學位英語閱讀理解專項提升練習合集

一、閱讀理解

Passageone

Childrenhavebeenthoughttobelargelysparedfromtheworstofthenewcoronavirus,but

doctorsintheU.K.arenowwarningofapossibleconnectionbetweenCOVID-19andan

unusualinflammatory（發炎性的）syndrome（綜合癥）inchildren.However,expertsstress

thatseriousillnessrelatedtoCOVID-19inchildrenisstillveryrareoverall.

Thewarningcameovertheweekend,whentheNationalHealthService（NHS）England

issuedanalarminformingdoctorsofasmallbutgrowingnumberofcasesof"multisystem

inflammatory"diseaseinchildrenthatrequiredintensivecare,accordingtotheU.K.Paediatric

IntensiveCareSociety.SomeofthesechildrenhavetestedpositiveforCOVID-19,although

othershavenot.

SomeofthesymptomsintheU.K.casesincludedfevers,severepainandskinrashes（皮

疹）,alongwithmarkersofsevereinflammationintheblood,TheGuardianreported.Someof

thesechildrenhavealsoneededtreatmentforheartinflammation.Sofar,theinflammatory

syndromeappearsrare-onlyaboutadozenchildrenintheU.K.havebeenreportedtohavethe

syndrome,accordingtoTheGuardian,SimilarcaseshavealsobeenreportedinSpainandItaly,

accordingtoCNN.AndintheUnitedStates,doctorsatStanfordUniversityrecentlypublisheda

casereportinthejournalPediatricsdescribinga6-month-oldinfantwhowasdiagnosedwith

KawasakidiseaseandCOVID-19.

However,it'sstilltooearlytosaythatCOVID-19isbehindthisinflammatorysyndromein

children,Gidengilsaid.Moredatawillbeneededtoshowthis.Indeed,theNHSalertnotedthe

possibilitythatanother,yet-to-be-identifiedpagothenisassociatedwiththeinflammatory

syndrome.Still,"it'sgreatthatthey5reraisinganalarmaboutthissopeoplecanbeaware,"

Gidengilsaid.Althoughthisnewsmightsoundworrisometoparents,reportsofserious

COVID-19complicationsremainuncommoninchildren."It'sreallyimportanttojustkeepin

mindthatit'sstillreallyrareforkidstohavecomplicationsfromCOVIDatthispoint,"

Gidengiladded.

1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A.ChildrenarefreefromtheCOVID-19.

B.COVID-19hasnoeffectonchildren,

C.COVID-19seldomhasseriouseffectonchildren.

D.COVID-19isthecauseofinflammatorysyndromeinchildren.

答案：C

2.WhydidNHSEnglandissuethealarmovertheweekend?

A.TofightagainstCOVID-19forchildren.

B.Torequiredoctorstakegoodcareofchildren.

C.Totrytoseekforapositivechoicetotreatchildren.

D.ToinformdoctorsofthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthesyndromeandCOVID-19.

答案：D

3.Whatcanthesymptomscontain?

A.Cough,feversandbreastpain.

B.Fevers,severepainandskinrashes.

C.Difficultyinbreathingandskinrashes.

D.Severeabdominalpainandthroatdiscomfort.

答案：B

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.RareSyndromeinChildrenaboutCOVID-19

B.ChildrenareAffectedbyCOVID-19

C.SomeChildrenBeSeriouslyIll.

D.ChildrenNeedSpecialProtection.

答案：A

【答案解析】

這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講了兒童被認為基本上沒有受到新型冠狀病毒最嚴重的影

響，但英國的醫生現在警告說，covid-19和一種罕見的兒童炎癥綜合癥可能存在聯系。

然而，專家強調，總體而言，與covid-19相關的兒童嚴重疾病仍然非常罕見。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第一段"However,expertsstressthatseriousillnessrelatedtoCOVID-19

inchildrenisstillveryrareoverall.”（然而，專家強調，總體而言，與covid-19相關的兒

童嚴重疾病仍然非常罕見）可知我們能從第一段推斷出covid-19很少對兒童造成嚴重影

響。故選C。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據第一段"Childrenhavebeenthoughttobelargelysparedfromtheworstof

thenewcoronavirus,butdoctorsintheU.K.arenowwarningofapossibleconnection

betweenCOVID-19andanunusualinflammatory（發炎性的）syndrome（綜合癥）in

children.”（兒童被認為基本上沒有受到新型冠狀病毒最嚴重的影響，但英國的醫生現在

警告說，covid-19和一種罕見的兒童炎癥綜合癥可能存在聯系）可知NHS英格蘭在周末

發出警報是為了通知醫生該綜合癥與COVID-19可能存在的關系。故選D。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據第三段“SomeofthesymptomsintheU.K.casesincludedfevers,severe

painandskinrashes（皮疹）,alongwithmarkersofsevereinflammationintheblood,The

Guardianreported.”（據《衛報》報道，英國病例的一些癥狀包括發燒、劇烈疼痛和皮

疹，以及血液中嚴重炎癥的標志）可知，癥狀主要表現為發燒，劇烈疼痛和皮疹。故選

Bo

【詳解】

主旨大意題。根據第一段"Childrenhavebeenthoughttobelargelysparedfromtheworstof

thenewcoronavirus,butdoctorsintheU.K.arenowwarningofapossibleconnection

betweenCOVID-19andanunusualinflammatory（發炎性的）syndrome（綜合癥）in

children.However,expertsstressthatseriousillnessrelatedtoCOVID-19inchildrenisstill

veryrareoverall.”（兒童被認為基本上沒有受到新型冠狀病毒最嚴重的影響，但英國的醫

生現在警告說，covid-19和一種罕見的兒童炎癥綜合癥可能存在聯系。然而，專家強

調，總體而言，與covid-19相關的兒童嚴重疾病仍然非常罕見）結合全文可知，這篇文

章主要講了COVID-19患兒罕見綜合癥，A選項最適合作文章標題。故選A。

Passagetwo

WhenhighschoolheadteacherMervynTennantretiredandmovedtothefishingvillageof

OracabessaBayonJamaica'snorthcoast,hehadtowitnessaregularandheartbreakingsight-

somepeopleillegallyhuntingthecriticallyendangeredHawksbillseaturtles（海龜）and

stealingtheireggs.

Prizedontheblackmarketfortheirgreatqualities,seaturtleeggsfetchedmuchmorethanan

averagewageinthecommunity."Iftheyworkedonabuildingsite,thatwouldbeequaltoa

month'spay,"MrTennantsays.

OracabessaBayiswheretheauthorIanFlemingcreatedJamesBond,probablytheworld's

mostfamousfictionalspy.Itisnowatouristattraction,attractingvisitorsfromalloverthe

world.However,untilrecentlythelandscapehidacruelreality-coralreefsweredyingoff,and

fishnumbershaddroppedincreasingly.Thetourismandfishingindustrieswerethreatened.

MrTennantisoneofthemanyresidentsofthevillagewhodecidedtofightbacktoprotectnot

onlytheturtles,butentirecommunity'secosystem.TheOracabessaBayFishingSanctuary

（OBFS）wasestablishedin2019.Itisanon-profitorganization.

In2020theNationalEnvironmentandPlanningAgency（NEPA）hadpaintedacruelpicture

forsealife.Itreportedthatcoralreefswereover90percentthreatenedandhadbeentakenover

byfast-growingalgae（海藻）.Fishnumberswerelowandvirtuallyallseaturtlesandtheir

eggswerebeinghuntedonthenestingbeach.

Fishers,marinebiologists,hotelownersunitednotonlytorestorecorals,fishstockandsea

turtles,butalsotoestablishsustainablelivelihoodsandacommunitycapableoflivingin

harmonywithnature.

WithsupportoftheGlobalEnvironmentFacility'sSmallGrantsProgramme(SGP)and

UNDP,OBFSsetouttopreservethemarineecosysteminthe74-hectarenaturalreserveandto

bringbackfish,seaturtlesandcoral.

1.Whatwasaheartbreakingsighttotheretiredheadteacher?

A.Huntingsetturtlesillegally.B.Theseaturtle'sdyingoff.

C.Thefishnumber'sdropping.D.Thedisappearanceofsomeseacreatures.

答案：A

2.Whydidsomepeoplekilltheendangeredturtles?

A.ToaddcollectionsB.Toeatthemasfood.

C.Toearnmoney.D.Tosatisfycuriosity.

答案：C

3.WhatcanweinferaboutOracabessaBay?

A.ItisthebirthplaceofJamesBond.B.Itusedtobeanattractiveplace.

C.Itfacesaneconomicalproblem.D.Itsecosystemisbreakingdown.

答案：D

4.WhatisthegoalofOBFS?

A.Tofightbackfast-growingalgae.B.Toliveinharmonywithland.

C.Tomakeecosystemshealthier.D.Toattractvisitors.

答案：C

【答案解析】

這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了退休高中校長MervynTennant搬到了漁村生活，發現當地

人們通過賣海龜蛋賺錢，這一行為對當地的生態系統造成了負面的影響，因此Mervyn

Tennant決定反抗這一行為。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據第——段中“hehadtowitnessaregularandheartbreakingsight-somepeople

illegallyhuntingthecriticallyendangeredHawksbillseaturtles（海龜）andstealingtheireggs.

（他不得不經常目睹令人心碎的一幕——一些人非法捕獵極度瀕危的玳瑁海龜，并偷走

它們的蛋。）”可知，對這位退休的校長來說，非法捕獵海龜是令人心碎的一幕。故選

Ao

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第二段中“Prizedontheblackmarketfortheirgreatqualities,sea

turtleeggsfetchedmuchmorethananaveragewageinthecommunity.（在黑市上，海龜蛋

因其優良的品質而備受贊譽，其價格遠高于社區的平均工資。）“可推知，有些人殺死瀕

臨滅絕的海龜來賺錢。故選C。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第三段“However,untilrecentlythelandscapehidacruelreality-coralreefs

weredyingoff,andfishnumbershaddroppedincreasingly.（然而，直至最近，這一景象掩

蓋了一個殘酷的現實——珊瑚礁正在死亡，魚的數量也在不斷下降。）”可知，

OracabessaBay珊瑚礁正在死亡，魚的數量越來越少，由此推斷它的生態系統被破壞。

故選Do

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據最后一段"OBFSsetouttopreservethemarineecosysteminthe74-hectare

naturalreserveandtobringbackfish,seaturtlesandcoral.（OBFS著手保護74公頃自然保

護區的海洋生態系統，并收回魚類、海龜和珊瑚。）”可知，OBFS的主要目標是讓生態

系統更健康。故選C。

Passagethree

Foranyonewhothinksofthemselvesasaleader-oraneffectivemanageroftheircareer—

acceptingadegreeoffearwhenfacedwithhigh-stakesdecisionsmaybenecessary.Therese

Huston,authorofanewbookaboutdecision-making,urgesthosewhosuffertoenjoyit.Tell

yourselfthisisn'tanxiety,thisisexcitement,shesays.Researchshowsthatfacingthese

workplacedifficultieswithrelish（享受）isbetterthantryingtobecalm.Forcingyourselfto

thinkaboutahigh-pressuresituationasanexcitingchallengeenablesyoutoscreenoutthe

negativejudgmentsofothersandfocus.

Ifyou'renotseeingthreatseverywhere,thenyou'llmakebetterdecisions,saysMsHuston,a

cognitivepsychologistwhoadvisescompaniesonhowtoimprovetheirdecision-making.In

HowWomenDecide,whichcontainsadviceforeveryone,shedrawsonresearchfromAlison

WoodBrooksofHarvardBusinessSchool,whofoundthattryingtocalmdowncanbe

counterproductive.Studyingperformanceanxiety,MsWoodBrooksdiscoveredthatreassessing

stressasexcitementcanboostresults.Andthestressbroughtonbyadilemmaneedstobe

tackled,forthesakeofmakinggoodandbalanceddecisions.

MsHustonrecommendsexploringotheroptionswhenfacingachoiceratherthanobsessing

aboutayesversusno-abinarychoicewithrisksattachedpilesonthepressure.Youshould

pauseandintroduceanotheralternative.Therefore,astosuchquestionsas'ShouldItakethisjob

ornot?','orstaywhereIambutaskforanewrole?'MsHustonmaintainsthatdecisionsbased

onasimpletwo-waychoiceturnedouttobemoreproblematichalfofthetime.

Consideringmorethantwooptionsresultedinamorepositiveverdict（評判）onthedecisiona

yearorsolater.MsHustonadvisespractisingtheartofgeneratingmorethanoneoptionin

everydaychoiceswhenyouarecalmandrelaxed.Makeitahabit,shesuggests,becausewhen

youarestressed,youusuallywanttomovequicklyfrom'WhatamIgoingtodo?'to'Atleast

I'mdoingsomething'.

1.MsHustonbelievesthat.

A.acceptingfeartosomeextentisnecessarywhenleadersaremakingdecisions

B.keepingcoolisbetterthanfeelinganxiouswhenmakingdecisions

C.negativejudgmentsarehelpfulwhenleadersaremakingdecisions

D.reassessingstressasexcitementcanboostresults

答案：A

2.Inparagraph1,theunderlinedphrase“screenout“probablymeans.

A.accept

B.reflect

C.eliminate

D.broadcast

答案：C

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Supposeyoubelievethreatsareeverywhere,you'llmakebetterdecisions.

B.It'sbettertoremaincalmdownwhenyouarefacedwithobstacles.

C.Facingachoice,youshouldstickto"yes"or"no"questions.

D.It'sadvisedtoavoidasimpletwo-waychoicewhenmakingdecisions.

答案：D

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Threatsareeverywhere.

B.Staycalmwhenmakingdecisions.

C.Enjoyitwhenfacinghighpressure.

D.Makeitaruletoconsidermorethantwooptions.

答案：C

【答案解析】

這是一篇說明文。主要講述的是研究表明，津津有味地面對這些工作困難比試圖保持冷

靜更好。強迫自己把一個壓力大的環境當做一個令人興奮的挑戰，這樣你就能過濾掉別

人的負面評價，集中注意力。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據第一段第一句"Foranyonewhothinksofthemselvesasaleader-oran

effectivemanageroftheircareer—acceptingadegreeoffearwhenfacedwithhigh-stakes

decisionsmaybenecessary.”（對于那些自認為是領導者或職業生涯有效管理者的人來

說，在面臨高風險決策時接受一定程度的恐懼可能是必要的）可知，休斯頓女士認為領

導者在做決策時，在一定程度上接受恐懼是必要的。故選A。

【詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據前一句"Researchshowsthatfacingtheseworkplacedifficultieswith

relish（享受）isbetterthantryingtobecalm.”（研究表明津津有味地面對這些工作困難（享受）

比試圖保持冷靜要好）以及劃線詞所在句子“Forcingyourselftothinkaboutahigh-pressure

situationasanexcitingchallengeenablesyoutoscreenoutthenegativejudgmentsofothers

andfocus."（強迫自己把一個壓力大的環境當做一個令人興奮的挑戰，這樣你就能screen

out別人的負面評價，集中注意力）可以推斷出，screenout的意思可能是消除。故選

Co

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據第三段第一句"MsHustonrecommendsexploringotheroptionswhen

facingachoiceratherthanobsessingaboutayesversusno-abinarychoicewithrisksattached

pilesonthepressure."（在面擇時，休斯頓建議探索其他選擇，而不是糾纏于“是"與“不

是”的二元選擇一一這種選擇帶有風險，會加大壓力）可知，建議在做決定時避免簡單的

雙向選擇。故選D。

【詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Researchshowsthatfacingtheseworkplace

difficultieswithrelish（享受）isbetterthantryingtobecalm.^^（研究表明，面對這些工作困難

時，享受它比試圖保持冷靜更好。）可知，這篇文章主要講述面對壓力時，要享受它;

A.威脅無處不在；B.做決定時保持冷靜；C面對壓力時，享受它；D.通常要考慮兩個

以上的選擇。故選C。

Passagefour

WhenCarnevali'ssonstartedatStMaryprimaryschoolinLondon,hewasalarmedtofind

thatpupilsweresometimeskeptindoorsatbreaktimes,despitealargeplayground.

Thereasonwasthenearbysix-laneroad,whichhasupto100,000vehiclesthunderingpastthe

schooleachday.Asevidencemountedabouttheimpactofgaswasteonchildren'shealth,the

headteacherrestrictedtimeoutside.

Carnevaliandotherparentsdecidedtotakeaction.Withinmonthstheyhadcrowdfunded

almost￡100,000,andlastmontha126-metre"livingwalF,of12,000plantswasinstalled（安裝）

aspartofaclean-airinitiativeattheschool.TheyhopethewallwilltransformoneofLondon's

mostpollutedschoolsintooneofitsgreenest.

StMary'slivingwallisoneofmanybeinginstalledaroundthecountrybylocalauthoritiesand

privatedevelopers.Tennisfansmayhavenoticedtwoenormouslivingwallsplacedonboth

sidesofthegiantoutdoorscreenatthisyear'sWimbledonchampionships.

“Demandisdefinitelygrowing.It'sbeingmainlydrivenbylocalauthorities,butalsoagreater

awarenessintheprivatesectoroftheneedforsustainablearchitecture.,,AccordingtoBenz

KotzenoftheGreenRoofsandLivingWallsCentreattheUniversityofGreenwich,4tWeneed

everytooltotrytoimprovethings,andtherejustisn'tenoughcapacityinurbanenvironments

tocreategreeninfrastructureatgroundlevel.”

Livingwallsrangefromsimplewirestructurestosupportclimbingplantstocomplicated

modularsystems,usingsoilandsolar-poweredirrigation（灌溉）.Thecostrangesfrom￡200to

￡800persquaremetre.Livingwallswilldieifthey'renotmaintainedregularly,butthe

challengeisthatitmustbedoneatheight.

Noteveryoneisafanofthetrendtowardsvertical（垂直的）gardens.

"They'renotasolution,exceptforthewealthy,saidMickCrawley,professorofplantecology

atImperialCollegeLondon.''Therearemuchcheaperandmoreeffectivewaysofimproving

airquality.Localauthoritiesstrugglingtopayforessentialserviceswillbebetteradvisedto

planttrees.”

1.Whatmadetheheadteacherrestrictchildren'sbreaktimesoutside?

A.Ajammedplayground.B.Poorairquality.C.Constanttrafficflow.D.Atight

schedule.

答案：B

2.WhatdoweknowaboutStMary'slivingwall?

A.Itisinstalledtoincreasebiodiversity.

B.Itisdesignedtomaketheschoolgreen.

C.ItismeantfortheWimbledonchampionships.

D.Itisfundedbylocalauthoritiesandprivatedevelopers.

答案：B

3.Whatisthechallengeformaintainingalivingwall?

A.Itscost.B.Itsmarket.C.Itsstructure.D.Itsheight.

答案：D

4.WhatisMickCrawley'sattitudetotheverticalgarden?

A.Disapproving.B.Uncertain.C.Flexible.D.Casual.

答案：A

【答案解析】

這是一篇說明文。主要講述了倫敦的圣瑪麗小學因為空氣污染嚴格控制學生的戶外活

動，于是家長們合資安裝凈化空氣的“生命墻”，但也有人對“生命墻”是否是最好的提高

空氣質量的選擇提出質疑。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句話“Asevidencemountedabouttheimpactofgaswaste

onchildren'shealth,theheadteacherrestrictedtimeoutside.”（隨著越來越多的證據表明廢氣

對兒童健康的影響，班主任限制了外出時間）可知，班主任限制戶外活動時間是因為空氣

質量會影響孩子健康。故選B項。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第三段結尾“TheyhopethewallwilltransformoneofLondon'smost

pollutedschoolsintooneofitsgreenest?5（他們希望這堵墻能將倫敦污染最嚴重的學校之一

變成最環保的學校之一。）可知，這面墻是為了綠化校園，讓學校更環保。故選B項。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章倒數第三段最后一句話“Livingwallswilldieifthey5renot

maintainedregularly,butthechallengeisthatitmustbedoneatheight."（如果不定期維護,活

墻將會死亡，但挑戰是必須在高處進行。）可知，需要在高處對墻進行維護，故挑戰就高

度。故選D項。

【詳解】

觀點態度題。根據文章最后一段“"They'renotasolution,exceptforthewealthy,saidMick

Crawley,professorofplantecologyatImperialCollegeLondon.''Therearemuchcheaperand

moreeffectivewaysofimprovingairquality....”（倫敦帝國理工學院植物生態學教授米克?克

勞利說：“它們不是解決辦法，除了富人。改善空氣質量有許多更便宜、更有效的方

法..”）可推知，MickCrawley對垂直花園不贊同，故選A項。

Passagefive

I'mReed,26yearsoldandfromNewYorkCity,butImovedtoFloridaseveralmonthsago.

Ifoundoutonthewebsitethattherewasahugerescueeffortstillgoingondownhereandthat

volunteersweredesperatelyneeded.Iwasabletogetagoodfriendtosponsormytriphereand

hadtheopportunitytocomeupforacoupleofweeksthroughtheChristmasseason,

WhenIfirstgotherewewerejustmovingintothenewbuilding.ThefirsthalfofmystayIwas

mainlyhelpingtosetthisplaceup,helpbuildalotofthedugrunsandjusthelpoutwith

whateverelsewasneeded.ThesecondweekIstartedtobeabletogetoutmoreandstarted

fillingupfeedingstationsinSt.BernardParish.

Onedaywewereouttryingtocheckoutanextremelypregnantdogthatwasreportedtobeout

inSt.BernardParish,whichwouldsoonhavepartsofitdestroyedsogettingasmanyanimals

outofthereaspossiblewasdefinitelyapriority（最重要的事）.Whenwearrivedatthelocation

wedidseeafemaledogthatclearlyhadalreadygivenbirthtoherpuppies.Itiedtobefriend

herasmuchaspossible,givinghertreatsandslowlytryingtobuildhertrust.Shewasn'tgoing

far,sothatindicatedherpuppieswerenearby.

Oncewebuiltsomewhatofarapportwithher,westartedtosearchforthepuppies.Almost

givingup,wearrivedatahousethatseemedlikeitcouldbeapossibility.Igotonmyhands

andkneestryingtomakeoutwhatwasgoingonunderthehouse,stayingasquietaspossible.

Allofasudden,Iheardtheweakestsoundofapuppy'scrying.Afterhominginonitalittlebit

more,therewasclearlyatrashunderthehouse.Aftergettingalittlemorehelp,wewereableto

getthepuppiesfromunderthehousewithsuccessandwefoundouttheyweren'tevenaweek

old.

Thisexperiencewassounbelievable,oneIknowUlineverforget.

1.WhatdidReeddointhefirstweekinFlorida?

A.Feedingdogsinthestreets.

B.Searchingforsponsorshiptotravel.

C.Helpingwithsomeconstructionwork.

D.Assistingintearingdownanoldbuilding.

答案：C

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeReed?

A.Warm-heartedandpromising.B.Enthusiasticandcaring.

C.Considerateandgenerous.D.Kindandhumorous.

答案：B

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rapport“inparagraph4mean?

A.Extremehatred.

B.Everlastingfriendship.

C.Harmoniousrelationship.

D.Psychologicaldefense.

答案：C

4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Thepuppieswerestrongandlively.

B.Reedmadeeffortstosavethepuppies.

C.St.BernardParishwasbeingdestroyed.

D.Thefemaledogwouldgivebirthtopuppies.

答案：B

【答案解析】

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Reed去Florida做志愿者然后幫助了一群小狗的故

事。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第二段“ThefirsthalfofmystayIwasmainlyhelpingtosetthisplace

up,helpbuildalotofthedugrunsandjusthelpoutwithwhateverelsewasneeded.（在我逗留

的前半段時間里，我主要是幫助建立這個地方，幫助建造了很多挖掘跑道，并幫助解決

其他任何需要）”可知，Reed在佛羅里達的第一周幫助做了一些建筑工作。故選C項。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，結合文章倒數第二段“Aftergettingalittlemorehelp,wewereable

togetthepuppiesfromunderthehousewithsuccessandwefoundouttheyweren'tevena

weekold.（在得到更多的幫助后，我們成功地把小狗從房子下面救了出來，我們發現它們

還不到一周大）“可知，本篇文章講的是Reed來到Florida做志愿者然后幫助了一群小狗

的故事。通過此事件可以推斷出，Reed是一個熱情，樂于助人的人。故選B項。

【詳解】

詞義猜測題。通過文章第三段力tiedtobefriendherasmuchaspossible,givinghertreats

andslowlytryingtobuildhertrust.（我盡可能地和她交朋友，給她吃的，慢慢地努力建立

她的信任）''可推斷出，作者等人與小狗建立了一種融洽的關系，所以帶下劃線的詞

“rapport”意為“和諧的關系”。故選C項。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Igotonmyhandsandkneestryingtomakeoutwhatwas

goingonunderthehouse,stayingasquietaspossible.Allofasudden,Iheardtheweakest

soundofapuppy'scrying.Afterhominginonitalittlebitmore,therewasclearlyatrashunder

thehouse.Aftergettingalittlemorehelp,wewereabletogetthepuppiesfromunderthehouse

withsuccessandwefoundouttheyweren'tevenaweekold.（我跪在地上試圖弄清楚房子下

面發生了什么，盡量保持安靜。突然，我聽到了小狗最微弱的哭聲。再仔細端詳一下，

房子下面顯然有一堆垃圾。在得到更多的幫助后，我們成功地把小狗從房子下面救了出

來，我們發現它們還不到一周大）”可知，本段主要講述Reed把小狗們救出來從廢墟中救

出來的全過程。可推知，本文講述了Reed努力救小狗的故事。故選B項。

Passagesix

“IhavesleptontheEmbankment（路堤）JwroteGeorgeOrwellin1933,addingthat,despite

thenoiseandthewetandthecold,itwas“muchbetterthannotsleepingatall”.Ninedecades

onandCharingCrossandtheEmbankmentareonceagainfullofroughsleepers,evenduring

thecoldestdaysofDecember.Itisapatternfoundinmuchoftherichworld.

However,itdoesnothavetobethisway.Inpost-warAmerica,therewaslittleroughsleeping,

andhomelessnesswasfallingsofastthatsociologistspredicteditwouldsoondisappear.Even

today,somerich,successfulcities,includingTokyoandMunich,havefewpeoplelivingonthe

streets.

Theseplacesofferlessonsonhowtoreducehomelessness.Oneisthattoughlovecan

sometimeswork.Conservativesarguethatsofterpolicingpoliciesinthe1970s,including

carelessattitudestopublicdrunkenness,wereinpartresponsiblefortheriseinhomelessness.

TheworldcouldlearnsomethingfromGreece,wherestrongfamilynetworksensurethatthose

downontheirluckfindsomeonetotakethemin.Manyexpertsarguethatitis

counterproductive（事與愿違的）togivemoneytosomeonebeggingonthestreet.Better,they

say,todonatetoacharity.

Yet,mostpeoplebelievetougherpolicieswillultimatelydolittleifhousingcostsremainhigh.

Thisistheunderlyingreasonforrisinghomelessness.So,thestatecandosomethingtohelp.

Forexample,moregenerousrentallowancemightactuallysavegovernmentsmoneyinthe

mediumterm-afterall,demandsonhealth-careservicesandthepolicewoulddecline.Another

optionisforthestatetobuildmorehousingitself.InSingapore,aplacewherethereis

practicallynohomelessness,80%ofresidentsliveingovernment-builtflatswhichtheybuyat

knock-downprices.

Themosteffectivereform,however,wouldbetomakebuildingmorehomeseasier.The

problemofroughsleepinginGermanyandSwitzerland,twocountrieswithminimalreal-

house-pricegrowthinrecentdecades,islessacute.Japanhasuseditsfairshareofstrong-arm

policiestodealwiththehomeless,butthenitintroducedabigurbanreformintheearly2000s.

1.WhyisGeorgeOrwellmentionedinparagraph1?

A.ToshowtherichlifeinCharingCross.B.Inmemoryoftheworld-famouswriter.

C.Toshowtheconditionofroughsleepers.D.Tointroducethetopicofhomelessness.

答案：D

2.Whatmayhelpreducehomelessness?

A.Publicdrunkenness.B.Softerpolicingpolicies.

C.Lowerhousingcosts.D.Givingbeggarsmoney.

答案：C

3.Whichcountrymayhavethefewesthomelesspeople?

A.Germany.B.Singapore.C.Switzerland.D.Japan.

答案：B

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WaystoReformModemSociety.B.ReasonstoCutHousingCosts.

C.HowtoReduceHomelessness.D.EffectsofHomelessnessRising.

答案：C

【答案解析】

本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了當前富裕國家中無家可歸的問題以及如何減少無家可歸

者的一些方法。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第——段中“NinedecadesonandCharingCrossandtheEmbankmentare

onceagainfullofroughsleepers,evenduringthecoldestdaysofDecember.Itisapattern

foundinmuchoftherichworld.（九十年過去了,查令十字和堤岸再一次擠滿了露宿街頭

的人，即使是在最寒冷的12月。這是許多發達國家都存在的一種情況。）”可知本段引用

喬治?奧威爾的話來引出當前富裕國家中無家可歸的問題。故選D。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Yet,mostpeoplebelievetougherpolicieswillultimatelydolittle

ifhousingcostsremainhigh.Thisistheunderlyingreasonforrisinghomelessness.（然而，大

多數人認為，如果住房成本居高不下，更嚴格的政策最終收效甚微，這是無家可歸者增

多的根本原因。）''可知住房成本居高不下是無家可歸者增多的根本原因，由此可推知降

低住房成本有助于減少無家可歸者。故選C。

【詳解】

細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句"InSingapore,aplacewherethereispracticallyno

homelessness,80%ofresidentsliveingovernment-builtflatswhichtheybuyatknock-down

prices.（在新加坡這個幾乎沒有無家可歸者的地方，80%的居民住在政府建造的公寓里，

他們以極低的價格購買這些公寓。）”及最后一段中“Theproblemofroughsleepingin

GennanyandSwitzerland,twocountrieswithminimalreal-house-pricegrowthinrecent

decades,islessacute.Japanhasuseditsfairshareofstrong-armpoliciestodealwiththe

homeless,（近幾十年來，德國和瑞士這兩個國家的房屋價格漲幅最小，但它們的露宿問

題沒有那么嚴重。日本在處理無家可歸者的問題上使用了其應有的強硬政策，）”可知新

加坡無家可歸者最少。故選B。

【詳解】

主旨大意題。分別根據三、四、五段中“Theseplacesoffbrlessonsonhowtoreduce

homelessness.（這些地方提供了如何減少無家可歸的課程。）；Yet,mostpeoplebelieve

tougherpolicieswillultimatelydolittleifhousingcostsremainhigh.Thisistheunderlying

reasonforrisinghomelessness.So,thestatecandosomethingtohelp.（然而，大多數人認

為，如果住房成本居高不下，更嚴格的政策最終收效甚微，這是無家可歸者增多的根本

原因。所以，國家可以做一些事情來幫助解決。）；Themosteffectivereform,however,

wouldbetomakebuildingmorehomeseasier.（然而，最有效的改革應該是讓建造更多住房

變得更容易。戶及文章的主要內容可知本文主要講述了減少世界最富裕的城市中無家可

歸者的一些方法。接和選項可知選項C.HowtoReduceHomelessness.（如何減少無家可歸

者。）概括最為準確全面。故選C。

Passageseven

Manycitiesintheworldarebenefitingfromthenocturnal（夜間活動的）activitiesofa

groupofpeoplewhocallthemselvesguerrilla（游擊隊的）gardeners.Armedwithtrowels（鏟

子）,spadesandavanfullofflowersandplants,guerrillagardenersturnabandonedurban

landintoablazeofcolor.Incitycentrelocationswheretherewasmud,weedsandemptyplastic

bottles,residentsoftenwakeuptofindthatthewastedareahasbeentransformed

InmostBritishcities,localgovernmentsandpoliceturnablindeyetotheexploitsofthe

gardeners,whoseactivitiesarealwayscarriedoutundercoverofnightfall.Andsofar,therehas

beennothingbutpraisefromtheastonishedanddelightedlocalresidentswhentheyfindtheir

neighborhoodtransformedinsuchastrikingfashion.

Notonlydotheguerrillagardenersbeautifyneglectedplaces,theyalsoreturnregularlytowater

theplantsandweedtheflowerbeds.Theyalsomakesurethatatleastsomeoftheplantsthey

bringareevergreens,whichmeansthattheareadoesn'tloodismal（凄涼的）inthewinter

months.

ThefirstguerrillagardenerinLondonwasRichardReynolds,whosedayjobwasatan

advertisingagency.Mr.Reynolds,agraduateofOxfordUniversity,beganhiseffortstwoyears

agowhenhemovedtoaflatinatowerblockinSouthLondon.Fromhisbalcony,hecouldsee