考研外語模擬試卷11

一、UseofEnglish

1、Cigarettescanseriouslydamageyourcountryside.Fanned

by112km/hSantaAnawinds,firesweptacross4,250hectares

nearthemountaincommunityofAlpine,California.Morethan

650peoplewere(1)immediatelyfromtheirhomes.As800

firefighters(2)tocontroltheconflagration(alarge,

destructivefire大火)，(3)ofsmoke(4)over9,000m

andsentcloudsof(5)driftingacrossSanDiego,nearly

50kmaway.A(6)ofairtankers(acargoplanecarrying

waterorfuel運輸水或燃料的飛機)andhelicopters(7)

waterandfire-retarding(8)overthearea.Firefighters

believethe(9)wasstartedbya(10)discarded

cigarette.California,(11)rainingatthistimeofyear,

hadonly1mmofprecipitation(rain;aquantityofrainina

specificareaataspecifictime)inDecember,making(12)

thestate's(13)wintermonthin70years.Inthe1970's

(14)homesandranchesinthemountainsnearAlpinewere

(15)bywildfire.Afterthat(16)residentMaryTitus

wroteherself(17)aboutwhattodo,shouldanotherfire

(18)forcehertoflee."Ihadalistof(19)Icould

takeifIhadfiveminutesandalistofwhatIcouldtakeif

Ihad30minutes."Shesaid,“Ihad30minutes,Iwas(20)

A.evacuated

B.slip

C.run

D.rush

2、(2)

A.struck

B.fought

C.struggled

D.trial

3、⑶

A.sets

B.columns

C.rows

D.arrays

4、(4)

A.rose

B.rise

C.raise

D.raised

5、⑸

A.ash

B.ass

C.as

D.ah

6、(6)

A.armada

B.line

C.fleet

D.group

7、(7)

A.splashed

B.dropped

C.fell

D.dripped

8、(8)

A.chemicals

B.substance

C.chemistry

D.element

9、(9)

q3

A.spark

B.flash

C.blaze

D.glow

10、(10)

A.single

B.unique

C.rare

D.only

11、(11)

A.formally

B.normally

C.morally

D.formerly

12、(12)

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.what

13、(13)

A.wet

B.dry

4

C.drier

D.driest

14、(14)

A.main

B.large

C.major

D.principal

15、(15)

A.destroying

B.destroyed

C.destructed

D.destructing

16、(16)

A.experiment

B.trial

C.experience

D.event

17、(17)

A.reminders

B.notes

C.diaries

D.warning

目5

18、(18)

A.still

B.ever

C.never

D.yet

19、(19)

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.it

20、(20)

A.luck

B.unlucky

C.lucky

D.unfortunate

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

PermitmefirsttothankourChinesehostsforyour

extraordinaryarrangementsandhospitality.MywifeandI,as

wellasourentireparty,aredeeplygrateful.Intheshort

periodofsixdays,wehavegonealongerdistancethantheLong

March.Wehaveacquiredakeensenseofthediversity,dynamism,

andprogressofChinaunderyourpoliciesofreform,andopening

totheoutsideworld.

MorethaneightyearshavepassedsincevicepremierDeng

XiaopingandIjoinedhandstoestablishfulldiplomatic

relationsbetweenourtwogreatnations.Ourhopeandvision

wastoforgeaSino-Americanrelationshipwhichwould

contributetoworldpeaceandthewelfareofourtwopeoples.

IpersonallylookedupontheforgingoffirmSino-Americanties

asahistoricallysignificantexperiment.

Wefacedthequestionin1978,astosomeextentwestilldo

today:Cantwonationsasdifferentasours一yoursoneofthe

oldestcivilizationsonearth,mineoneoftheyoungest;yours

asocialiststateandminecommittedtocapitalism;yoursa

developingcountryandmineadevelopedone—cantwonations

surmountandindeeddrawuponthesedifferencestobuildan

unprecedentedanddistinctiverelationshipinworldaffairs?

Ifwearesuccessful,inonegreatstepourtwonationswill

havebeenabletoeaseoneofthegreatestsourcesoftension

ininternationalaffairs:thatbetweenthedevelopingand

developedworlds.Westillhavealongwaytogo,anditisstill

tooearlytoconcludethatourexperimentwillculminatein

success,butcertainlytheresultsofthefirsttenyearsare

promising.Sino-Americantieshavebecomeextensive,affecting

allaspectsofournationallives:commerce,culture,education,

scientificexchangeandourseparatenationalsecurity

policies.

I,mmostproudofthelargenumberofChinesestudentsbeing

educatedinourcountry一nowabout18000.Iteachsomeofthem

andseethebenefitsthatcomefromthisexchange.Atthesame

time,wearelearningvaluablelessonsfromyou.Nonetheless,

problemsremaininoureconomic,educationalandstrategic

relations.

AsaprivateAmericancitizenIrecognizethatmanyofthe

burdensandopportunitiesofourrelationshiphavenowpassed

tothenon-governmentalsectorsofourtwosocieties:to

individuals,ourcorporations,universities,research

institutes,foundations,andsoon.Thereisnodoubtthat

Sino-Americanrelationshavereachedanewstage.Inthis

context,itisimportantforourtwosocietiestosearchfor

areasofcooperationwhichclearlyaddtoourmutualbenefit.

Inthatregard,I'mdelightedthatGlobal2000-BCCIis

launchingtwoprojectsintheareaofpublichealth.Although

oursisrelativelyquitesmall,suchactivities,whencombined

withourcommonforeignpolicyinterestsandagrowing

commercialrelationship,shouldhelptoremovethelingering

fragilityinSi-no-Americanrelations.

Bysaying”…wehavegonealongerdistancethantheLong

March“inthefirstparagraph,thespeakerintendsto.

A.showthattheirvisitismoreimportantthantheLongMarch

B.showthattheyareverybusyduringthevisit

C.inform,theaudienceofhistiresomefeelingofhislong

distancetravel

D.emphasizethesuccesshisvisittoChina

2、

TheSino-Americanrelationshipisofgreatimportance

because.

A.thetwonationsaredifferentintheirsystems

B.thetwonationsarebigones

C.theworldpeaceandthewelfareofthetwopeoplesmaybe

furtherguaranteed

D.thetwonationsbelongtodifferentworlds

3、

Accordingtoparagraph3,theauthortriestoemphasize.

A.thepromisingfutureofSino-Americanrelationship

B.thedifficultiesinvolvedinSino-Americanrelationship

C.thedifferencesbetweenthetwonations

D.theslimpossibilitiesinfurtherdevelopingtherelations

betweenthetwonations

4、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothe

passage?.

A.Thespeakerhasbeendeeplyimpressedbythegreatchange

inChina.

B.Thespeakerhaslittleconfidenceinthefutureof

Sino-Americanrelations.

C.Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedconcerning

Sino-Americanrelations.

D.Therearemoreandmorenon-governmentalcontactsbetween

thetwonations.

5、

Whichofthefollowingmaybestdescribethetoneofthespeech

bytheformerU.S.PresidentCarter?

A.Doubtfulanduncertain

B.Friendlyandhopeful

C.Seriousandcritical

D.Casualandfriendly

6、Thephysicistinvestigatingtherelationshipbetweentime

andspace,thechemistisexploringthepropertiesofanew

substance,thebiologistprobingthemysteriesofthe

continuityoflife,andtheanthropologistsearchingforhuman

originsshareacommontraitcuriosity.Notthatnonscientists

arenotcurious;mostpeoplepossessthischaracteristic.The

scientist,however,usesaspecificmethodtomakeresearches

intotheseenigmaticproblems一thescientificmethod.

Unfortunately,scienceanditsmethodaremisunderstood.The

multiplicationofourknowledgeinmedicineandtechnologyhas

ledtoideathatsciencecancureallandexplainallandthat

onlyenoughtime,moneyandintelligenceareneeded.Intruth,

sciencecan,tprovideallanswers.Infact,manyphenomenaare

notevensubjecttoscientificexplanations.

Ontheothersideofthecoin,sciencehasbeenattackedasa

causeofmostcontemporaryproblems.Itissaidtobe

responsibleforthedepersonalizationoftheindividual,for

strippingcreativityfromhumanbehavior,andforcreating

massivethreatstothespeciesthroughthedevelopmentof

nuclearpower,insecticideandpollutingmachinery.Ifwe

analyzethesituation,wecanseethatitwasnottheoriginal

intentofthepeoplewhodevelopedcomputerstodebase

humankind,norwasmassproductionproposedasamethodtocrush

creativity.Itiswhatsociety,policymakersespecially,does

withscientificandachievementsthatmakesthemsocialor

antisocial.Thereisnothinginherentlygoodorbadabout

science.

Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Scientistsandtheircuriosity

B.Understandingsofscience

C.Scienceandscientificmethod

D.Misunderstandingsofscience

7、

Thelastsentenceofparagraph2couldbeexplainedaswhich

ofthefollowing?.

A.Manyphenomenacanbesubjectsofscientificexplanations

B.Manyphenomenacanfindanswersinscientificexplanations

C.Scientificexplanationscan,tprovideanswerstomany

phenomena

D.Scientificexplanationsarenotrelatedtomanyphenomena

8、

Theexpression“todebasehumankind，inpara.3couldbe

explainedas.

A.toprovidebasetohumankind

B.toreducethevalueofhumankind

C.togetridofhumankind

D.tocompetewithhumankind

9、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingwill

beacceptedbytheauthor?

A.Scienceisthecauseofmodemproblems

B.Scienceitselfisneithergoodnorbad

C.Scienceleadstoenvironmentalpollution

D.Sciencecausesmanyantisocialacts

10、

Intheexpression"Ontheothersideofthecoin"inPara.3

“thecoin"isusedtoreferto.

A.themisunderstandingofscience

B.thescientificexplanation

C.themoneyneededinscientificresearch

D.thecuriosityofscientistsandnonscientists

11>Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheir

personalitiesandbehaviorsareformed,hisnoteasytoexplain

whyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyone

iscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthese

typesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain

characteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Thereareno

clearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthe

matterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproaches

areverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdeal

ofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversy

isoftenreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethat

ourpersonalitiesandbehavior.patternsarelargely

determinedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatour

environmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,

characteristics,andbehavior,iscentraltothistheory.Taken

toanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehavior,is

predeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletely

governedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture“theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,

behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportant

thanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwe

willact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeings

whosebehavior,isalmostcompletelyshapedbytheir

surroundings.Thebehaviorists，viewofthehumanbeingis

quitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humans

respondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Eitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhuman

behavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoour

behavior,liessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthe

controversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthe

“nature"theoryagreewith?

A.Aperson'sinstinctshavelittleeffectonhisaction

B.Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson,s

behavior,andpersonality

C.Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact

D.Thebehaviorists'viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact

12、

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldproponentsofthe

“nurturetheoryagreewith?.

A.Person,scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis

environment

B.Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect

C.Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact

D.Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior

13、

B.F.Skinner.

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.believesintheimportanceofgenesindetermining

personality

C.thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantrolein

determiningcharacter

D.believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

14、

Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthis

article.

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.supportsthenurturetheory

C.believesbotharecompletelywrong

D.thinksthatthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehavior,will

takeideasfromboththeories

15、

IntheUnitedStates,BlackpeopleoftenscorebelowWhite

peopleonintelligencetests,withthisinmind,whichoneof

thefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?.

A.NatureproponentswouldsaythatWhitesaregenetically

superiortoBlacks

B.SupportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatWhitesscore

wellbecausetheyhaveasuperiorenvironment

C.BehavioristswouldsaythatBlackoftenlackthe

educationalandenvironmentalnadvantagesthatWhitesenjoy

D.NurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatBlacksare

biologicallyinferiortowhites

16、Learningsciencehelpschildrentodevelopwaysof

understandingtheworldaroundthem.Forthistheyhavetobuild

upconceptswhichhelpthem1inktheirexperiencestogether;

theymustlearnwaysofgainingandorganizinginformationand

ofapplyingandtestingideas.Thiscontributesnotonlyto

children'sabilitytomakebettersenseofthingsaroundthem,

butpreparesthemtodealmoreeffectivelywithwider

decision-makingandproblem-solvingintheir1ives.Scienceis

asbasicapartofeducationasnumeracyandliteracy;itdaily

becomesmoreimportantasthecomplexityoftechnology

increasesandtoucheseverypartofourlives.

Learningsciencecanbringadoublebenefitbecausescienceis

bothamethodandasetofideas;bothaprocessandaproduct.

Theprocessofscienceprovideawayoffindingoutinformation,

testingideasandseekingexplanations.Theproductsofscience

areideaswhichcanbeappliedinhelpingtounderstandnew

experiences.

Theword"can"isusedadvisedlyhere;itindicatesthatthere

isthepotentialtobringthesebenefitsbutnoguaranteethat

theywillberealizedwithouttakingtheappropriatesteps.In

learningsciencethedevelopmentoftheprocesssideandthe

productsidemustgohandinhand;theyaretotally

interdependent.Thishasimportantimplicationsforthekinds

ofactivitieschildrenneedtoencounterintheireducation.

Butbeforepursuingtheseimplications,therearestilltwo

furtherimportantpointswhichunderlinethevalueofincluding

scienceinprimaryeducation.

Thefirstisthatwhetherweteachchildrenscienceornot,they

willbedevelopingideasabouttheworldaroundfromtheir

earliestyears.Iftheseideasarebasedoncasualobservation,

non-investigatedeventsandtheacceptanceofhearsay,then

theyarelikelytobenon-scientific,“everyday"ideas.There

areplentyofsuchideasaroundforchildrentopickup.My

motherbelieved(andperhapsstilldoesdespitemyefforts)

thatifthesunshinesthroughthewindowontothefireitputs

thefireout,thatcheesemaggots(acommonencounterinher

youthwhenfoodwassoldunwrapped)aremadeofcheeseand

developspontaneouslyfromit,thatplacingalidonapanof

boilingwatermakesitboilatalowertemperature,that

electricitytravelsmoreeasilyifthewiresarenottwisted.

Similarmythsstillaboundandnodoubtinfluencechildren，s

attemptstomakesenseoftheirexperience.Aswellashearsay,

lefttothemselves,childrenwillalsoform,someideaswhich

seemunscientific;forexample,thattomakesomethingmove

requiresaforcebuttostopitneedsnoforce.Alltheseideas

couldeasilybeputtothetest;children'sscienceeducation

shouldmakechildrenwanttodoit.Thentheynotonlyhavethe

chancetomodifytheirideas,buttheylearntobeskeptical

aboutso-called“truthsuntilthesehavebeenputtothetest.

Eventuallytheywillrealizethatallideasareworking

hypotheseswhichcanneverbeprovedright,butareusefulas

longastheyfittheevidenceofexperienceandexperiment.

Theimportanceofbeginningthislearningearlyinchildren，s

educationistwofold.Ontheonehandthechildrenbeginto

realizethatusefulideasmustfittheevidence;ontheother

handtheyarelesslikelytoform,andtoaccepteverydayideas

whichcanbeshowntobeindirectconf1ictwithevidenceand

scientificconcepts.Thereareresearchfindingstoshowthat

thelongerthenon-scientificideashavebeenheld,themore

difficulttheyaretochange.Manychildrencometosecondary

science,notmerelylackingthescientificideastheyneed,but

possessingalternativeideaswhichareabarrierto

understandingtheirsciencelessons.

Thesecondpointaboutstartingtolearnscience,andtolearn

scientifically,attheprimarylevelisconnectedwith

attitudestothesubject.Thereisevidencethatattitudesto

sciencese

A.theimportanceofscienceinhumandevelopment

B.theproperwaysofteachingchildrenscience

C.thenecessityforchildrentolearnscience

D.thecorrectattitudetoscienceasasubjectinprimary

education

17、

Allthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonswhy

childrenshouldlearnscienceEXCEPT.

A.makingbettersenseofthingsaroundthem

B.improvingtheirdecision-makingability

C.cultivatingtheirproblem-solvingability

D.developingtheirtotalpersonality

18、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Theappropriatestepstobetakeninteachingchildren

science

B.Theimportanceforchildrentolearnscience

C.Thenecessityofincludingscienceinprimaryeducation

D.Thebenefitslearningsciencecanbringabout

19、

Thewriter,smainpurposeofwritingparagraph4is.

A.toillustratehowchildrenmaybehavetounscientificideas

B.toexplainwhychildrensoeasilypickupunscientific

ideas

C.totellthereadershisownexperiencewhenhewasyoung

D.tosupporttheideathatscienceshouldbeincludedin

primaryeducation

20、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.manyprimaryschoolteachersdonotpayenoughattention

totheproperarrangementoftheirsubjects

B.childrenmayeasilybeaffectedbytheirparents，attitude

toscience

C.theearlylearningofsciencemayhaveapositiveeffect

onchildren'slaterdevelopment

D.everyoneshouldlearnsomethingaboutscience

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Whyisforeigntext"renderedmeaningless'whenpassed

throughanonlinetranslationtool?AccordingtoSabineReul,

whorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompany,translation

toolshavelimiteduses,andproblemsarisewhenwebusers

expecttoomuchfromthem."Atranslationtoolworksforsome

things,saysReul."SayaBritishcompanywantstoorderabox

ofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.AsentencelikeWeneedone

boxofacertaintypeofscrew'issomethingthatamachinecould

translatereasonablyaccurately一thoughprimitively.

B.Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext-wordsand

sentencesthatconveythoughtsandsentiments,onlinetoolsare

boundtofail,sheadds."Beyondsimplesentences,theonline

processsimplydoesn，tworkbecausemachinesdon，tunderstand

grammarandsemantics,nevermindidiomandstyle.〃Language

isnotasystemofsignsinthemechanicalsenseoftheword”,

saysReul."Itisa1ivingmediumthatisusedtoconveythought.

Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensable

aslongascomputerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslators

lookforwardtothedaywhenclevercomputersmighthelptoease

theirworkload——butthattimehasnotarrivedyet.

C.EarlierthismonththesmallGermantownof

Homberg-an-der-Efze,northofFrankfurt,hadtopulpanentire

printrunofitsEnglish-languagetourismbrochureafter

officialsusedanInternettranslatingtooltotranslatethe

Germantext.Accordingtoonereport,thebrochurewas

''renderedmeaningless"bytheonlinetool.MartinWagner,mayor

ofHomberg-an-der-Efze,admitsthatthetownmadea"blunder”.

Asaresultofofficialstryingtosavemoneybygettingthe

Internettodoatranslator'sjob,atotalof7500brochures

hadtobebinned.

D.Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.Andcertainly

thequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotof

linguisticresearchthatmayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.

Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhemostsubtle

computerprogramdoesn'tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothink

inordertotranslate.

E.Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthepitfallsoftranslating

online.Therearemanyinstanttranslationtoolsontheweb,

buttheyarebestusedforindividualwordsandshortphrases,

ratherthanforbrochures,booksoranythingcomplex.For

example,oneofthejoysofthewebisthatitgrantsyouaccess

toanarrayofforeignnewssources.Yetifyouweretousea

translationtooltotrytomakesenseofsuchreports,youcould

endupwitharatherskewedandsurrealviewoftheworld.

F.Untilthedawnofthinkingcomputers,onlinetranslation

toolsarebestreservedforwords,basicsentencesanduseful

holidayphrase.Fortourismbrochures,newspaperreportsand

therest,youwillhavetorelyonsomeold-fashioned“human

input”.

G.Relyingononlinetranslationtoolscanbeariskybusiness,

especiallyifyouexpecttoomuchofit.Forthetimebeing,

mighttranslationbesomethingbestlefttothehumans?

Order:Gisthe1stparagraph,andFisthelast.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Anawkward-1ookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmight

sniffatthesuggestion,butrecentscientificresearchshows

beauty,brainsandbrawnmayinfactallbeallied,writesDr.

RajPersaud.

(46)Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothe

stereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesreveal

aboutthei