目錄

2015年江蘇大學外國語學院243英語（二外）考研真題及詳解

2016年江蘇大學外國語學院243英語（二外）考研真題及詳解

2017年江蘇大學外國語學院243英語（二外）考研真題及詳解

2018年江蘇大學外國語學院243英語（二外）考研真題及詳解

2015年江蘇大學外國語學院243英

語（二外）考研真題及詳解

PartⅠWriting(40minutes)(15%)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed40minutestowriteashortessayon

thefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast180words.

Childrenwhogrowupinfamilieswhichareshortofmoneyarebetter

preparedtodealwiththeproblemsofadultlifethanchildrenwhoarebrought

upbywealthyparents.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?(Writeyour

compositionontheanswersheet)

【參考范文】

Somefeelthatthechildrenoflowincomefamiliesarebetterequippedtodeal

withdifficultiesposedbythe“realworld”whentheygrowupandtheyalso

believetheprivilegedchildrenofwealthyfamiliesarelessfittodealwith

thesedifficulties.Theimplicationsandveracityofthisargumentseemself-

evident,butinfactrequirecloserexamination.

Thepopularwisdomisthatchildrenofpoorerfamilieslearnearlyonthe

valueofeverypenny,andarethusnaturallybettersuitedtostretchingmoney

whentimesgettoughinadulthood.Inversely,thechildrenofwealthy

families,thosebornwithasilverspoonintheirmouths,arebelievedtobe

completelyignorantofthevalueofmoney,havinghadeverythingprovided

forthemintheiryouthandoftentimeserroneouslyexpectingthesame

situationinadulthood.Theyarebelievedtobepronetooverspendingand

financialirresponsibility.Thisbelief,thoughlogical,overlooksonekeypoint

whichis,ofcourse,education.Bothwealthyandpoorchildrenareequally

likelytoacquireaneducationinmoney,whetheritisformal,orintheschool

ofhardknocks.Conversely,bothchildrenareaslikelytoignorethis

education.

Apoorchildmaybelievethatonecangetalong,ifnotaseasily,without

wealth.Awealthychildmaybewelltrainedbyaparentsteepedinthe

knowledgeofmoneymanagement;thekeytodevelopingthisskillis

education.

【解析】

分析題目要求，即對“窮人孩子早當家”的觀點發表自己的看法。本文開

篇首先點明這一觀點引出話題，并對此提出自己的看法，“這一觀點無

可厚非。但有待深入探討”。在接下來的一段中，作者對自己的這一論

點展開詳細敘述，一方面肯定該觀點的合理性，一方面提出其不完善之

處。最后對上文所述做出總結，無論貧窮富有，理財能力的關鍵是教

育，從而深化主題。

PartⅡReadingComprehension(65minutes)(60%)

SectionA(10%)

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,the

informationage,theKnowledgeSociety.Italltranslatestoafundamental(1)

______inthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.

Thepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallen

(2)______inthewesternworld.Todaythe(3)______ofjobsinAmerica,

EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areinthe

serviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.More(4)______areinthe

workforcethaneverbefore.There’remorepart-timejobsandthebreadthof

theeconomic(5)______isnolongerbeingmeasuredbynumbersalone.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.No

onelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhicha

(6)______inventionofthechip,wouldtransformourworld(7)______toits

applicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactory

robots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnologyartificialintelligenceor

evensomestill(8)______technologycouldproduceasimilarwaveof

dramaticchange,butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewill

becomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewho(9)______it,whetherthey

workinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethe

wealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementasthe

abilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplying

informationinsteadof(10)______routinetaskswillbevaluedaboveall

else.

A.unimagined

B.predictable

C.majority

D.opportunities

E.women

F.thanks

G.recall

H.single

I.change

J.automatically

K.dramatically

L.performing

M.possess

N.general

O.utilizing

【答案與解析】

1.I句意為“這一切都意味著我們工作方式的根本改變。”故應填

change（變化，改變）。

2.K分析句子成分，基本成分主謂賓已有，故缺定狀補，又跟在動詞

fall后面，則該處應填副詞。automatically自動地；機械地；無意識地。

dramatically戲劇地；顯著地，劇烈地。只有dramatically與句意相符，故

選K。

3.Cthemajorityof表示“……的大多數”，為固定用法。

4.E顯然此處缺少主語，且為名詞，選項中只有women最為合適，意

為“職場中女性較以往越來越多”。

5.D分析句子成分可知，在此應填入名詞，與economic構成名詞短語，

因此填入opportunities。

6.H句意為“即使向后預測20年，可能也沒人可以預見到單一的一個發

明——芯片”。single在此表示“僅一個的，單一的”。

7.F由transform...to（使……轉化為……）可知此處為名詞，選項中

thanks較為符合題意，表示“……因為它在個人電腦、數字通信和生產機

器上的應用而改變我們的世界”

8.Aunimagined指“（好、大得）無法想象的，想象不到的”，在該句中

用來表達未來技術的發展不可預料，與后面的butonethingiscertain對

應。

9.M該空后面的it指代informationandknowledge，則由題意此處possess

最為合適，表示“擁有，具有（某品質或能力）”。

10.Linsteadof后面應該跟動詞的-ing形式，選項中只有performing和

utilizing符合語法，而根據后面routinetasks可得出performing更符合題

意，表示“執行日常任務，履行日常工作”。

SectionB(10%)

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneof

theparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwith

aletter.

AnimalsontheMove

A)Itlookedlikeascenefrom“Jaws”butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahuge

sharkwasslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackand

forthlikethependulumofaclock.Suddenlysensitivenerveendinginthe

shark’sskinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwas

immediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.With

musclestaut,thesharkknifedthroughthewateratarapidspeed.Inaflash

thesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingits

headbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimand

swallowedthem.Soontheactionwasover.

MovingtoSurvive

B)Inpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaythe

importantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,inanimals.Liketheshark,most

animalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescape

enemies,findamate,andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotion

includecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,orwalking.Humans

havetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutin

justaboutanykindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarines

transporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.However,for

otheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsof

evolution.Oneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthat

oftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitspreyhasalwaysimpressed

scientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologists

S.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharks

didit.Intheirstudythescientistsobservedsharksswimminginatankat

MarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks’

movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle.

SkinIstheKey

C)Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytothe

animal’shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater.Theskincontains

manyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersare

calledcollagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamounts

ofenergydependingonwhetherthefibersarerelaxedortaut.Whenthe

fibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthe

stringofabowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibers

becomerelaxed.

D)TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretching

occurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming.Duringthebody’s

backandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbody

stretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyis

releasedwhentheshark’sbodysnapsbacktheotherway.Asenergyis

alternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal’sbody,thetail

whipsstronglybackandforth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimal

throughthewaterlikealivingbullet.

SourceofEnergy

E)Whatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergy?Infindingtheanswerthe

DukeUniversityscientistslearnedthattheshark’ssimilaritytoabeltedradial

tiredoesn’tstopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,

too,istheareajustundertheshark’scollagen“radials”.Insteadofair

pressure,however,thepressureinthesharkmaybeduetotheforceofthe

bloodpressingonthecollagenfibers.

F)Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.

Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthesharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharp

angles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjust

swimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,some

fantasticinvoluntarychangestakeplace.Thepressureinsidetheanimalmay

increaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,

enablingmuchenergytobestored.Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,

andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable.

DolphinHasSpeedRecord

G)Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhas

beenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers(20miles)anhour.Biologists

studyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimal’s

efficientlocomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin’sskinismadeupin

suchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistancetothewaterflowingoverit.

Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,the

waterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminar

flow.However,atfasterspeedsthewaterbecomesmoreturbulentalongthe

movingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown.

H)Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewaviness

ofthewater.Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin’sfolds.This

allowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyinalaminarflow.Where

otheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,the

dolphincanracethroughthewateratrecordbreakingspeeds.

OtherAnimalsLessEfficient

I)Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthe

greatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyistheslug.Theslug,whichlookslike

asnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusesso

muchenergyproducingtheslimymucusandcrawlingoveritthatamouse

travelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy.Scientists

saythatbecauseoftheslug’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustbe

restricted.Thatis,theanimalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareas

forobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.Havehumansever

beenfacedwiththiskindofproblem?

11.Thedolphin’sskinofferslessresistancetothewaterthanthefish.

12.Automobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareexamplesofhumaninventions

thatenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment.

13.Theskinisthekeytotheshark’sswiftlocomotioninwater.

14.Consumingtheequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravel

12timesasfastasaslug.

15.Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressure,theareajustundertheshark’s

collagenfibersissimilartoabeltedradialtire.

16.Alaminarflowisformedwhenafishswimsslowlythroughthewater.

17.Whenbendingitsbodyinswimming,thesharkstretchesitscollagen

fiberstothegreatestextent.

18.Infindingitsfood,thesharktriestofeelthevibrationsofastruggling

prey.

19.Accordingtothepassage,collagenfiberscanbecomparedtothestringof

abowforbothofthemstoreenergywhenstretched.

20.Whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantastic

involuntarychangestakeplaceinitsbody.

【答案與解析】

11.B可以將答案定位在小標題MovingtoSurvive下第二段的前兩句

話，“Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouse

locomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenowterritories.”

12.B汽車、火箭和潛艇的例子是為了說明可以使人類到達任何環境，

其中的examplesofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarines是關鍵詞，可將答

案定位在文章小標題MovingtoSurvive下的Automobiles,rockets,and

submarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.

13.C“鯊魚在水中快速游動的關鍵是在皮膚”，其中key是關鍵詞，可將

答案定位在小標題SkinIstheKey下首段的第一句話，“Thebiologists

discoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimalshighefficiency

inswimmingthroughthewater”與本題句子完全一致，所以可直接選C。

14.D題干中的collagenfiberstothegreatestextent是關鍵詞，可將答案

定位在小標題SkinIstheKey下第二段的第一句話，“TheDukeUniversity

biologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswheretheshark

bendsitsbodywhileswimming.”這與本題句子的內容完全一致。

15.E題干中abeltedradialtire是關鍵詞，可將答案鎖定在文章小標題

SourceofEnergy下第一段的第三句話，“Justasaradialtireisinflatedby

pressure,so,too,istheareajustunderthesharks’collagenradials”其中的

justas和so說明了兩者的相似之處在于inflatedbypressure，所以答案應

該是E。

16.G題干關鍵詞是alaminarflow，所以可將答案鎖定在文章小標題

DolphinHasSpeedRecord下。根據該節第一段的倒數第三、四句

話，“Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,

thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownas

laminarflow.”題干是對這兩句話的改寫，所以正確答案是G。

17.I題干中aslug和amouse均為關鍵詞，可直接定位在OtherAnimals

LessEfficient標題下第一段的第二句話，“Itusessomuchenergy...a

mousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy”題

干是對該句的同義改寫，故選I。

18.A題干中的shark,prey,struggling均為關鍵詞，可直接定位在A

段“Suddenlysensitivenerveendinginthesharksskinpickedupvibrations

ofastrugglingfish.”

19.C題干內容出現在SkinIstheKey中，C段第二、三句話“Thefibers

arecalledcollagenfibers.”故選C。

20.F根據該句含義，在SourceofEnergy中，可以定位到第二段倒數第

一句。故F為該題對應選段。

SectionC(40%)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD..Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironment

inhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfrom

illness.

AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesand

intopublicplaces,someofthecountry’smosttalentedartistshavebeen

calledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodern

buildings.Ofthe2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritain,almost

100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridors,

waitingareasandtreatmentrooms.

Theserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartist,PeterSenior,whoset

uphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringthe

early1970s.Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsociety,andthatart

shouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.

Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas500visitorseach

week.Whatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?Seniorheldthe

firstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patientswaitingareaofthe

ManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain’sfirsthospital

artist,Seniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamof

sixyoungartschoolgraduates.

Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitor

experiencesafullviewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.

Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugs

whenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatients

whohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillers

comparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,“tosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings”

means_____.

A.topulldownhospitalbuildings

B.todecoratehospitalswithartisticworks

C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitals

D.tomakethecornersofhospitalbuildingsround

22.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?

A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.

B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.

C.Heisanartistwhohasalargecollectionofpaintings.

D.Heisafaithfulfollowerofhospitalart.

23.AccordingtoPeterSenior,_____.

A.artislosingitsaudienceinmodernsociety

B.hospitalsshouldbechangedintoartgalleries

C.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpainting

D.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospital

24.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment,_____.

A.patientsnolongerneeddrugsintheirrecovery

B.patientsarenolongerwhollydependentonexpensivedrugs

C.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecovery

D.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecovery

25.ThefactthatsixyoungartschoolgraduatesjoinedPetershowsthat

_____.

A.Peter’senterpriseisdevelopinggreatly

B.PeterSeniorcanpaintbetterartisticworks

C.hospitalscanbringouttalentedartists

D.theroleofartinhelpingpatientrecoveryfromillnessisbeingrecognized

【答案與解析】

21.B題干出現在文章第二段，聯系上下文“someofthecountry’smost

talentedartistshavebeencalledintotransformolderhospitals”以及“…

hospitalsalmost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryart

...”可知B符合題意。

22.APeterSenior不是“對繪畫感興趣的醫生”，選項B錯誤；也不能說他

是“醫院藝術的追隨者”（選項D也排除）；文章也沒有提到“他有大量的

繪畫作品”，C項也不能選；只有A所說的“他是將藝術引進到醫院的先

驅者”最符合文章大意。

23.A根據文章第三段最后一句“Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplacein

modernsociety,andthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.”可判斷

選項A為正確答案。

24.B從文章最后兩段可知，醫院環境的改善對病人的康復是有益處

的，病人的康復不僅僅依賴藥物的作用。因此選項B是正確的。

25.D六位藝術學校的畢業生加盟PeterSenior的事業說明了人們開始意

識到改善醫院環境的重要性，即選項D說法正確。

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Insuranceisthesharingofrisks.Nearlyeveryoneisexposedtoriskofsome

sort.Thehouse-owner,forexample,knowsthathispropertycanbedamaged

byfire;theship-ownerknowsthathisvesselmaybelostatsea;the

breadwinnerknowsthathemaydieatanearlyageandleavehisfamilythe

poorer.Ontheotherhand,noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfire,norevery

vessellostatsea.Ifthesepersonseachputasmallsumintoapool,therewill

beenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferloss.Inotherwords,

thelossesofthefewaremetfromthecontributionsofthemany.Thisisthe

basisofinsurance.Thosewhopaythecontributionareknownas“insured”

andthosewhoadministerthepoolofcontributionsas“insurers”.

Notallriskslendthemselvestobeingcoveredbyinsurance.Broadly

speaking,theordinaryrisksofbusinessandspeculationcannotbecovered.

Theriskthatbuyerswillnotbuygoodsatthepricesofferedisnotofakind

thatcanbestatisticallyestimated—andriskscanonlybeinsuredagainstif

theycanbesoestimated.

Thelegalbasisofailinsuranceisthe“policy”.Thisistheprintedformof

contractonpaperofthebestquality.Itstatesthatinreturnfortheregular

paymentbytheinsuredofanamedsumofmoney,calledthe“premium”(保

險費),whichisusuallypaideveryyear,theinsurerwillpayasumofmoney

orcompensationforloss,iftheriskoreventinsuredagainstactuallyhappens.

Thewordingofpolicies,particularlyinmarineinsurance,oftenseemsvery

old-fashioned,butthereisasoundreasonforthis.Overalargenumberof

yearsmanylawcaseshavebeenbroughttoclearupthemeaningofdoubtful

phrasesinpolicies.Thelawcourts,intheirJudgments,havegiventhese

phrasesadefiniteandindisputablemeaning,andtoavoidfuturedisputesthe

phraseshavecontinuedtobeusedinpoliciesevenwhentheyhavepassedout

ofnormaluseinspeech.

26.Accordingtothispassage,insuranceispossiblebecause_____.

A.everyoneatsometimesuffersloss

B.onlyasmallproportionoftheinsuredsufferloss

C.nearlyeveryonesuffersloss

D.onlyinsuredpeoplesufferloss

27.By“thepoolofcontributions”thewritermeans_____.

A.moneypaidbytheinsured

B.moneypaidbytheinsurers

C.thecostofadministeringinsurance

D.theamountofadministeringinsurance

28.Theinsuranceofordinarybusinessrisksisnotpossiblebecause_____.

A.businesswillnotbuyinsurance

B.therisksaretoohigh

C.theriskscannotbeestimated

D.thepremiumswouldbetoohigh

29.Old-fashionedwordingissometimesusedininsurancepoliciesbecause

_____.

A.insuranceisold-fashioned

B.insurancehasexistedforalongtime

C.itenablesordinarypeopletounderstandit

D.themeaningofsuchwordinghasbeenagreedupon

30.Thewriterofthispassageseemstothinkthatinsuranceis_____.

A.aformofgambling

B.awayofmakingmoneyquickly

C.old-fashioned

D.usefulandnecessary

【答案與解析】

26.B根據第一段，講到每個人都有遭受損失的可能，但這種損失并不

會降臨到每一個人的頭上，只有小部分人遭受損失。所以保險是可能

的，故B正確。

27.A“集體儲備金”是指投保人所交付的錢，這里要弄清theinsured和

theinsurers。theinsured指投保人，theinsurer指保險人。

28.C細節題。從第二段可知，并不是所有的風險都能得到擔保，從廣

義上講，不包括做生意和投機買賣。只有能夠被合理估價的才能得到擔

保。

29.D最后一段提到保單的措辭保留老式風格，是有充分理由的。多少

年來，法庭在判決時用這些詞語，其含義既明確又無可爭議。為了避免

日后的爭議，即使在說話中這些詞語不經常使用，但在保單上它們仍被

沿用至今。故選D。

30.D根據文章最后一段中的“butthereisasoundreasonforthis”以

及“Thelawcourtshavegiventhesephrasesadefiniteandindisputable

meaning,andtoavoidfuturedisputesthephraseshavecontinuedtobeused

inpolicies...”可推斷insurance盡管已不常用，但其含義明確，尤其在在

法律中可以避免有所爭議，所以是有用的也是必需的，故D項符合題

意。

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteand

foodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiological

needforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthe

foodinfrontofus.

Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilar

distraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.

Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshownto

affectportionsizeandconsumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayarolein

appetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredicted

notbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseenin

frontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdisparity(差異)suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhavea

biggerInfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffrey

M.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityof

Bristol.

“Hungerisn’tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.

Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal”Brunstrom

says.“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeis

morecomplexthanwethought.”

Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcan

sometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,for

instance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-calorie(卡路里)milkshakeontwo

separateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷

爾蒙)dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140

calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhenthey

thoughtthey’dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.

Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspractical

totrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefits

offocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.

Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpus

controlourappetite,Brunstromsays.

31.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?

A.Howweperceivethefoodweeat.

B.Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.

C.Whenweeatourmeals.

D.Howfastweeatourmeals.

32.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthe

previousmeal?

A.Youwouldprobablybepickieraboutfood.

B.Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.

C.Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.

D.Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.

33.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?

A.Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.

B.Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.

C.Hungerlevelsdependonone’sconsumptionofcalories.

D.Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.

34.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?

A.Trickourselvesintoeatingless.

B.Choosefoodwithfewercalories.

C.Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.

D.Pickdishesoftherightsize.

35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.

B.Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.

C.Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.

D.Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.

【答案與解析】

31.A由題干中的appetite和foodintake定位到首段第一句。文章開篇指

出人們的食欲和食物攝取受到諸多因素的影響，包括人們的飲食環境和

對面前食物的認知，故答案為A。

32.D文章第三段第二句指出，飯后幾小時，決定人們饑餓程度的不是

他們已食用的食物量，而是他們吃飯時面前所見到的食物量。也就是

說，影響人們饑餓程度的是他們記憶中的食物量而不是胃里的食物量。

由此可推斷，記憶對飲食造成影響，如果記憶中上頓飯吃了很多，那么

不管是不是真的吃了很多，都不會感覺太餓。故答案為D。

33.B第六段第二句詳細描述了2011年的一項研究。在研究中，參與者

在兩個不同場合食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔標簽上分別標注了

620卡路里和140卡路里，結果顯示，根據標注的卡路里含量，參與者分

泌了不同水平的與饑餓相關的荷爾蒙，且當食用了標注620卡路里的奶

昔時，他們感覺更飽。實際上兩份奶昔的卡路里含量是相同的，由于標

簽標注的不同，讓人產生自我暗示，使人體對食物產生了不同的反應。

故答案為B。

34.C文章最后一句指出，所謂的“用心飲食”策略能夠對抗干擾，幫助

人們控制食欲，即Brunstrom建議我們通過該策略控制飲食。“用心飲

食”和前文中提到的“專注于食物”相照應，故答案為C。

35.B主旨大意題。全文可分為三個部分：第一部分提出論點，人們的

食欲和食物攝取受到包括環境和對食物的認知等諸多因素的影響；第二

部分引用相關科學研究論證這些影響因素，特別指出飲食環境對食物的

記憶，食物包裝上的標簽對人產生的心理暗示作用影響飲食；最后一部

分提出通過專注飲食來控制食欲的建議，對食物及飲食環境的認知，對

食物的記憶，食物標簽產生的心理暗示等都屬于心理因素。統觀全文，

作者一直圍繞“心理因素對食欲的影響”展開論述，故答案為B。

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspenton

education,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthe

population.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividuals

fortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.

Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthan

theymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowing

skillsgapinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollege

whethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofp