Unit5Period2ReviewUsefulStructures1.復習各類定語從句的功能、意義與用法；2.能在實際情境中靈活運用定語從句。新課導入1.Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.2.Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“listpoem”,whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.3.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.4.Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.Observethefollowingattributiveclausesandfindouttheirantecedents.課堂學習定語從句Attributiveclause

關系詞：1.引導定語從句的詞2.代替先行詞3.在從句中充當句子成分先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.復合句（complexsentence）主句（principalclause）從句（subordinateclause）1個≥1個可獨立存在不能獨立存在定語從句的分類

定語從句限制性緊跟先行詞非限制性逗號——與主句分開1.Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“listpoem”,whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthat

developaparticulartheme.2.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.關系詞的分類

關系詞代替在從句中的成分代詞which物主/賓that物

人主/賓/表who人主/賓whom人賓whose人

物定副詞when先行詞時間狀語where地點狀語why先行詞thereason原因狀語

等于forwhich引導的定語從句關系代詞as正如；像代替在從句中的成分先行詞thesame,such主/賓/表被thesame,such所修飾的詞關系代詞as與which引導的非限制性定語從句，其先行詞都可以是整個主句，as/which指代整個主句的意思。關系代詞as與which的區別關系代詞as與which的區別①as引導的非限定性定語從句表示說話人的看法、態度、解釋或評論。從句的位置可在句首、句中或句尾。定語從句中出現以下動詞作謂語：e.g.Taiwanis,asyouknow,aninseparablepartofChina.seefindbelieveknowthinkexpectimaginesayreportdeclareannouncebeusual見思言其它關系代詞as與which的區別②which引導的非限定性定語從句對主句所敘述的事情進行補充說明，表明事物的狀態或結果。which此時指前面主句所提到的這件事，常譯為“這一點，這件事”等。這時它引導的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關系。它引導的從句的位置不像as引導的從句那樣靈活，只能位于主句的后面。e.g.Hechangedhismindagain,which(=andthat)

madeusallangry.關系代詞which和that的區別

關系代詞which與that一般情況下可以互換一些情形不能互換不用which只用which不用which做關系代詞的幾種情況1.當先行詞為all,little,much,few,everything,none,all,every,any,much,little,few,no等指物的不定代詞或由它們修飾時關系代詞只用that.

e.g.Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2.當先行詞既有人又有物時，關系代詞用that,不用which.

e.g.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.3.當先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時，關系代詞用that,而不用which.e.g.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.4.當先行詞有序數詞修飾時，關系代詞用that,不用which.e.g.ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.5.當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修飾時，關系代詞用that,不用which.e.g.Thatistheverythingthatwecando.6.當主句是以which,who,what開頭的特殊問句時，引導定語從句的關系代詞用that,不用which.e.g.Whichofthosebooksthatareonthedeskbelongstoyou不用that做關系代詞的幾種情況1.常用“prep.＋which”結構e.g.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.2.用“n./pron./num./adj.

比較或最高級+prep.+which/whom”結構，表示先行詞的一部分e.g.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.非限制性定語從句中，指物用which

e.g.Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.1.關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略。

Thecup(that/which)youboughtisbroken.2.在某些表示時間、地點的詞后的限制性定語從句中，關系副詞在口語中有時省略。

I’llneverforgettheyear(when)IstayedinBeijing.Thisistheplace(where)Ilivedfiveyearsago.關系詞的省略注意：非限制性定語從句通常由who,whom,which,whose,when,where及“介詞+which/whom”引導，且關系詞一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定語從句中，which可指代整個主句內容。1.TheCrescentMoonisperhapsthemostfamouscollectionofchildren’spoems.ItisknowntopeopleinChina.2.Therearealsomanypoemswrittenfromachild’sperspective.InthesepoemsthepoetTagoreshowsasympatheticunderstandingofchildrenfeelings.TheCrescentMoonisperhapsthemostfamouscollectionofchildren’spoemsthatisknowntopeopleinChina.(1)Connectthesentencesusingrelativepronounsoradverbs.Thenputthesentencesinthecorrectordertocomposeapassage.1Therearealsomanypoemswrittenfromachild’sperspectiveinwhichthepoetTagoreshowsasympatheticunderstandingofchildrenfeelings.(5)3.TheEnglishversionofthebookcontainsnearly50poems.Thefocusofthepoemsisontheparent-childrelationship.4.Theinitialpoemswerewrittenfromtheperspectiveofamother.Themotherlovesherbabyatplayandatrest,inlaughterandintears.TheEnglishversionofthebookcontainsnearly50poems,thefocusofwhichisontheparent-childrelationship.(3)Theinitialpoemswerewrittenfromtheperspectiveofamotherwholovesherbabyatplayandatrest,inlaughterandintears.(4)5.Manypeoplelovetoreadthiscollectionofpoems.Thereasonisthattheycanfeelthewarmthofloveandenjoytheinnocenceofchildhood.6.

ItwaswrittenbytheIndianpoetTagore.TagorewasthefirstAsiantowintheNobelPrizeinLiteratureItwaswrittenbytheIndianpoetTagorewhowasthefirstAsiantowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature(2)Thereasonwhymanypeoplelovetoreadthiscollectionofpoems

isthattheycanfeelthewarmthofloveandenjoytheinnocenceofchildhood.(6)IfyoustudythehistoryofEnglishliterature,youwillfindthenamesofRobertandElizabethBarrettBrowning.TheywereoneofthemostromanticliterarycouplesoftheVictorianera.ElizabethBarrettstartedtowritepoetryfromabouttheageofsix.In1844,Elizabeth’s

Poemsbroughthergreatsuccess.ItalsoattractedtheadmirationofpoetRobertBrowning.Browningfellinlovewithherpoetryandthentheyenteredintopersonalcorrespondence.Thecoupleexchangedmanyletters.ReadthefollowingintroductionabouttheBrownings.Helptheauthoreditthepassagetomakeitmoreconcise,usingrelativeclausesifnecessary.2Theselettersobviouslyhelpedsowtheseedsoflovebetweenthetwo.Elizabethhadbeenillformanyyears.Shestayedathomeandalmostneversawvisitors.Browningwassureabouthislove,sohefoundawaytovisither,andimmediatelyconvincedhertobecomehisbride.However,theirsubsequentmarriagewascarriedoutinsecret.ItwasbecauseBarrette’sfatherwasadominantandselfishman.Hewouldrefusetolethisdaughtergo.ThecouplemovedtoItalyin1846.Elizabethlivedtherefortherestofherlife.BrowninghadagreatinfluenceonElizabeth’swriting.ThebestevidencethatcanbefoundisSonnetsfromthePortuguese.ThesonnetswerewrittenduringthetimewhenshewasinlovewithRobertBrowning.IfyoustudythehistoryofEnglishliterature,youwillfindthenamesofRobertandElizabethBarrettBrowning,whowereoneofthemostromanticliterarycouplesoftheVictorianera.ElizabethBarrettstartedtowritepoetryfromabouttheageofsix.In1844,Elizabeth'sPoemsbroughthergreatsuccessandalsoattractedtheadmirationofpoetRobertBrowning.Browningfellinlovewithherpoetryandthentheyenteredintopersonalcorrespondence.Thecoupleexchangedmanyletters,whichobviouslyhelpedsowtheseedsoflovebetweenthetwo.Elizabethhadbeenillformanyyears.Shestayedathomeandalmostneversawvisitors.Browningwassureabouthislove,sohefoundawaytovisither,andimmediatelyconvincedhertobecomehisbride.However,theirsubsequentmarriagewascarriedoutinsecretbecauseherfatherwasadominantandselfishmanwhowouldrefusetolethisdaughtergo.ThecouplemovedtoItalyin1846,whereElizabethlivedfortherestofherlife.BrowninghadagreatinfluenceonElizabeth'swriting.ThebestevidencethatcanbefoundisSonnetsfromthePortuguese

thatwerewrittenduringthetimewhenshewasinlovewithRobertBrowning.Workinpairs.DescribefavouriteChinesepoetsusingsentencesthatcontainrelativeclauses.EXAMPLEBaiJuyiwasoneofthegreatestChinesepoetswhoeverlived.Hewasbornduringthemid-TangDynasty,whichwasaperiodofrebuildingandrecoveryforthe

TangEmpire.31.WhoisyourfavouriteChinesepoet2.WhichaspectswillbechosentointroducehimorherLiBaiDuFuXinQijiWangWeiLanguagepoints1.InthesepoemsthepoetTagoreshowsa

sympatheticunderstandingofchildren’sfeelings.在這些詩中，詩人泰戈爾表現了對孩子感情的同情理解。sympatheticadj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的※besympatheticto/towardssb.

/sth.

同情/支持某人，贊同某事※sympathy n.同情；贊同※feel/havesympathyforsb.

同情某人※insympathywith... 贊同；支持※outofsympathy 出于同情※sympathetically adv.同情地①Thenewspapersarelargely

(sympathy)tothepresident.②Ihavesympathy

Jane.It’snotallherownfault.③Theseamenwentonstrikeinsympathy

theworkers.sympatheticforwith2.Thereasonisthattheycanfeelthewarmthofloveandenjoytheinnocenceofchildhood.原因是他們能感覺到愛的溫暖、享受童年的純真。※本句中的that引導的表語從句。Thereasonisthat...原因是……※類似結構還有：①This/Thatisbecause...這/那是因為……，because引導表語從句，表示原因。②This/Thatiswhy...這/那就是為什么……，why引導表語從句，表示結果。③Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……，why引導定語從句，that引導表語從句(切記不可用because)，that從句表示原因。①Thereason

shedidn’tseethefilmlastnightwas

shehadseenitbefore.昨晚她沒去看電影的原因是她以前看過這部電影。thatwhy3.TagorewasthefirstAsiantowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.泰戈爾是第一個獲得諾貝爾文學獎的亞洲人。句中不定式短語towintheNobelPrizeinLiterature作后置定語，修飾thefirstAsian。當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時，常用不定式(短語)作后置定語。英語中常用不定式(短語