專題06閱讀理解之詞意推斷與代詞指代

一.（2022?青海海東?一模）

Therearepeoplelivinginalmosteverycornerofourcrowdedplanet.Fromthetopsof

mountainstodeepunderground,we'vealwaysbeenabletofindhabitableplacestomakea

home.Butwithspaceatapremium（稀少），we'vestartedtolookevendeeperforsomewhere

tolive.

Throughouthistory,peoplehavebeenfascinatedbytheideaoflivingunderwater.More

recently,theeffectsofhumanactivityonthelandhaveledsometolooktotheoceansfor

naturalresources.Oceanographersandarchitectshavelookedatdesigningvessels,labsand

underwaterhabitatstoenablepeopletoliveandworkinaunderwaterworld.But,while

dreamsofanunderwatercityhaveremainedafantasy,howclosearewetomakingour

homeontheseabedareality?

ThepioneerofundersealivingwasIanKoblick.Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexisted

tocreateunderwatercoloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.HeevenopenedLa

Chalupa,oncethelargestandmostadvancedunderwaterhabitatandresearchfacilityinthe

world.

AmorerecentandambitiousdesignforanunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.Designed

bytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.

It,sgotatowerrunningthroughittothesurface,providingspaceforhomes,officesand

evenanamusementparkforfivethousandresidents.

Ofcourse,thereareengineeringchallengesinconstructinganoceanicmetropolis.And

livingunderwaterwouldhavemajoreffectsonthehumanbody,especiallyasthereisan

increaseinatmosphericpressure,whichcouldleadtothebends.So,maybeit'stoosoonto

bepackingourbagsandsettingupanewlifethreethousandmetresunderthesea!

1.Whyarepeoplelookingforwardtolivingunderwater?

A.Spaceonlandisinshortsupply.

B.Livingunderwaterisveryeasy.

C.Theworldunderwaterisfantastic.

D.Theyaretiredoflivingonland.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardslivingunderwater?

A.Indifferent.

B.Critical.

C.Negative.

D.Objective.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Livingunderwaterdoesharmtothehumanbody.

B.OceanSpiralcancontainfivethousandresidents.

C.Peoplecanlookforwardtothefutureofunderwaterlife.

D.Wecanpackourbagsandsetupanewlifeunderwater.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Ajournalofhistory.

B?Asciencewebsite.

C.Aninternationalnewspaper.

D.Atravelguidebook.

二.（2022?吉林吉林?模擬預測）

AccordingtoJimCoan,apsychologistfromtheUniversityofVirginia,holdinghands

withsomeoneyoutrustcanhaveapositiveeffectonyourhealth.Why?Researchershave

shownintheirstudiesthatthesimpleactoftouchcanreducestressandevenlowerheart

rate.

Inastudy,Jimandhiscolleaguesbroughtcouplesintothelab,andthenputoneof

theminanfMRImachinetoscantheactivityintheirbrains.Whilescanningthem,the

participantslookedatascreen,andonaseriesoftests,theyeithersawagreencircleora

red"X”.Agreencirclemeantthatthetestwouldendshortlyandnothingelsewould

happen.Ared"X"meantthatinafewseconds,therewasachancethattheywouldreceive

amildelectricshockontheirleg.Theshockwasn'tpainful,butitwasn'texactly

comfortableeither.

Duringsomeofthesetests,participantswereinthefMRIscanneralone;duringothers,

aresearchercameinandheldtheirhand;andonafinalsetoftests,theirromanticpartner

cameinandheldtheirhand.Jimandcolleaguesfoundthatwhenparticipantsthoughtthey

mightbegettingashock,theyhadalowerstressresponseintheirbrainswhenholdingtheir

romanticpartner*shandthanintheothertwoconditions.Andthehappierthecouplessaid

theywereintheirrelationships,themoretheromanticpartner'shandlessened（減弱）the

brain'sresponsetotheshock.Thisstudysuggeststhatwhenwe'restressed,holdingaloved

one'shandcanreducethatstress.

Theresearchalsosuggeststhattouchhasimmediateandpositiveeffectsonbabies.

Skin-to-skincontactcanreducecrying,stress,andimprovesleep.Theseeffectscanbe

long-lasting:adults,heldalotwhentheywerebabies,arethemostlikelytobehealthyand

well-adjusted-infact,themoretheywerecarriedinbabyhood,thebettertheyadjustin

adulthood.

5.Howwouldaparticipantprobablyfeelwhenseeingared"X”?

A.Nervous.

B.Excited.

C.Hopeful.

D.Painful.

6.Whydidresearchersdosetsoftestsinthestudy?

A.Tomakesurethestudyresultsarecorrect.

B.Tocomparebrainactivitiesindifferentcases.

C.Totesttherelationshipsbetweencouples.

D.TocheckthefunctionsofthefMRIscanner.

7.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatmaythewriteragreewith?

A.Babiesshouldbeheldandcarriedasmuchaspossible.

B.Babies'problemscanbesolvedmainlybytouching.

C.Theeffectsthattouchinghasonbabiesdon'tlastlong.

D.Adultswhowerenotheldasbabiescan'tadjusttosociety.

8.Whichofthefollowingmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TouchImprovesBrainFunction

B.TouchHappensEverywhere

C.TouchHelpsFormGoodHabits

D.TouchMakesaBigDifference

答案

（2022?青海海東.一模）

【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們嘗試讓水下生活成為現實的計

劃，以及人們在水下安家之前需要克服的困難。

1.細節理解題。根據第一段uTherearepeoplelivinginalmosteverycornerofour

crowdedplanet.Fromthetopsofmountainstodeepunderground,we'vealwaysbeen

abletofindhabitableplacestomakeahome.Butwithspaceatapremium（稀少），we'

vestartedtolookevendeeperforsomewheretolive.（在我們這個擁擠的星球上，幾

乎每個角落都有人居住。從山頂到地下深處，我們總能找到適合安家的地方。但

隨著空間的稀少，我們開始更深入地尋找居住的地方。）”可知，人們想去水下居

住是因為地表空間不足。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexistedtocreate

underwatercoloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.（他聲稱已經有技術可以在水

下建立可以養活100人的居住地。）"、第四段"Amorerecentandambitiousdesign

foranunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.DesignedbytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,

it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.（一個更近期、更有野心的水下

城市設計是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司設計的，是一個連接在海底的巨大透

明球體。）”以及第五段wOfcourse,thereareengineeringchallengesinconstructing

anoceanicmetropolis.Andlivingunderwaterwouldhavemajoreffectsonthehuman

body,especiallyasthereisanincreaseinatmosphericpressure,whichcouldleadto

thebends.（當然，建設海洋大都市也存在工程上的挑戰。生活在水下會對人體產生

重大影響，尤其是隨著大氣壓力的增加，這可能會導致減壓病。）”可推斷，作者

只是在客觀地陳述這些事實。選項A“Indifferent（漠不關心的）”；選項B"Critical

（批判的）”；選項C“Negative（否定的）”：選項D"Objective（客觀的）"。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據文章第三段"Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexistedtocreate

underwatercoloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.（他聲稱己經有技術可以在水

下建立可以養活100人的居住地。）”以及第四段“Amorerecentandambitiousdesign

foranunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.DesignedbytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,

it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.（一個更近期、更有野心的水下

城市設計是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司設計的，是一個連接在海底的巨大透

明球體。）”可推斷，人們已經有了一些在水下生活的嘗試，只是還有些困難沒有

克服。所以在水下生活從長遠來看是值得期待的，或許在將來有可能實現。故選Co

4.推理判斷題。根據文章內容可知，文章主要講述的是未來水下生活的可能性以

及面臨的挑戰，這些都是和科學相關的。所以文章最有可能來自科學網站。故選B。

二.（2022?吉林吉林?模擬預測）

【答案】5.A6.B7.A8.D

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學家的研究成果：來自信任的、親近的人

的觸碰可以幫助其緩解壓力，對身體健康有積極作用。

5.推理判斷題。根據第二段最后兩句"Ared'X'meantthatinafewseconds,there

wasachancethattheywouldreceiveamildelectricshockontheirleg.Theshock

wasn'tpainful,butitwasn'texactlycomfortableeither.,,（紅"X"表示幾秒鐘后，

他們的腿可能會受到輕微電擊。電擊并不痛，但也不是很舒服。）及第三段第二

句"Jimandcolleaguesfoundthatwhenparticipantsthoughttheymightbegettinga

shock,theyhadalowerstressresponseintheirbrainswhenholdingtheirromantic

partner;shandthanintheothertwoconditions.w（吉姆及其同事發現,當參與者

認為他們可能會受到電擊時，與其他兩種情況相比，他們握著愛人的手時，大腦

的壓力反應更低。）可知，伴隨紅“X”而來的電擊會讓參與者產生緊張及壓力感，

只不過握著愛人的手時這種反應會降低。故選A項。

6.推理判斷題。根據第三段第二句"Jimandcolleaguesfoundthatwhenparticipants

thoughttheymightbegettingashock,theyhadalowerstressresponseinIheirbrains

whenholdingtheirromanticpartner'shandthanintheothertwoconditions.n（吉姆

及其同事發現，當參與者認為他們可能會受到電擊時，與其他兩種情況相比，他

們握著愛