外刊精讀精練

〃上網(wǎng)閑逛''帶來的隱患

導(dǎo)讀：

一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前每個(gè)工作日中14%的時(shí)間竟然被用于"上網(wǎng)閑

逛"。在各國(guó)的辦公室里，員工在上班時(shí)間查看社交媒體網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)上購(gòu)

物、閱讀新聞、瀏覽八卦等已很常見。人們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)養(yǎng)成"上網(wǎng)閑逛”

的習(xí)慣呢？這個(gè)習(xí)慣怎么改？跟隨本集《外刊精讀》了解造成人們"上

網(wǎng)閑逛"背后的原因。

一、語篇泛讀

Vocabulary:Procrastination詞匯：延遲

Timetoownup.Whenyou'resittingatyourcomputer,doyou

worksolidlyallday?OrdoyouaIlowyourselftobecome

distractednowandagain...toopenafewextratabs,checksocial

media,readaspotofnews,browsethelatestfashiontrends,maybe

catchuponsomecelebritygossip,andlookatsome...

Stop!You're'cyberloafing'.Theunwieldywordisacombinationof

'cyber',whichmeans'relatedtocomputers',and'loafing',which

means"relaxinginalazyway'.Wedoit,andwedoitalot.Astudy

fromtheUniversityofTexassuggestsweareguiltyofthisformof

procrastinationfor14%ofourworkingday.OnaFridayafternoon,I

expectit'smorethanthat.

I'lladmittoindulgingintheoddboutofcyberloafingmyself.In

factI'vealreadydoneitinthecourseofwritingthisstory.OK,more

thanonce.

Butit/saslipperyslope.Itcandamageyourproductivityandeven

yourcareer.BecauseaccordingtotheUniveristyofTexasresearch,

eachtimeaworkergetssidetrackedbytheinternetittakesanaverage

of23minutestogetbacktowork.

Morethanthat,cyberloafinghasadarkside,accordingtoareport

publishedinTheJournalofPsychosocialResearchonCyberspace.It

arguesthatcyberloafingisconnectedtoseveralnegativepersonality

traits.Peoplewhocyberloafaremorelikelyto

bemanipulative,self-interestedandnarcissistic.Furthermore,people

withthesetraitsarelesslikelytofeelremorseaboutavoidingwork,

andlessconcernedaboutgettingcaught.

Whydowedoit?Forsome,it'sundoubtedlyanescapefromthe

drudgeryofwhatthey'resupposedtobedoing.Orawayofavoiding

tacklingthatevergrowingin-tray.Somemightgetafeelingof

satisfaction,getabuzzfromfindingagreatdealonline.Butoverall,

it'ssomethingthattakesyouawayfromwhatyou'reactuallybeing

paidtodo,orpayingtodo:ifyou'reastudent.

Whenyouhavethewholeworldoftheinternetatyourfingertips,

it'shardtoresist.

Howdowenipitinthebud?Ifyoucantrulyaskyourselfwhyyou

arecyberloafing,thenthatcanhelpidentifythebaseproblem.Andif

thatsoundsliketoomuchhardwork,youcouldjustswitchoffthe

internetforacoupleofhours!

Sointhemeantime,letmejustclosethoseextratabs...

二、詞匯表

ownup承認(rèn)，坦白（錯(cuò)誤）

solidly扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地，連續(xù)地

nowandagain不時(shí)的

tab（瀏覽器）窗口

gossip八卦，流言蜚語

unwieldy笨拙的

indulgein沉溺于

odd偶爾的

bout（某活動(dòng)的）一陣

slipperyslope滑坡效應(yīng)，下坡路

productivity生產(chǎn)率

getsidetracked使分心，注意力被轉(zhuǎn)移了

darkside陰暗面，黑暗面

manipulative有控制欲的，愛擺布（他人）的

self-interested利己主義的，只為自己著想的

narcissistic自我欣賞的

getabuzz讓人感到異常興奮

atyourfingertips近在手邊

tonip（something）inthebud防患于未然

三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Iscyberloafingawidespreadproblem?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayisthebestwaytostop

cyberloafing?

3.Whycanyousaycyberloafinghasa'darkside"?

4.Whichwordmeans'continuousboredom'?

5.Trueorfalse:Theauthorhassympathyforcyberloafers.

請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的

單詞填入句子的空格處。

1.Don'tspendtoomuchonyourcreditcard.It'sa.Youget

intoseriousfinancialtrouble.

darksidebuzz

sidetrackslipperyslope

2.Stoplookingatyourselfinthemirror.Youreallyare.

manipulativeunwieldy

narcissisticsidetracked

3.riladmitIdolikethemuffinnowandagain.Even

thoughI'mputtingonweight.

oddunusual

strangeslippery

4.Witha,youhavetheworldatyourfingertips.Itcando

somanythings.

fryingpan

smartphone

pairofgloves

toothbrush

5.I'vebeenworkingsolidlyallmorning.Ineed.

abreakabuzz

tospeeduptofocus

【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Iscyberloafingawidespreadproblem?

Accordingtoonestudy,almost14%ofourworkingdayisspent

cyberloafing.Sointermsofproductivity,it'sahugeproblem.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayisthebestwaytostopcyberloafing?

Thebestwayistoaskyourselfwhyyouarecyberloafingandtryto

identifythebaseproblem.

3.Whycanyousaycyberloafinghasa"darkside??

Onestudylinkedcyberloafingwithnegativepersonalitytraits,

includingbeingmanipulative,narcissisticandself-interested.

4.Whichwordmeans'continuousboredom"?

Drudgery.

5.Trueorfalse:Theauthorhassympathyforcyberloafers.

Theauthoradmitstocyberloafingandalsouseslanguagelike“hardto

resist”,soitappearshehassympathyforthisbehaviour.

請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的

單詞填入句子的空格處。

1.Don'tspendtoomuchonyourcreditcard.It'saslipperyslope.

Yougetintoseriousfinancialtrouble.

2.Stoplookingatyourselfinthemirror.Youreally

arenarcissistic.

3.I'lladmitIdoliketheoddmuffinnowandagain.Eventhough

I'mputtingonweight.

4.Withasmartphone,youhavetheworldatyourfingertips.It

candosomanythings.

5.I'vebeenworkingsolidlyallmorning.Ineedabreak.

五件由女性發(fā)明的東西

導(dǎo)讀：

計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該是個(gè)男性工作的領(lǐng)域，對(duì)嗎？?jī)H從目前的從

業(yè)人數(shù)來看，男性程序員的人數(shù)超過女性從業(yè)人數(shù)，但曾經(jīng)一度可不

是這樣的。本集《外刊精讀》帶你認(rèn)識(shí)50年代的一位女性先鋒程序員，

同時(shí)介紹那些由女性發(fā)明的日用品。

一、語篇泛讀

Vocabulary:Innovation詞匯:創(chuàng)造

Here'sasimplechallenge:nameafamousinventor.Perhaps

RenaissancepolymathLeonardodaVincispringstomind.Or

thepioneerofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBell.Butyoumight

behard-pressedtonamemanyfemaleinventors,eventhoughwomen

arebehindsomeofthemostwidelyusedtechnologiesinthemodern

world.

Forexample,wherewouldwebewithoutthewindscreenwiper?

Backonafreezingwinter'sdayin1902,MaryAndersonwastravelling

bytramthroughNewYorkcity.Snowwasfalling,forcingthedriverto

stoprepeatedlyandgetouttoclearit.Eachtimethedooropened,

Marysufferedagustofsub-zeroair.Shehadabrainwave:whynot

makesomekindofarubberbladethatcouldbeoperatedfrominside

thevehicle?Andthat'sexactlywhatshedid.

Let'sstepinfromfreezingNewYorkforournextinvention.

Thedishwasherdatesbackevenearliertothe19thCentury,andtothe

dinnerpartiesthrownbyaladycalledJosephineCochrane.Asa

frequenthost,shewantedamachinethatcouldwashdishesfaster

thanpeople.Herresponsewastodevelopwhatwastobecomethefirst

commerciallysuccessfuldishwasher.Interestingly,innovationwasin

herblood:hergrandfatherhadinventedthesteamboat.

Needsomethingtodowhilethedishwasheriswhirringaway?How

aboutaroundofMonopoly?Oneofthemostpopularboardgames

around,theruleswerefirstdrawnupbyaladycalledElizabethMagie,

andpatentedin1904.Herintentionwastocreateagametohighlight

whatshesawasthepitfallsofcapitalism.ItwasoriginallycalledThe

Landlord'sGame.

Toanaltogetherdifferentkindofinnovation:Kevlaristhe

lightweightfibreusedinbulletproofvests.Thematerialisusedby

millionseverydayandhassavedcountlesslives.Thesupertoughfabric

isalsousedinobjectsrangingfromglovestoaeroplanestowind

turbines.Incredibly,itsstrength-to-weightratioisfivetimeshigher

thansteel.Again,itwasinventedbyawoman,theAmericanchemist

StephanieKwolek,in1964.

Finally,oneofthemostimportantinventionsofthe20thCentury

mustsurelybethecomputerprogramme.Theworldofprogramming

isnotoriouslyunbalancedintermsofgender.Men

vastlyoutnumberwomen,andtakehomearound30%morepaythan

theirfemalecounterpartsonaverage.Butbackinthe1940sand50s,

womenwereattheforefrontofthisnewfield.GraceHopperis

creditedwithinventingthefirstcompilerin1952,whichservesasthe

bridgebetweencodeandthebinaryonesandzerosunderstoodby

computers.

二、詞匯表

polymath博學(xué)者，博學(xué)的人

springtomind突然呈現(xiàn)在腦海中

pioneer先鋒

hard-pressed（由于缺少時(shí)間）面臨困難的

wherewouldwebewithout…假如沒有…我們將會(huì)是怎樣的？

windscreenwiper雨刷器

sub-zero溫度在零度以下的

brainwave（突發(fā)的）靈感，妙計(jì)

dishwasher洗碗機(jī)

throw（aparty）舉辦（聚會(huì)）

insomeone'sblood在某人的血液中，在骨子里

whirr（洗衣機(jī)）發(fā)出嗡嗡聲

patent注冊(cè)專利權(quán)

pitfail陷阱

bulletproofvest防彈背心

windturbine風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)

notoriously出了名地（負(fù)面），聲名狼藉地

gender性別

outnumber在數(shù)量上壓倒

binary二進(jìn)位制

三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Howdidacolddaycausethewindscreenwipertobeinvented?

2.WhydidCochraneinventthedishwasher?

3.Whichwordexpressestherelationshipbetweentwo

amounts?

4.Whichwordreferstosomethinglonewithasharpedge?

5.Whichindustryusedtoemploycomparativelymorewomenin

thepastthantoday?

請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的

單詞填入句子的空格處。

1.I'vejusthada.Whydon/tweinventamachinethat

answersquestionsinTakeAwayEnglish?

brainwaveinnovation

inventionidea

2.Wherewouldwebewithoutyou,Matt?Yourquickthinking

ourcompany.

hard-pressedwhirred

ruinedsaved

3.Thereareanumberoftoconsiderwhenstartinga

business.Doyourresearchsoyoudon'tfacetheseproblems.

polymathspitfaIls

patentsopportunities

4.What'sthatwhirringsound?It'sjustthe.

drilltelevision

washingmachinecat

5.Thisareaisforviolence.Takecareonthestreets.

notoriouspitfall

intheblood

outnumbered

【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Howdidacolddaycausethewindscreenwipertobeinvented?

Everytimethedriveropenedthedoor,freezingaircameinside.Mary

Andersonthoughttherehadtobea