考研外語命題預測試卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、Allovertheearth'ssurfaceisalayerofairwhich

extendsupwardsformanymiles.Thisair(1)theoxygen

withoutwhichneitherplantsnoranimals(2)live.Its

movements,temperatureandpressure(3)theweather,and

itisavehicle(4)thecloudsofwatervapor(5)

condenseandfallasrain.Itformsablanketwhich(6)____

usfromtheextremeheatofthesunduringthedayand(7)____

theextremecoldwhenthesunhas(8)

Itischiefly(9)airthatsoundtravels,sothatifthere

werenoairweshould(10)practicallynothing.The

atmosphereisheld(11)theearth'ssurfacebythe

gravitationalpulloftheearth一thatis,ithasweight.High

upitisthin(12)nearthesurfaceitiscompressedby

the(13)ofairabove,andismoredense.Theweightof

airpressing(14)eachsquareinchofsurfaceatsea-level

isnearly(15)pounds,whichmeansthatthetotalforce

(16)theskinofanaveragemanisabout30,000pounds.

Heisnot,(17)thisbecausethepressureisequalinall

directionsandthepressureinsidehimisequal(18)-that

without,butshouldhegoupinaballoontoaheightatwhich

theoutside-pressureis(19)hewouldsufferacutely.It

is(20)thisreasonthatthecabinsofaeroplanesare

'pressurized,.

A.forms

B.contains

C.consists

D.fills

2、(2)

A.would

B.should

C.could

D.needed

3、⑶

A.determine

B.choose

C.make

D.create

4、(4)

A.into

B.near

C.for

D.above

5、⑸

A.what

B.and

C.but

D.which

6、(6)

A.protects

B.proves

C.controls

D.helps

7、(7)

A.about

B.out

C.off

D.from

8、(8)

A.sit

B.set

C.sat

D.settled

3

9、(9)

A.into

B.up

C.through

D.along

10、(10)

A.know

B.hear

C.get

D.observe

11、(11)

A.to

B.before

C.near

D.across

12、(12)

A.for

B.since

C.because

D.but

13、(13)

A.pressure

4

B.space

C.weight

D.movement

14、(14)

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.around

15、(15)

A.kilometres

B.ponds

C.miles

D.pounds

16、(16)

A.inside

B.into

C.of

D.on

17、(17)

A.awareof

B.sureof

C.afraidof

目5

D.delightedabout

18、(18)

A.at

B.to

C.against

D.after

19、(19)

A.moreorless

B.muchlittle

C.muchless

D.morethan

20、(20)

A.for

B.to

C.from

D.by

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopleto

become''computerliterate”,inotherwords,tolearnto

understandcomputersandwhatmakethemtick.Butnotall

expertsagree,however,thatthisisagoodidea.

Onepioneer,inparticular,whodisagreesisDavidTebbutt,the

founderofComputer-townUK.Althoughmanypeopleseeitthat

way.HesaysthatComputer-townUKwasformedforcomputer,but

Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputer-townUK

wasformedforjusttheoppositereasontobringcomputerto

thepeopleandmakethem“People-literate”.

DavidfirstgottheideawhenhevisitedoneofAmerica's

best-knowncomputer"guru"figuresBobAlbrecht,whohad

startedaprojectcalledComputer-townUSAinthelocallibrary.

Overhere,inBritain,Computer-townshavetakenoffinabig

way,andtherearenowabout40scattered,overthecountry.

DavidTebbuttthinkstheyaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoa

computerclub.Heinsiststhereisavastandimportant

differencebetweenthetwo,althoughtheycomplementeachother.

Theclubscaterfortheenthusiasts,withsomecomputer

knowledgealready,whogettogetherandeventuallyform,an

expertcomputergroup.Thisfrightensawaynon-experts,known

as“grockles”（游客）whoarehappiergoingtoComputer-towns

wheretherearecomputersavailableforthemtoexperimenton,

withexpertsavailabletoencouragethemandanswerany

question;theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfindout.

DavidTebbuttfindsitinterestingtoseethetwodifferent

approachesworkingsidebyside.Thecomputerexpertshaveto

learnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeable

toexplaintheanswerstothequestionsthatpeoplereallywant

toknow.Peoplearenothavingtolearncomputerjargon(行話)，

buttheexpertsarehavingtotranslatecomputermysteriesinto

easilyunderstoodterms;thecomputersarebecoming

“people—literate”.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOT

wrong?

A.Thecomputerexpertsshouldtellpeopleeverythingabout

computers

B.Davidinsistedthatthecomputerclubsshouldopentoall

thepeople,includingthosenon—experts

C.Thefoundationofcomputertownisasuccessfulattemptto

bringpeopleclosertothecomputer

D.Itisunnecessarilyforallthepeopletobecome

“computer-literate”

2、

DavidTebbuttisa(n)computerexpert.

A.English

B.American

C.Japanese

D.German

3、

Accordingtotheauthor,theconceptof"people-1iterate”in

para.2means

A.tomakethecomputerlearntounderstandpeople

B.tobringcomputersclosertothepeople

C.thatallthepeopleshouldunderstandcomputers

D.thatallthepeopleshouldlearntousecomputers

4、

Aboutthecomputertownsandthecomputerclubs,DavidTebbutt

thinksthat

A.itisjusttotaketroubletoseethetwoworkingsideby

side

B.thecomputertownsaremoreimportantthanthecomputer

clubs

C.theycancomplementeachotherbutthereisgreat

differencebetween

D.thecomputerclubsareasimportantasthecomputertowns

5、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdescription

aboutthecomputerclubsisNOTTRUE?

A.Thecomputerclubsareopentothepeoplewithsomecomputer

knowledgealready

B.Thecomputerexpertsintheclubshavetoexplain

everythingineasilyunderstood

C.Theexpertcomputergroupiseasilyformedintheclubs

D.Thegrockleswouldrathergotocomputertownsthangoto

clubs

6、Therewasgreatpublicinterestwhenabighole

mysteriouslyappearedinthemiddleofafield.Armymechanics

andengineerswerecalledintoexplainhowithadgotthere.

Theyreferredvariousexplanationsbutwerenotatallsurehow

theholehadbeencaused.Itwasthoughtthatalargeshellwhich

musthavelainburiedunderthegroundformanyyearshad

suddenlyexploded,butitwasnotpossibletoprovethis.

A"simple”,buthighlyimprobable,explanationwasofferedby

amanwhoclaimstobeespeciallywell-informedabout"flying

saucers一thestrangeobjectswhichareroundinshapeandare

saidtovisittheearthoccasionallyfromouterspace.Theman's

explanationmayhavebeennonsense,butatleastitwas

imaginative.Atanyrate,itwasfarmoreinterestingthanthe

onegivenbythearmy.

Afterexamingthegroundcarefully,themanclaimedtohave

seenspecialmarksonthesoilquitenearthehole.These,he

said,couldonlyhavebeencausedbyaflyingsaucer.Moreover,

theleavesonsomebushesnearbyhadturnedyellowbecauseof

astrangehotgaswhichhadcomefromthesaucerjustbefore

itlanded.Evenasmalltreesomewayoffappearedtohavebeen

burntslightly.Asmallpieceofmetalfoundintheholeitself

providedfurtherproofthatastrangeobjecthadbeenthere.

Accordingtotheman,itwasquiteclearthatpeoplefrom

anotherworldhadbeencirclingtheearthtryingtopickup

information,whensomethinghadgonewrong.Becauseofthis

theyhadbeenforcedtolandinafieldsothatthedamagecould

berepaired.Theholehadbeencausedwhenthesaucerstruck

theearth,whilethestrangemarksnearbyweremadewhenittook

offagain.This,saidtheman,wasthesimplestexplanationof

howtheholehadappeared.Judgingfromtheinterestthepublic

tookinthematter,theremustbequiteafewpeoplewhosecretly

believeorhopethatthis“simple"explanationisthetrueone.

Theauthorthinksoftheexplanationgivenbythearmyas

A.ridiculous

B.notcapableofproof

C.adequate

D.scientificthoughseeminglysimple.

7、

Theauthorholdsthattheman，sexplanationwas

A.utterlyinfeasible

B.lackinginimagination

C.moreprobablethantheoneofferedbythearmy

D.creativethoughnotnecessarilyreasonable

8、

Bywayofexplanationthemanproducedallthefollowingproofs

EXCEPT

A.strangemarksclosetothehole

B.strangehotgas

C.aslightlyburntsmalltree

D.atinypieceofmetalinthehole

9、

Intheman'sopinionsomethinghappenedtotheflyingsaucer

when______

A.itwascarryingoutamission

B.itwasflyingbacktoouterspace

C.itwaslandinginafield

D.peopleaboardwererepairingadamage

10、

Itisimpliedbutnotdirectlystateinthepassagethat

A.thepublictookagreatinterestinthebigmysterioushole

B.armyengineersandmechanicswerenotintheleastcertain

howtheholehadappeared

C.objectsfromouterspaceholdaspecialattraction,for

manypeople

D.themanwhoclaimedtobewel1-informedaboutflying

saucersturnedouttobeacheat

11Thefarmisamajormarketplaceformillionsoftonsof

syntheticfertilizersandpesticides（殺蟲齊!J）,andadvanced

machineryandthefuelrequiredtorunit.Themodernsuperfarm,

largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcompared

withthediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.On

diversifiedfarms,majorenergyneedsmaybesuppliedby

residenthumansandanimals.Soilfertilitymaybemaintained

byalternatingcashcropsandrestorativecrops,andalsoby

returninganimalmanure（月巴料）tothesoil.Thisfarmingmodel

ofrelativelyself-sufficientagriculture,andthewayoflife

associatedwithit,arestilleconomicallyviable（可行），as

demonstratedbyprosperousAmishfarmersandother

practitionersof“alternative"agriculture.Particularly

relevanttotoday'smainstreamagriculturearethe

energy-savingpracticesonlarge"organic"farms,whichare

thoroughlymechanizedbutwhichminimizetheuseofpesticides

andsyntheticfertilizers.

Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntil

latelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.When

fossilenergywascheap,applicationsoffertilizersand

pesticidespaidlargedividends,sofarmerswereencouragedto

usetheseproducts.Soonmostfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizer

andpesticide.Farmersindryregionsenjoyedaneraofcheap

water,obtainedfrompubliclysubsidizedirrigationsystemsor

frompumpinggroundwaterusing,inexpensiveenergy.Thesoil

toowasexpendableasdemandgrewforU.S.agricultural

products.

Theperiodofextraordinaryprofligacyintheuseofsoil,water,

andfossilfuelsmaywellbeatanend.Thenewstructureof

largefarmsisquitesensitivetocostfactors.Theseadaptive

farms,whosedevelopmentwasassistedbypublictax,subsidy,

andresearchpolicies,haveaccesstocapital,technologies,

andmanagementskills,enablingthemtoswitchrelatively

quicklytoresource-conservingpractices一forexample,toa

low-tillagesystemthatrequireslessfuel,thatshepherdssoil

moisture,andthatmayreducesoilerosion（侵蝕）.Itseems

likelythatfederalprogramsthathaveenlargedourfarms,

therefore,havehadafurtherresultofcreatingthepotential

foramoreconservingagriculture.Withrespecttoenergyuse,

forexample,energycostsperunitofoutputarelowerforlarge

farms,mainlybecausethesefarmsquicklyeconomizedonenergy

ascostsrose.Inthefuture,accordingtooneauthoritative

assessment,''agriculturalproductionislikelytousecapital

andlandmoreintensivelybutenergy,fertilizerandlaborless

intensively.

Themaindifferencebetweenthemodemsuperfarmand

diversifiedfarmsis

A.theirsizes

B.themachineryemployed

C.thedegreeofdependenceonresources

D.thekindsofcropscultivatedandanimalsraised

12、

What'sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Fossilenergywasonceverycheap

B.Farmsindryareascouldgetcheapwater

C.MostAmericanfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerand

pesticide

D.MainstreamAmericanagricultureusedtobewastefulof

energy,waterandland

13、

Theword"profligacy”(line1,para.3)mostprobably

means______

A.wastefulness

B.carefulness

C.profitability

D.economy

14、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOT

true?______

A.Thefarmingmodelandthewayoflifeondiversifiedfarms

areworkable

B.Large“organic"farmsuselargeamountsofpesticidesand

syntheticfertilizers

C.Thenewadaptivefarmsarecapableofresource-conserving

practices

D.Toreducesoilerosionisaresource-conservingpractice

15、

Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheproblemofresource

conservationinagriculture

A.hasbeensolvedintheU.S.

B.hasnotyetbeenpaidanyattentionto

C.isbeingseriouslyandeffectivelydealtwith

D.willsoonbesolvedbyusingmorecapitalandland

16、Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedly

inconsistentdefinitionsofliteracy,aboutsevenoutoften

adultsintheworldwereconsideredliterate.Theincreasein

literacyfromancienttimestothepresenthasnotbeenastory

ofunbrokenprogress.Theabilityofpeoplewithinagiven

societytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberof

factors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityof

materialtoread,theamountofeducationavailable,andthe

basicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.

Ofthesefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemost

decisive.Inancientsocieties,aspeoplesettledintostable

patternsofagricultureandtrade,itbecameusefulforsome

ofthemtoreadandwriteinordertokeeprecords,totransact

business,andtomeasureamountsofland,animals,goods,

materials,andproduce.Sincealleconomicaspectsofasociety

werecloselytiedtotheoperationsofgovernment,literacy

becameusefulandevennecessaryforthekeepingofrecordsby

officials.Theresponsibilitiesofcitizenshipledtoafairly

highlevelofliteracyinancientGreeceandRome,butin

additiontothat,therealsogrewanappreciationofgood

literature,poetry,drama,history,andphilosophy.

DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneralbreakdownof

societyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literacybecame

largelyconfinedtothechurch.ButinthelateMiddleAges,

intheperiodoftheRenaissance,thegreatexpansionof

commerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesame

reasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancient

world—usefulness.

Withtheinventionoftheprintingpressandinexpensivepaper

lateinthe15thcenturytherewasforthefirsttimeagreat

availabilityofreadingmaterialforamuchgreaternumberof

people.Religiousreformerswereamongthefirsttoutilizethe

situation,quicklygettingtranslationsoftheBibleand

educationaltractsandbookletsintothehandsofmanypeople.

Thebroadenedreligiousenlightenmentthatresultedwas

followedinlatercenturiesbyapoliticalone.Political

theoristswhofavoreddoctrinespromotingthenaturalrights

ofmancalledforanattackuponilliteracy.Political

revolutions,particularlyintheUnitedStatesandFrance,

helpedinaugurateanerainwhichallclasseswerecalledupon

tobecomeinformedonpublicpolicyfortheirownwelfare.

Againstthispoliticalbackgroundthereemergedthemovement

foruniversalpopulareducation.Literacycametobeunderstood

asameanswherebytheindividualcouldbenefitandadvance,*

andgraduallywholesocietiesbegantoacknowledgethat

universalliteracyamongtheircitizenswasanavenueto

greatereconomicwell-being.

Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Itisfairlyeasytodetermineliteracy

B.Thereisnoilliteracyinarichcountry

C.Historyseesanevenprogresstowardsliteracy

D.Inhistoryliteracysuffersupsanddowns

17、

Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemajordrivingforce

behindtheprogresstowardmoreliteracy?

A.Theamountofeducation

B.Theavailabilityofreadingmaterials

C.Theeconomicdevelopment

D.Thenecessitytoread

18、

IntheRenaissance,itwasthatgreatlyexpandliteracy.

A.thereligiousreforms

B.thetranslationandpopularizationoftheBible

C.theavailabilityofprintingtechnologyandcheappaper

D.therenovationsoftheteachingmethods

19、

Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses

A.thereligiousmovementsthatpromotedtheliteracyofthe

public

B.thenewprogresstowardsliteracyinitiatedbydemocratic

society

C.modempoliticalmovementtowardsamoredemocraticsociety

D.politicalmovementsattheendoftheMiddleAgesfighting

illiteracy

20、

WhattookplaceinliteracyjustbeforetheRenaissance?

A.Literacybecameusefulandnecessaryforthekeepingof

recordsbyofficials

B.Politicaltheoriescalledforanattackuponilliteracy

C.Literacylayonalowerpointbecauseofthebreakdownof

thesociety

D.Citizensgotanamountofeducationavailable

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C^D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Fortyyearsago,ahistoricdocumentwassignedinRomethat

wastochangetheeconomicoutlookandthefutureofmany

countriesinEurope.ThatdocumentwastheTreatyofRome,and

thisyear,onMarch25,1997,theEuropeanUnioncelebratedthe

40thanniversaryofitssigning.AreviseddraftTreatyon

EuropeanUnion(theMaastrichtTreaty)waspresentedinRome

onthatdate.(41).

(42).TheTreatysetoutthethreepillarsoftheEuropean

Union一Pillar1:thethreeEuropeancommunitieswhichform,its

basis;Pillar2:thedevelopmentofacommonforeignand

securitypolicy;andPillar3:cooperationintheareasof

justiceandhomeaffairs,includingimmigrationandasylum(收

容所)，drugtrafficking(交易)andinternationalcrime.

(43).EMUmeansasinglemonetarypolicyoperatingwithin

asingleeconomicmarketandisthereforethelogical

complementtotheSingleMarketinEuropetoday.

TheEMUwillberunbyaEuropeanCentralBankindependentof

bothnationalgovernmentsandEuropeanUnioninstitutions.

(44).TheeurowillenterintocirculationinJanuary

1999inthoseMemberStateswhichmeetthecriteriaforentry

totheEMU,andbymid2022thechangeoverfromnational

currenciestotheeurointhosecountrieswillbecomplete.The

introductionoftheeurowillbethemostvisiblemeasureof

integrationtodateinthedailylivesofcitizensofthe

EuropeanUnion.

TherightsofEuropeancitizenswerefurtherextendedbythe

MaastrichtTreaty,sothattodaycitizensoftheMemberStates

maytravel,reside,workandcarryouttransactionsinany

countryoftheEUwithouthindrance(障礙)andwithful1

protectionofthelaw.TheEuropeanUnion，sfieldsof

responsibilityWireextendedtoincludeareassuchasconsumer

protection,publichealthpolicy,environmentalprotection,

educationandcultureandthecreationofmajortransport,

communicationsandenergy.

(45).ThefirstunionofsixMemberStateshasbeen

enlargedtoitspresentnumberoffifteen.Addedtotheoriginal

sixareDenmark,Ireland,theUnitedKingdom,Greece,Spain,

Portugal,Austria,SwedenandFinland,thelastthreecountries

beingadmittedtotheEuropeanUnionin1995.Thenextcentury

willseetheinclusionintheUnionofanumberofcountries,

mostlyfromCentralandEasternEurope.TodaytheEuropean

Unionisoneoftheworld(sgreatestsingletradingpowers.Its

presentpopulationof370millionhasmanyfreedomsandchoices,

bothascitizensandasconsumers.Itscompanieshaveentered

newmarketsandformednewpartnershipstoexploiteconomic

opportunitiesathomeandabroad.Asthecenturydrawstoa

close,thevisionofaunitedEurope,mademanifestbythe

TreatyofRome,isclosertorealizationthaneverbefore.

A.InNovember1993,theTreatyonEuropeanUnion(alsoknown

astheMaastrichtTreatyaltertheDutchtownwhereEUleaders

met)cameintoforce,creatingtheEuropeanUnionandpaving

thewayforgreaterintegrationbetweenMemberStates.

B.AmajoraspectofEMUisthesinglecurrency,knownasthe

euro.

C.SincethesigningoftheTreatyofRomein1957,Europehas

witnessedaremarkablegrowthinitsvitality,homogeneityand

strengthasademocracy.

D.Asthecenturycomestoanend,aunitedandenlargedEurope,

undertheguideofTreatyofRome,issuretoberealizedvery

soon.

E.TherevisedTreatyisacontinuationoftheprocesstowards

integrationofthecountriesofEuropethatbeganin1957.

F.Therevisedtreatyisaformalagreement