*A

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案.

Despiteanagegapofalmost90years,asix-year-oldgirlandacarehome

residentinLutonhavebecomefirmfriendsafterbecomingpenpalsduringlockdown.

Itsmeantalotto93-year-oldMadgeWeatherhead,whowasbornandbredinLuton

andnowlivesatacarehomeinthetowncalledLittleBraminghamFarm,runbythe

charityFriendsoftheElderly.

MadgeWeatherheadisveryfondofchildrenasshecomesfromabigfamily.But

it'sbeendifficultforhertoseerelativesrecently,especiallyasmostofthemlive

abroad.Sowhentheopportunitycameuptobecomepenpalswithasix-year-oldgirl,

shewasonlytoohappytotakepart.

Madgesaid,“Sheisthemostcharminglittlegirl.Fvegotallherlettershere,and

shedrawsmeapicture,andIdothesamebacktoher.AndwhenIgetaletter,that's

very,veryrewarding.Ithinkthat'ssoniceforhertobothertowritetomewhoisso

ancientnow.^^

HerpenpalisEllaHasselby-Davies,wholivesinBradfordinYorkshire,buthas

familyinLuton.ItwasElla'sideatowritetoacarehomeresidentinthearea,andit*s

helpedMadgefeelconnectedwiththeoutsideworld.

EmmaLawrance,CareHomeManager,LittleBraminghamFarmsaid,"Before

Covid-19wehadalotofcommunitygroupscomingin,mum'sgroups,balletgroups,

children'sgroups,andMadgewouldalwaysbeinvolvedinthat,sothatwasfantastic.

SothishasreallyfilledthegapforMadge,havingthispenpalnowandfeelinglike

she'sgivingsomethingbacktothecommunity.”

AndEllasaysshehasgotalotfromtheexperiencetoo.Beccaquestions,"Do

youfeellikeyou*vemadeafriendinElla?'*Madgeanswers,"Yes,Ihavemadea

friendofher.Ifslovelytohaveayoungfriend.'1Ageisjustanumberbetweenfriends,

andwhenit*ssafetodoso,thesetwoarehopingtomeetinperson.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMadgeWeatherhead?

A.Shewastheonlychildinherfamilyinthepast.

B.HerbirthplaceistheLittleBraminghamFarm.

C.Herrelativesarepreparingtoreturnhome.

D.Shedevelopedaclosefriendshipwithalittlegirl.

2.WhydidMadgeintendtohaveayoungpenpal?

A,Becauseshelikedchildrenverymuch.

B.BecauseEllacontactedherforafriend.

C.Becauseherrelativescouldn'tvisitheranymore.

D.BecauseEmmaLawrancedirectlyarrangeditforMadge.

3.WhatcanweinferfromwhatEmmaLawrancesaid?

A.Madgecouldn'thelpmissingthepastduringthelockdown.

B.Madgeoftenhelpedcommunitygroupswiththeiractivities.

C.MadgewasseparatedfromthecommunityduetoCovid-19.

D.EllamadeMadgeinvolvedinthecommunityagain.

4.Whatdoesthestorytellus?

A.Betweenfriendsalliscommon.

B.Friendshipknowsnobounds.

C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

D,Lifewithoutafriendisalifewithoutasun.

★B

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Anumberofsignlanguageinterpretershavehittheheadlinesinthepastfew

yearsfortheirshow-stealingperformancesatpublicevents.It'sthoughtthatpeople

takeparticularnoteoftheinterpreterbecauseit'sveryunusualthattheydon'tseeon

theirscreenstoooften.

ThelatestonecomesfromAustralia.MarkCavehasbeenwidelypraisedbydeaf

forhisinterpretationofQueenslandPremierAnnastaciaPalaszczuk.Heis“doingso

muchforAUSLANandunderstanding”,oneTweetersaidofthe30-year-old.

AUSLANisAustraliansignlanguage,theUKequivalentisBSL.Onepointedout

thatsignlanguageis“amustforallemergencyevents”.Someusersaren'tfluentin

Englishsocan'tbenefitfromwordsonthescreen.

"InterpretersareseenonTVscreensduringemergencieslikeCycloneMarciaor

SuperstormSandybecausethat'sthebestwayfbrauthoritiestoensurethatdeaf

peoplewhousesignlanguagegetthemessagethateveryoneelseisgetting/9says

CharlieSwinboume,editorofdeafcommunity.

Signlanguage,hesays,ismadeupofnotonlyhandmovements,butbody

languageandfacialexpressionstoo.Justashearingpeoplemightmodifythetoneof

theirvoice,Swinbournesaysthatinterpretershavetobemoreanimatedthanusual

whentranslatinginformationinemergencysituations,toconveytheirseriousness.

PeoplewithnoconnectiontothedeafcommunityhavedescribedCave's

animatedperformanceas“entertaining"，“poetic"and"interesting"，likea“dancer”.

LouOMaralovestheinterpreter'sfacialexpressions,sayingthatheshouldbeon

children'stelevisionshowPlaySchool.

SomepeoplemadeitclearthattheirattentionhadbeendrawntoCave,rather

thantheQueenslandPremier.Cavesaysthatwhile“itisalwaysimportanttorespect

thespeakerwheninterpretingaone-wayevent"，itisnotsomethingthatisalwaysin

hismind."Inthatverymoment,Iamconcentratingondeliveringthemessage",he

says.

1.Whoisgoodatshowingbodylanguage?

A.MarkCave.

B.AnnastaciaPalaszczuk.

C.CharlieSwinboume

D.LouOMara.

2.WhysignlanguageisamustforallemergencyeventsonTV?

A?BecausesomepeoplecanunderstandEnglishwell.

B.Becausesomepeopletakeparticularnoteofreporter.

C,Becauseeverybodycanunderstandthelanguagewell.

D.BecausethedeafcanonlygetinformationfromtheTV.

3.Whatistheaimoftheinterpreters9beingmoreanimated?

A.Findingmanystrangewaystogetpeopleinterested.

B.Tryinggetpeopletomodifythetoneoftheirvoice.

C?Ensuringpeoplelearntousesignlanguagefi*eely.

D.Makingpeopleunderstandtheirmeaningclearly.

4.WhatmadeLouOMarasuggestMarkCaveshouldbeonchildren'stelevision?

A?Hiswonderfulperformance.

B.Hiscolorfulexpressions.

C.Hisconnectiontodeaf.

D.Hissupportfromauthorities.

5.AccordingtoCave,.

A?hedidsomethingimportant

B.hepaidattentiontoexpressing

C.hetriedtoshowhisrespect

D.hewantedtogainmoreattention

★C

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Whatdocowsdrink?Yourfirstanswerwasprobablytoanswer"milk."And

then,dependingonhowfamiliaryouarewithbovinediets,yourealizedthat,wait,it's

thecalvesthatdrinkmilk—adultcowsdrinkwater.Andwhatdoesittellusabout

howourbrainsstoreandprocesslanguage?

Theleadingtheoriesoflanguageprocessinghavetodowith"connectionist”

modelsoflanguage.Theideaisthatwhenyoulearnaword,itgetsconnectedto

similarwordsandconcepts,sothatit'seasiertorecallwhenyouneedit.These

connectionsformeverytimeyouusetheword,fromwhafsgoingoninthecontextat

thatmoment.Whenyouhearoneofthelinkedwords,theotheronegetsactivated,so

you'rereadytotalkaboutthegeneraltopicsofdairyproductsandfarmanimals.It

wouldtakealotlongertogettomilkfromcowiftheyweren'tconnected,andsince

you'reoftentalkingaboutthematthesametime,itsavestime!

Assoonasyouhear"cows"in"Whatdocowsdrink?^^yourbraingoes“Ohhey,

cows!Wemightneedthewordmilksoon,I'llgetthatready.^^Andthenwhenyou've

heardthewholequestion,yourbrainjumpsinwith"Milk!Youcandrinkmilk!^^

Sincethisonequestionisaveryrarecasewherecowsandmilkdon'tgotogether,the

shortcutremainsstrong,andyou'llmakethesamemistakeeverytime.

Infact,wecangoevenyounger-itturnsoutthatbabiesaremakingconnections

betweenwordsbeforethey'reevensayingthem.Afteronly18monthsofbeingalive,

thebabyhasfiguredoutthatconnectingwords.Managingtofindoneofthemost

widelyusedlanguageshortcutsinlessthantwoyearsisanimpressive

accomplishment.

1.Whatdoestheconnectedlanguagebringin?

A.Theconfusion.

B.Themistake.

C.TheEfficiency

D.Themisunderstanding.

2.WhatmakesitsohardtoansweruWhatdocowsdrink“correctly?

A.Theshortcutstripofthelanguage.

B.Theskillofexpressingoneself

C.Thedifferenceofbovinediets.

D.Thestyleofchildrenlanguage.

3.Whendidthelanguageconnectionscomeintobeing?

A.Beforeoneistwoyearsold.

B.Beforeoneis18monthsold.

C.Beforeoneistwentyyearsold.

D.Beforeonecanwritethemdown.

4.Wheremaythearticlecomefrom?

A,Themagazineaboutraisinganimals.

B.Thetextbookaboutnutrition.

C.Thesciencereportaboutlanguage.

D.Themagazineaboutteachingbabies.

5.Whatwillpeopledowhentheyhearthelinkedwords?

A.Theywillbeginthinking.

B.Theywillbereadytolearn.

C.Theywillstoptheirbrains.

D.Theytrynottorecalltheirpast.

★D

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Politiciansusegesturestostrengthenthedeliveryofspeeches,whilemany

peopleshrugormovetheirhandswildlytomakeapoint.Now,scientistshaveshown

thatmakinggestureswhiletalkingispartoflanguageandaffectshowthemeaningof

wordsisinterpreted.

Researchersbelievethatgesturesformpartofacommunicationsystemdeeply

rootedinhumans,whichallowustobeunderstood.Thismightexplainwhymanyof

usgesturewhiletalkingonthephone,whereouractionscan'tbeseen.

Researchersthinkit'sbecausegesturesandwords“veryprobably^^formasingle

communicationsystem,whichservestopromoteexpressionandhelpustomake

ourselvesunderstood."Inhumancommunication,voiceisnotsufficient:evenhand

movementsareinvolved,asarefacialexpressions,theysaid.

Researchersalsostudiedprosody,whichiswhatmakesasentenceunderstoodina

specificwayandusuallyreliesonintonationandtherhythmoflanguage.Forexample,

withoutprosody,nothingwoulddistinguishthespokenstatement“thisisanapple”

fromthe“thisisanapple?"

Inanexperiment,theresearchersasked20Italianspeakerstolistentovarious

sentenceswithconfusingmeaningsandwatchvideosofpeoplesayingthesentences.

Inthevideos,thesentencescouldbe“matched”—whengesturescorrespondedtothe

meaningofthespokenwords一or"mismatched9whenthegesturesmatcheda

differentmeaning.Theyfoundthatinthematchedconditionstherewasno

improvementduetogestures.Theparticipants5performancewasverygoodbothin

thevideoandintheaudioonlysessions/

Theysaidthatitisinthemismatchedexperimentthattheeffectofhandgestures

becameclear."Withthemismatchedsentences,thesubjectsweremuchmorelikelyto

makethewrongchoice-thatis,they'dchoosethemeaningindicatedinthegestures

ratherthaninthespeech.Thismeansthatgesturesaffecthowmeaningisinterpreted

andwebelievethisshowstheexistenceofacommoncognitivesystemforgestures,

intonationandrhythmofspokenlanguage.

1.Whydopeoplemakegestureswhiletalkingonthephone?

A.Theiractionscanbeseenbythepersonontheotherside.

B.Gesturesarepartofcommunicationsystemhumanshave.

C,Withgesturesthepersononthephonecanbeunderstood.

D.Gesturescanhelpthespeakerexpresshismeaningclea