Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNoteNounclausesastheobjectandpredicative.英語句子的種類簡單句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)復合句(complexsentence)英語句子結構概論.復合句:主句+從句

名詞性從句定語從句

狀語從句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.

定語從句

狀語從句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.(賓語從句）名詞性從句---.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhowillwinthematch.Thequestioniswhowillwinthematch.Thequestionwhowillwinthematchisinteresting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句.NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause（同位語從句）ObjectClause（賓語從句）PredicativeClause（表語從句）.ObjectClauses

賓語從句.ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引導名詞性從句的關聯詞）：從屬連詞（不作成分）連接代詞（作主、賓、表、定）連接副詞（作狀語）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whose

that,whether,ifwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why.

做及物動詞的賓語

做介詞的賓語

做形容詞的賓語.一、連詞（引導詞）

1.

that1)當賓語從句是由陳述句轉變而來時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo..2.在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的從句也可算是賓語從句(that可省略)。I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam..3）賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：

（1）當that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能省；Hesaid(that)helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn’tuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining.（2）當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthecountryside.（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句，that不可省。.1.Idon’tthink___________sheiscoming.

2.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshould

readEnglishaloud.

3.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddied

and__________hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthat(that).1.Idon’tdoubt______hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idoubt____________hecanspeakEnglish.whether/ifthat.當賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來時時，由連詞whether或if引導，“是否”，不能省略。(1)Lilywantedtoknow__________hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2)Let’ssee___________

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3)Sheaskedme___________

shecouldborrowthesebooks.2.whether//ifwhether/ifwhether/ifwhether/if.注意whether和if的使用區別:

1)whether和if都可以引導賓語從句，但a.當從句中有ornot時就用whether,不用if。

b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if表示“是否”。c.

whethertodo做動詞賓語不能用iftodo.

2)if可以引導條件狀語從句，whether無此用法。

Idon’tknowwhether

ornotIwillstay.Iworryabout

whetherIhurtherfeeling.Ifyouaretosucceed,yououghttoworkharder.Idon’tknowwhethertotellhimaboutthis..PracticetimeIaskedher____________shehadabike.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.

if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if__________togo.whether.3.當賓語從句是由特殊疑問句轉變而來時，由疑問詞（what,who,whom,which,whose,

when,where,how,why等）引導，因為疑問詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Doyouknow______hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember_______wearrived.Iaskedhim_______

Icouldgetsomuchmoneyinsoshortatime.Pleasetellme____________wehavetosee.Doyouknow_______

timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho/whomwhat.二、時態1.如果主句是現在的時態（包括一般現在時，現在進行時，現在完成時），從句的時態可根據實際情況而定，（包括一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現在完成時等）。Iknowhe_______here.(live)Iknowhe_______heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe_________tomorrow.(come)liveslivedwillcome.2.如果主句是過去的時態（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），那么從句的時態一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwho_______here.(live)Isawshe_____________hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_______________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe________itbefore.(see)3.當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現在時。Hesaidtheearth_______aroundthesun.（travel）livedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseentravels.三、語序賓語從句要用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter/thetrouble/wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe.1.Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

1.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√.如果賓語從句后面有賓語補足語，要使用形式賓語

it

而將真正的賓語that/wh-從句放到補足語后面；find,feel,think,believe,guess,makee.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．我覺得奇怪：他沒給我打電話。用it作形式賓語的賓語從句21.1).Canyoumakesure_________Alicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependson_______theywillsupportus.3).Shewillgive__________needshelpawarmsupport.4).Hemade____cleartothepublic______hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

wherewhetherwhoeveritthat.1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow____wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC.5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD.8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_______?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaidthatifit_______thenextday,he_______fishing.A.wouldrain,wouldn'tgoB.rains,won'tgoC.rained,wouldn'tgoD.rains,willgo

toBCD.PredicativeClauses

表語從句.從屬連詞(不作成分）連接代詞（作成分）連接副詞（作狀語）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whether,asif/asthough，becausewhen(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。表語從句.表語從句Thequestionsis________wecanrelyonhim.

2.Hedidn’tstudyabroad.That’s________hewasinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helooked_______hewasgoingtocry.

4.Mycarbrokedownhalfway.That’s_______Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhy.

注意：在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。Itis/

wasbecause….Itis/

waswhy….4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/

wasthat….5.Thereason/resultisbecause/

why…that....Myadviceisthatyou___________(set)offearlytomorrowmorning.Hisorderisthatwe_____________(clean)theclassroomeveryday.Hissuggestionisthatthethief_______________(send)tothepolicestation.Thequestionis_________hewillcome.(should)set(should)clean(should)besentwhether表示建議，要求，命令的詞

…sb(should)do.1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when.5.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.

A.that

B.likeC.as

D.asthough6.---Ifellsick!---Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because

7.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.thatDDB.8.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat9.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchBC.SubjectClauses

主語從句.ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引導名詞性從句的關聯詞）：從屬連詞（不作成分）連接代詞（作主、賓、表、定）連接副詞（作狀語）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whose

that,whetherwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why.whether

“是否”，不做主語從句中成分，源于一般疑問句；“if”不能引導主語從句。引導詞__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否會來這兒）.Whetherhewillcomehere(

Ifhewillcomehere...)×_____________ismorepractice.（我們所需要的）___________________________isunderdiscussion.（我們什么時候開始會議）四.連接副詞when等在從句中作狀語。WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting三.連接代詞what等在從句中作主語、賓語等。.

注意一:主語從句后置!

為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.

2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.

→Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.→It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.這樣就構成了下面一些常用句型:

Itis+adj./n.(strange/apity/…)+that…Itis+v.-ed(said/reported…)+that….Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds___somebooks.isare注意三：what與that引導主語從句的區別:注意二:主語從句對應的主句謂語動詞一般用單數。但what/who等引導主語從句時，主句謂語單復數可根據表語決定。1.that不做成分；不能省略。2.what可以做主語，賓語，表語?？勺g成“---的東西，話，事情，人，地方，時間，樣子等”——“所----”1.Whathesaiddisappointedme.2.Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo..___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry

____

theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto.4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.wateris

B.thatwateris

C.iswater

D.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.

WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.is

B.are

C.has

Dhave.appositiveClauses

同位語從句.同位語從句

1.跟在某些抽象名詞后面，對該名詞作進一步解釋說明,解釋這些名詞的具體內容。常用名詞有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。以及suggestion,order,demand,wish等。2.常用連詞：that,whether;when,where,why,how;what,which,who,whom,whose,wh-ever等。

.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.________________________________________________________________________________.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime.

Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.___________________________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.________________________________________________________________________.1.Thenews_______wewonthecompetitionisveryencouraging.2.Ihavenoidea______hashappenedtohim.用that/what填空whatthat.1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定語從句同位語從句3.連詞that在同位語從句中不可省略,而在定語從句中當它充當從句賓語時可以省略。區別that引導的同位語從句和定語從句：1.引導同位語的連詞that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定語從句中，that充當的可以是從句的主語或賓語等。2.同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容的具體說明，而定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾，解釋為“…的”。.

判斷:定語從句or同位語從句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.

2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定語從句)(同位語從句)(同位語從句)(定語從句).B2.___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who

B.TheoneC.Anyone

D.Whoever3.Informationhasbeenputforward___more

graduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.that

B.how

C.where

D.whatDA1.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis___heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereasonPracticetime.4.

---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?

---Oh,

that’s___.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedA.5.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoever

D.whomever6.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that7.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept____helphecanget.

A.whichever

B.howeverC.whatever

D.

whenever.8.

_____manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That9.

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever.10.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.what

D.when11.Energyis___makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that12.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom___afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit.Correctornot?*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.…………….beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.×Payattention:主語從句對應的主句的謂語用單數形式

.

×Correctornot?Payattention:在此賓語從句中，it

充當形式賓語，真正的賓語為that從句Ithinkitworthwhilethat………………..*Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks..*Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.×Payattention:名詞性從句的語序用陳述語序

Correctornot?………whenhewillgotothelibrary..