The-ingformusedassubjectDiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit3FascinatingParksHaveyoueverseenthesesigns?the–ingformGettoknowmoreabout-ingform動名詞現在分詞V-ing

形式Identifythefunctionofthe-ingFormThe-ingFormasthe—ExamplesItwasgreatfunenjoyingtherelaxingtime!Ijustcan’ttakemyeyesofftheshininglightsontheChristmastreeseverywhere.Youlookamazingtoday.Themostimportantthingisgettingthereintime.Sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Youhavekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.Shesatatthedeskreading

anewspaper.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly

isconsideredtobeagoodhabit.predicative（表語）attributive（定語）objectcomplement

（賓補）adverbial（狀語）subject(主語）Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.(Para.1)2.Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7:30a.m.(Para.1)3.Spreadingoutbeforeme,branchesoftheRapaRiverflowthroughthewalleybelow.(Para.1)subjectadverbialadverbialWhatisthefunctionoftheV-ingformineachsentence?Identifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)4.Around9,000yearsago,thisicemelted,leavingbehindabout100glaciers.

(Para.2)5.FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.

(Para.2)6.Getting

hereisquitedifficult,soapartfromtheSamiveryfewpeoplehaveeverseenSarek.

(Para.2)adverbialpredicativesubject

Identifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)7.Forhundredsofyears,lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.

(Para.3)8.Buteveryspring,asmallnumberofSamistillfollowtheirreindeerintothevalleysofSarek,livingintentsoroldcottages

andenjoyingtheirtraditions.(Para.3)subjectadverbialsIdentifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)9.Forexample,thismorningmybreakfastisflatbreadwarmedoverafire,driedreindeermeat,andsomesweetandsourberriesthatIfoundgrowingnearmytent.(Para.3)10.Beinginsuchabeautifulandwildplacemakesmefeelblessedtobealive.

(Para.4)complement

subjectIdentifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)11.HereIam,aloneunderthisbroadsky,breathingthefreshair,andenjoyingthisgreatadventure.(Para.4)12.Standingattheedgeofthemountain,watchingtheRapaRiverflowthroughthevalleybelow,Ifeelsoblessedtobealiveandhavethisrareopportunitytoexplorethisuniqueterritory,whichisalmostunknowntotheoutsideworld.

(P27Ex.5)adverbialsadverbialsIdentifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)The-ingformasthesubject動詞-ing形式作主語v-ing作主語的意義Readingaloudis

agoodwaytolearnalanguage.Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.-ing形式作主語，相當于一個名詞,多指抽象、概念性的動作，經常性或習慣性行為。

動詞-ing作主語的幾種形式：動詞-ing形式作主語時,根據主謂一致的原則,謂語動詞使用________形式。但是意義不同的兩個動詞-ing形式并列作主語時,謂語動詞要用_________形式。

單數復數⑴

Talkingiseasierthandoing.⑵

Readingaloudisagoodwayinlearningalanguage.⑶ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilmsaregoodwaystolearnEnglish.1.-ing形式直接放在句首，表示抽象的、經常的以及習慣性的動作或狀態。Itisnogood/usedoing...做...是沒用的。Itisnofundoing…做...沒有樂趣。Itisawasteoftimedoing…做…是浪費時間Itisworth/worthwhiledoing…做...是值得的。此類句式常見的有:2.有時為了句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕,

用it在句首作形式主語，而把真正的主語(動詞-ing短語)后置。注意：此類句型只限于以上某些形容詞或少數名詞,如:worth,worthwhile,awasteoftime,

nouse/good/fun等。Itisworthreadingsuchawonderfulnovel.這么好的書很值得一讀。It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不行動只抱怨是沒有用的。注意：動名詞作主語用it充當形式主語的情況很少，上表中是最常見的句式結構。不定式作主語時，常用it充當形式主語，如：It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.學好一門外語不容易。It’sdifficultforustofinish

theworkinaweek.對我們來說，一周之內完成這項工作很困難。1.Beingaddictedtosmartphones

isawasteoftime.2.Arguingaboutsuchthings

isnogood.3.Takingpartinthisactivity

isworthwhile.It’sawasteoftimebeingaddictedtosmartphones.It’snogoodarguingaboutsuchthings.It’sworthwhiletakingpartinthisactivity.同義句轉換Thereisnodoingsth.Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.該句型一般指不可能或不被允許。Thereisnodenyingthatactionsspeaklouderthanwords.Pleasebequiet.There'snotalkingduringtheperformance!3.“Thereis+no”后可用-ing形式作主語，表示“沒法…;不允許…”。沒法預料這樣的事什么時候會再發生。不可否認，事實勝于雄辯。eg.請安靜。看演出時不允許講話。動詞-ing形式的復合結構作主語時有兩種形式:1.形容詞性

+動詞-ing形式;2.

+動詞-ing形式。4.動詞-ing的復合結構作主語物主代詞名詞所有格1.Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemalldisappointed.2.Kate’sleaving

madeeveryonesad.【練一練】(1)____________________madehisteacherveryangry.

他又一次遲到使他的老師非常生氣。(2)

isagreathelptohisfamily.

麥克回來工作對他全家來說都是一大幫助。HisbeinglateagainMike’sreturningtoworkDeliveringnewspapersishisjob.送報紙是他的工作。Todelivernewspapersishisjobtoday.送報紙是他今天的工作。動詞-ing形式作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習慣性的動作,

不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動作。動詞-ing與動詞不定式作主語的區別動詞-ing形式的時態和語態完成句子①琳達已經被我的狗咬了，所以她拒絕再和我玩。_____________________bymydogmadeLindareufsetoplaywithmeagain.②有時候被懲罰是一件好事。Sometimes_________________maybeagoodthing.beingpunishedHavingbeenbitten1.____________(bite)bysnakescanbevitaltopeople.2.__________(see)differentfamilieshavingfuntogetherinnatureinspringisacommonthing.3._______________(invite)totheeveningpartyisagreathonorforme.4._____________(tell)thatyouwoulddancetothepopsong,LittleApple,mademeexcited.BeingbittenSeeingBeinginvitedBeingtold【練一練】動詞-ing形式的否定形式動詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,帶有邏輯主語時，not應放在邏輯主語和-ing

形式之間。Notknowinghowtouseacomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.

Nothavingdonehishomeworkmakestheteacherangry.Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.(1)______________________________(沒買那條貴裙子)causesthecoupletoquarrel.

(2)_____________________(未能通過考試)madehimdisturbed.

NotbuyingtheexpensivedressNotpassingtheexam【練一練】動詞-ing形式作主語表示經常性或習慣性的動作且常放句首形容詞性物主代詞+動詞-ing名詞所有格+動詞-ing動詞-ing作主語動詞-ing的復合結構It’sawastetimedoingsthIt’snouse/nogood/nofundoingsthIt’sworthdoingsthit作形式主語動詞原形+-ing基本構成基本用法動詞-ing與動詞不定式作主語的區別Summary小結：動詞-ing形式和不定式都可以用作_______。動詞-ing形式往往表

示經常的、習慣性的動作或狀態,而不定式常表示某次具體的行為。

2.如果作主語的動詞表示被動意義,那么使用____________作主語。3.動詞-ing的否定形式是在其前面直接加上_____,帶有邏輯主語時，

not應放在邏輯主語和-ing

形式之間。主語beingdonenot時態/語態主動語態被動語態復合結構否定式V-ing一般式doingbeingdonesb/sb’sdoingsb

/sb’snotdoingsb

/sb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone____________(run)isnotonlybeneficialtoourhealthbutalsofriendlytotheenvironment.____________(invite)tothepartyisagreathonourforthewholefamily.Not____________(finish)thetaskontimemadehimunhappy.____________(criticize)beforethewholeclassmademefeelembarrassed.____________(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGamesmadeherfamousovernight.Itisawasteoftime____________(play)videogames.Itisbadmanners____________(talk)loudlyinpublicplaces.RunningBeinginvitedfinishingBeingcriticizedHavingwonplayingtotalkPracticeRewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesusingthe-ingformasthesubject.EXAMPLEItischallengingyetreallyfascinatingtohikethroughthemountainsinthepathlessSarek.HikingthroughthemountainsinthepathlessSarek

ischallengingyetreallyfascinating.P29Ex.21.Itisbothchallengingandrewardingtostudyabroad.Studyingabroadisbothchallengingandrewarding.GoingonahikingtourinSarekinwinterwouldhardlybepossibleduetotheextremecold.2.ItwouldhardlybepossibletogoonahikingtourinSarekinwinterduetotheextremecold.3.Honestly,itcanbebothexcitingandterrifyingtoexploreavastunknownland.Honestly,exploringavastunknownlandcanbebothexcitingandterrifying.P29Ex.24.Itisgoodtoadoptapositiveattitude,evenwhenthingsaredifficult.Adoptingapositiveattitude

isgood,evenwhenthingsaredifficult.5.Itisstronglyadvisedtohirelocalguides,becausetheycanofferaccurateknowledgeofSarekcultureandhistory.Hiringlocalguidesisstronglyadvised,becausetheycanofferaccurateknowledgeofSarekcultureandhistory.Discuss:Howdoesthesentencefocuschange?Theuseof-ingformsassubjectputstheactionfirst,makingthesentencesseemmoredynamic.用it作形式主語前置時，句子側重于表語部分，強調行為的特征、狀態或給人的感受。動詞-ing形式作主語前置時，句子側重于主語部分，

強調行為本身的具體內容，使句子更加生動。。P29Ex.2Fillineachblankusingthe-ingformofaverbfromtheboxandstateitsfunction.Onewordwillbeusedtwice.XixiNationalWetlandPark,________10squarekilometresinwesternHangzhou,isthefirstnationalwetlandparkinChina.__________citylife,nature,andwetlandsmakestheparkapopulardestinationbothfortouristsandlocalresidents.AtXixi,_______aboattour,________alongpaths,and____________localcustomsandtraditionsofthevillagesinthisparkareatthetopofthelistofpeople'sfavouriteactivities.Withtrees,bushes,andcolourfulflowers________alongtheriversides,theparkshowsdifferentsidesofbeautyindifferentseasons.Inordertobetterdevelopaswellaspreservethisplace,_______humanimpactonXixiWetlandwasconsideredbytheparkdesigners.Allthenewbuildingsweredesignedinatraditionalwaytofitintothenaturalenvironment.Thisgreen,wateryworldishometomanybirdsandfishes.Withtrees________intheshallows,thewetlandisanaturalsystemforprovidingcleanwaterandproducingoxygen,whichmakesitthe“greenlungsofHangzhou”.P29Ex.3combinecovergrowtakelimitwalkexperiencecoveringCombiningtakingwalkingexperiencinggrowinglimitinggrowingattributesub