Lesson1

ApumaatlargePumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.

Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered（adj.被困得走投無(wú)路的）.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.Severalpeoplecomplainedof'cat-likenoises'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.

美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動(dòng)物，產(chǎn)于美洲。當(dāng)倫敦動(dòng)物園接到報(bào)告說(shuō)，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時(shí)，這些報(bào)告并沒(méi)有受到重視。可是，隨著證據(jù)越來(lái)越多，動(dòng)物園的專家們感到有必要進(jìn)行一番調(diào)查，因?yàn)榉彩锹暦Q見(jiàn)到過(guò)美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似。搜尋美洲獅的工作是從一座小村莊開(kāi)始的。那里的一位婦女在采摘黑莓時(shí)的看見(jiàn)“一只大貓”，離她僅5碼遠(yuǎn)，她剛看見(jiàn)它，它就立刻逃走了。專家證實(shí)，美洲獅非被逼得走投無(wú)路，是決不會(huì)傷人的。事實(shí)上搜尋工作很困難，因?yàn)槌３Ｊ窃绯吭诩椎匕l(fā)現(xiàn)那只美洲獅，晚上卻在20英里外的乙地發(fā)現(xiàn)它的蹤跡。無(wú)論它走哪兒，一路上總會(huì)留下一串死鹿及死兔子之類的小動(dòng)物，在許多地方看見(jiàn)爪印，灌木叢中發(fā)現(xiàn)了粘在上面的美洲獅毛。有人抱怨說(shuō)夜里聽(tīng)見(jiàn)“像貓一樣的叫聲”；一位商人去釣魚，看見(jiàn)那只美洲獅在樹上。專家們?nèi)缃褚呀?jīng)完全肯定那只動(dòng)物就是美洲獅，但它是從哪兒來(lái)的呢？由于全國(guó)動(dòng)物園沒(méi)有一家報(bào)告丟了美洲獅，因此那只美洲獅一定是某位私人收藏豢養(yǎng)的，不知怎么設(shè)法逃出來(lái)了。搜尋工作進(jìn)行了好幾個(gè)星期，但始終未能逮住那只美洲獅。想到在寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村里有一頭危險(xiǎn)的野獸繼續(xù)逍遙流竄，真puman.美洲獅spotv.看出,發(fā)現(xiàn)

=see,pick

out,recognize,catchsight

of強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,辨別出,看見(jiàn),識(shí)別,發(fā)現(xiàn)--A

tall

man

is

easy

to

spot

in

the

crowd.--He

has

good

eye

for

spotting

mistakes.同意詞：--find：強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果/find

out：查出事實(shí)真相--discover：做出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)/notice：注意到--observe：觀察/watch：觀察活動(dòng)中的人或畫面Spotn.斑點(diǎn)--There

is

a

white

spot

on

the

shirt.on

the

spot有兩個(gè)含義：1>立刻,馬上（at

once,immediately）--Anyone

breaking

the

rules

will

be

asked

to

leave

on

the

spot.2>at

the

place

of

the

action在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)--Wherever

she

is

needed,she

is

quickly

on

the

spot.Evidencen.證據(jù)（不可數(shù)名詞）Evidentadj.明顯的,顯然的/evidentlyadv.明顯地,顯然Evidence=proof(n.證據(jù))--When

the

police

arrived,he

had

already

destroyed

the

evidence.in

evidence顯而易見(jiàn)的--He

was

in

evidence

at

the

party.Accumulatev.積累,積聚（強(qiáng)調(diào)積累的過(guò)程）--As

the

evidence

accumulates,experts

from

the

zoo

felt

obliged

to

investigate.Gathervt.聚集,把某人召集在某處--TheteachergatheredhisstudentsintheclassCollectvt.搜集,采集--Doyoucollectstamps?Yes,Icollectstampsasmyhobby.（n.業(yè)余愛(ài)好）Assemblev.集合,集會(huì)/裝配--Alargenumberofpeopleassembleonthesquare.Hoardvt.大量的儲(chǔ)存（--hoard

up=store

up儲(chǔ)藏）--The

squirrel

hoards

up

nuts

for

the

cold

winter（squirreln.松鼠）（nutn.堅(jiān)果）amassvt.積聚（主要用于詩(shī)歌和文學(xué)作品）--ThecloudsamassedabovethehillsObligev.使…感到必須feel

obliged

to

do

sth感覺(jué)有必要做某事--Ifeelobligedtosaynotohisdemand（n.要求,需要）be

obliged

to

do

sth被迫做某事--Theywereobligedtoselltheircartopaytheirdebtsoff.（debtn.債務(wù)）huntv.n.追獵,尋找（hunt

for）--TheexpertsfromLondonzoobegantohunt(v.)forapuma.--Thehunt(n.)forthepumaprovedthedifficult.（provevt.證明,證實(shí)）search搜尋某處為了尋找到某人或某物--Thepoliceweresearchingtheforestforthemissingboy.run

after強(qiáng)調(diào)追趕,追求--look,adogisrunningafteracat--whatareyourunafterinyourlifeseek=pursue

v.追尋(理想)chasev.追趕（--Theyarechasingathief/Theyarerunningafterathief）blackberryn.黑莓/berryn.漿果human

being人類cornerv.使走投無(wú)路,使陷入困境作為動(dòng)詞,經(jīng)常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)--The

thief

was

cornered

at

last--The

problem

cornered

me.cornern.角落--at

the

corner

of

the

street--in

the

corner

of

the

room--on

the

corner

of

the

deskTrailn.一串,一系列trailvt.跟蹤,追蹤（=follow）--The

police

trailed

the

criminal

to

the

place

where

he

was

hiding（criminaln.罪犯）Printn.印痕Clingv.粘（clung,clung,clinging）--She

is

always

clinging

to

her

mother.--He

clung

to

the

hope

that

he

would

succeed.他懷有成功的希望stick

v.粘住（--sticktheenvelop）n.信封stick

to

堅(jiān)持（--sticktotheplan/sticktoone’spromise）n.許諾sticky

adj.粘的（--stickyfingers）convincev.使…信服1>convince

sbof

sth--Iconvincehimofmyhonesty.（n.誠(chéng)實(shí),正直）我使他相信我的誠(chéng)實(shí)。2>be

convincedthat…--Iamconvincedthatsheishonestgirl.（adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的,正直的）somehowadv.不知怎么搞地,不知什么原因=by

some

means,in

some

way,for

some

reason

unknown--I’llgetthebookbacksomehow.無(wú)論如何我要把這本書取回來(lái)。--Igotlostsomehow不知怎么搞地,我迷失了。Somewhatadv.稍微,有點(diǎn),有些（=a

little）--ThepriceissomewhathigherthanIexpect.（highadj.高的）disturbv.令人不安disturbingadj.令人不安的/disturbedadj.感到不安的surprisingadj.令人驚訝的/surprisedadj.感到驚訝的excitingadj.令人激動(dòng)的/excitedadj.感到激動(dòng)的wildadj.野性的,野生的investigatev.調(diào)查,研究descriptionn.描寫,描述extraordinarilyadv.特別地，非常地，格外similaradj.相似的,類似的attackvt.攻擊difficultadj.困難的,艱難的difficultyn.困難,難點(diǎn)rabbitn.兔,野兔pawn.手掌,手爪furn.毛皮,毛,軟毛bushn.矮樹叢fullyadv.充分地,完全地collectorn.收藏家,征收者Text課文at

large逃遁的,沒(méi)有被控制的--Thethiefisstillatlargeatlarge詳細(xì)地（=in

detail）n.細(xì)節(jié),詳情--Ineedtalktoyouatlargeatlarge總體來(lái)講（=as

a

whole）--ThestudentsatlargearehungryforEnglish.（hungryadj.饑餓的,渴望的）Where

must

the

puma

have

come

from?Pumas

are

large,

cat-like

animals

which

are

found

in

America.在英文的表達(dá)方式中，首先呈現(xiàn)給讀者的是結(jié)果（和中文不同）英文擅長(zhǎng)用長(zhǎng)句，中文擅長(zhǎng)用短句。--Pandas

are

large

cat-like

animals

which

are

found

in

Asia.（pandan.熊貓）cat-like貓一樣的,偷偷摸摸的/dog-like狗一樣的/life-like栩栩如生的When

reports

came

into

London

Zoo

that

a

wild

puma

had

been

spotted

forty-five

miles

south

of

London,

they

were

not

taken

seriously.一般來(lái)講定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句緊隨在被修飾名詞的后面，但為了保持句子平衡，也可以把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放到從句之前1>定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)于被修飾詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明、修飾--定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：--指人：主語(yǔ)who；賓語(yǔ)who,whom；定語(yǔ)

whose--指物：that（也可以指人）/which--時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：when/地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：where/原因狀語(yǔ)：why2>同位語(yǔ)從句則是講述被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容--同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：--名詞(做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等)：關(guān)系詞用that而不是which--時(shí)間：when；

地點(diǎn)：where--定語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有what這個(gè)關(guān)系詞，但what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句--An

idea

came

to

her

that

she

might

do

the

experiment

in

another

way.--I

have

no

idea

what

has

happened

to

him。they

were

not

taken

seriously（they指代reports）take

sthseriously=deal

with

sthseriously認(rèn)真地對(duì)待某事--Ialwaystakeyoursuggestionsseriously.take

sthlightly草率地對(duì)待某事（lightlyadv.輕率地）--Don’ttakethehotpotatolightly（hotpotaton.棘手的問(wèn)題）claim

to

have

done

sth聲稱曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事--Heclaimedtohavebeenthemanagerofthelargeshop.It

immediately

ran

away

when

she

saw

it,

and

experts

confirmed

that

a

puma

will

not

attack

a

human

being

unless

it

is

cornered.Confirm=be

sure=be

certain(confirmvt.確定)Unlessitiscornered=ifitisnotcornered(unlessconj.如果不,除非)--Hewillacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.Wherever

it

went,

it

left

behind

it

a

trail

of

dead

deer

and

small

animals

like

rabbits.把某物留在后面：leave

behind--Whereverhewent,thewoundleftbehindhimatrailofblood.（n.血）Paw

prints

were

seen

in

a

number

of

places

and

puma

fur

was

found

clinging

to

bushes.英文表達(dá)方式習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),突出客觀事實(shí)。而中文則善于運(yùn)用動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Several

people

complained

of

"cat-like

noises'

at

night

and

a

businessman

on

a

fishing

tripsaw

the

puma

up

a

plain

of/about

sth抱怨某事on+名詞：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行--on

the

rise在上升/on

t