以及急救人員說服交通管理員免開

罰單的事。選項(xiàng)A"ASweetSuprise（甜蜜的驚喜）”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故選A項(xiàng)。

Passage6

Mostofushavesomethingaboutusthatwerenot100%inlovewith,suchas

animpulsivestreakorashorttemper.Whatifthosepersonalitytraits（個(gè)性特

征）couldbeimprovedwithdailyuseofasmartphoneapp?Thatwasthefocusofa

newstudyfromaninternationalresearchteamledbytheUniversityofZurich.

"Personalitytraitspredictseveralimportantaspectsoflifesuchassuccess

atwork,healthandevenalonglife,“saysfirstauthorMirjamStieger,PhD,of

BrandeisUniversityinWaltham,Massachusetts."Sowewantedtotestwhetherpeople

canactivelyshapetheirpersonalitytraitswiththehelpofadigital

intervention（干預(yù)）withinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.”

Around1,500participantswereprovidedwithaspeciallydevelopedsmartphone

appcalledPEACHforthreemonths.Ontheapp,avirtualcompanioncommunicatedwith

theparticipantsdailyandprovidedsupporttohelpthemmakethechangesthey

desired.Andparticipantsweredividedintotwogroups—aninterventiongroupand

awaitlistcontrolgroup.Participantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupselectedand

indicatedtheirchangegoalsbeforeaone-monthwaitingperiod,andthenthey

receivedthesamethree-monthinterventionastheinterventiongroup.

Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupdidnt

changetheirpersonalitytraitsduringtheone-monthwaitingperiod,but

12

participantswhoreceivedtheinterventionreportedchangesinthedesireddirection.

“Wealsofoundthatfriendsandfamilymemberswereabletodetectpersonality

changes,“Stiegersays."Anothersurprisingfindingwasthatmostparticipants

wereabletomaintain（維持）theirpersonalitytraitchangesuntilthreemonthsafter

theendoftheintervention.”

Whileappscouldbeusedtopromotepersonalitychange,mentalhealthexpert

KarenPeterswarns,itsimportanttoremembertheyarethereforsupportandnot

asasubstituteforanindividualschange."Theuseofanappitselfisntgoing

toinfluencechange-changeisinfluencedbyinternalmotivation,“shesays."The

newstudydemonstratesthispointbydeterminingthatchangeoutcomeswerein

agreementwiththeindividualsdesiretochange.”

1.WhydoestheauthoraskthequestioninParagraph1?

A.Toputforwardaproblem.

B.Torecommendamethod.

C.Toleadintherecentstudy.

D.Tocomeupwithanewconcept.

2.Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhenewstudy?

Λ.Settheirchangegoals.B.Detectotherschanges.

C.Helptheircompanions.D.Getridofdailyapps.

3.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?

A.Mostoftheparticipantspersonalitieswereunstable.

B.Digitalinterventionmadenodifferencetopersonalities.

C.Theuseofanappalonecouldshapepersonalitytraits.

D.Theparticipantspersonalitychangeswerenoticeable.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

Λ.AreYourPersonalityTraitsOutofControl?

B.AreYouinLovewithYourPersonalityTraits?

C.CanaSmartphoneAppChangeYourPersonality?

D.CanDigitalInterventionDeterminePersonalDesire?

答案

13

［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，

人們可以通過使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序改變他們的個(gè)性特征。

1.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:在第一段作者為什么提出一個(gè)問題?根據(jù)第一段中“That

wasthefocusofanewstudyfromaninternationalresearchteamledbytheUniversity

OfZUrich."（那是蘇黎世大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)國際研究小組的一項(xiàng)新研究的重點(diǎn)。）可推知提問

的目的是引入最新的研究，故答案為C項(xiàng)。

2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:在這項(xiàng)新研究中，參與者被要求做什么事情?根據(jù)第三段

中''…tohelpthemmaket.3,她國超理工My照ife.d.n及uParticipantsinthewaitlist

controlgroupSeIeCtedandindicatedtheir.Changegoalsbeforeaone-monthwaiting

PeriOd”（參加對(duì)照組的人員在一個(gè)月的等待期之前選擇并表明他們的改變目標(biāo)）可知在此項(xiàng)

研究中,參與者被要求預(yù)先確定自己的變化目標(biāo),故答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:這項(xiàng)新研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，

對(duì)照組的參與者在一個(gè)月的等待期間其性格特征沒有發(fā)生變化,但接受干預(yù)的參與者報(bào)告了

他們?cè)陬A(yù)期方向上有所變化。接受干預(yù)的參與者的朋友和家人也能夠察覺到他們?nèi)烁竦淖兓?/p>

另外一個(gè)令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)是,大多數(shù)參與者能夠保持他們性格特征的變化,直到干預(yù)結(jié)束的

三個(gè)月后）可知答案為D項(xiàng)。

4.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的合適題目是什么?通讀全文，尤其是文章第一段中

的rtWhatifthosepersonalitytraitscouldbeimprovedwithdailyuseofasmartphone

app?”（如果那些性格特征可以通過日常使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序得到改善,會(huì)怎么樣呢?）及第

二段中的“SoWe