考研外語押題預測卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、TothepeopleoftheBijagosarchipelago,thesharkis

sacred.In(1)ceremoniesyoungmenfromtheseislands

(2)thecoastofGuinea-Bissaumustspearasharkand

presentthelivertotheir(3)Butcanthisancient

ceremony(4)theeconomicfactthatabowlofshark'sfin

soupcancost$150intheFarEast?

Inthearchipelago,andallalongWestAfrica(scoast,sharks

arebeing"finned"to(5)Fishermencanearn$50-80

(6)akiloofsharks,fins,farmorethanordinaryfish.

Bythetimethey(7)theFarEast,theycouldbe(8)

$500akiloormorevaluable(9)aphrodisiacsaswellas

forgourmets.

Thehighdemandis(10)sharkpopulationsinWestAfrica

andelsewhere.Mostfish,vulnerableto(11)eatenby

biggerfish,protecttheirspeciesbylayingmillionsofeggs.

Butthesharkhasnonaturalenemy(12)man,andgives

birthtojusta(13)ofyoung.(14)femaleharksare

oftencaught(15)pregnant,theresulthasbeen

predictablydisastrous.Shark-likesawfish,whicharealso

“finned”,arealreadyvirtually(16)offtheBijagos

islands,andguitarfishare(17)threat.

InsomepartsofWestAfrica,whensharksandothersimilarfish

havebeenfinned,therestofthefleshisoften(18)_____,

saltedandexportedtoplaceslikeGhana,wherethereisa

(19)forIt.Driedsharkisusedmuch(20)astock

cubewouldbeelsewhere.ButintheBijagosislands,where

tradersareuninterestedinexportingdriedshark,carcasses

areoftenlefttorotonthebeach.

A.beginning

B.start

C.initiation

D.initial

2、⑵

A.above

B.along

C.on

D.off

3、(3)

A.elders

B.ancestors

C.family

D.relatives

4、⑷

A.endure

B.liveon

C.outlast

D.survive

5、⑸

A.death

B.die

C.dying

D.bedied

6、(6)

A.by

B.for

C.at

D.from

7、(7)

A.attain

B.reach

C.arrive

D.achieve

8、(8)

A.worthful

B.worthwhile

C.worthy

D.worth

9、(9)

A.as

B.like

C.becauseof

D.for

10、(10)

A.mining

B.devastating

C.destroying

D.spoiling

IK(11)

A.being

B.be

C.been

D.is

12、(12)

A.excluding

B.besides

C.but

D.beside

13、(13)

A.hand

B.little

C.few

D.handful

14、(14)

A.When

B.Since

C.Because

D.As

15、(15)

A.when

B.as

C.during

D.whist

16、(16)

A.destroyed

B.extinct

C.died

D.vanished

17、(17)

A.in

B.under

C.at

D.below

18、(18)

A.parched

B.dry

C.drying

D.dried

19、(19)

A.demand

B.need

C.want

D.request

20、(20)

A.same

B.liking

C.as

D.alike

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thegapbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstocomputersandthe

Internetandthosewhocouldn'tspelltroublenotonlyfor

classroomlearningtoday,butinturnforproducingthekind

ofstudentswhoarereadytocompeteforthejobsoftomorrow.

Bytheyear2000,60percentofalljobswillrequirehigh-tech

computerskills.Overthenextsevenyears,accordingtoBureau

ofLaborstatistics,computerandtechnologyrelatedjobswill

growbyanastounding70percent."Weasanationaremissing

theopportunityofalifetime”,insistsRiley."Theabilityof

allstudentstolearnatthehighestlevelswiththegreatest

resourcesandhavethepromiseofafutureofreal

opportunity-thisisthepotentialoftechnology”.

Rileyproposesdosingthegapsintechnologyaccessby

providingdiscountedservicesforschoolsandlibraries.The

1996TelecommunicationsActcalledforprovidingallK-12

publicandnonprofitprivateschools,aswellaslibraries,

withdiscounts-anEducationRate,orE-Ratefor

telecommunicationservices,inMay1997,theFederal

CommunicationsCommissionunanimouslyvotedtoprovide$2.25

billionayearindiscountsrangingfrom20to90percenton

aslidingscale,withthebiggestdiscountsforthepoorest

schools.(TheE-RatecoversInternetaccessandinternalschool

connections,butnotcomputersorsoftware.)Thefirstround

ofapplicationsforthediscountsendedinApril1998withmore

than30,000received,intimeforthebeginningoftheschool

year.WiththeE-Rateinplace,itwashopedthatmostU.S.

classroomswouldbeconnectedtotheInternet(upfrom44

percentnow),includingalmosteveryclassroominthenation's

50largestschooldistricts.However,criticismfromCongress

andthetelecommunicationsindustryledtheFCCinJurmto

reducetheamountavailablefor1998to$1.3billion.

Still,theimportanceofconnectingourschoolstothisvast

andpotentiallypowerfullearningtoolcalledtheInternetis

takinghold.InaJunecommencementaddressatMIT,thefirst

byasittingpresidenttobebroadcastontheInternet,

PresidentClintonfirmlyemphasizedtheneedtoeliminatethe

digitaldivide.

“Untileverychildhasacomputerintheclassroomandthe

skillstouseit,untileverystudentcantaptheenormous

resourcesoftheInternet,untileveryhightechcompanycan

findskilledworkerstofillitshigh-techjobs,Americawill

missthefullpromiseoftheInformationAge”,henoted."The

choice”,hesaid,“issimple.Wecanextendopportunitytoday

toallAmericansorleavemebehind.Wecaneraselinesof

inequityoretchthemindelibly.Wecanacceleratethemost

powerfulengineofgrowthandprosperitytheworldhasever

known,orallowtheenginetostall”.

Inthepassage,theword“spell”(Sentence1,Paragraph1)

probablymeans.

A.nameorwritethelettersofaword

B.form

C.mean

D.solve

2、

Inordertogetthediscountsinquestion,theschoolsor

librarieshaveto.

A.buycomputersandsoftware

B.submitapplications

C.bewithinthe50largestschooldistricts

D.beconnectedtotheInternet

3、

Whatwouldeventuallyhappenifthegapintechnologyaccess

remainsunclosed?

A.Somestudentswouldlagbehindinscienceandmath.

B.Somestudentswouldn'tbeabletogettheE-rate.

C.Somegraduateswouldnothavetheskillstousethecomputer.

D.Somegraduateswouldbeatadisadvantageinfindingjobs.

4、

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheDigitalDivide

B.TheNecessityofEliminatingtheDigitalDivide

C.HowtoClosetheGapsinTechnology

D.DiscountedServices

5、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthestatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Moreandmorejobsrequirehigh-techcomputerskills.

B.Thetelecommunicationindustryobjectstoproviding

discountedservicestoschoolsandlibraries.

C.AmericawillmissthebrightfutureoftheInformationAge.

D.ManypeopleagreethatInternetisaveryimportant

learningtool.

6、Amajorreasonmostexpertstodaysupportconceptssuch

asayouthservicesbureauisthattraditionalcorrectional

practicesfailtorehabilitatemanydelinquentyouth.Ithas

beenestimatedthatasmanyas70percentofallyouthwhohave

beeninstitutionalizedareinvolvedinnewoffensesfollowing

theirrelease.Contemporarycorrectionalinstitutionsare

usuallyisolated—geographicallyandsocially一fromthe

communitiesinwhichmostoftheirinmateslive.Inaddition,

rehabilitativeprogramsinthetypicaltrainingschooland

reformatoryfocusontheindividualdelinquentratherthanthe

environmentalconditionswhichfosterdelinquency.

Finally,manyinstitutionsdonotplayanadvocacyroleon

behalfofthosecommittedtotheircare.Theyfailtodo

anythingconstructiveaboutthehack-homeconditions-family,

school,work—facedbytheyouthfulinmates.Asaresult,too

ofteninstitutionalizationservesasabarriertothe

successfulreturnofformerinmatestotheircommunities.

Perhapsthemostseriousconsequenceofsendingyouthtolarge,

centralizedinstitutions,however,isthattoofrequentlythey

serveasatraininggroundforcriminalcareers.Theclassic

exampleoftheadultoffenderwholeavesprisonmore

knowledgeableinthewaysofcrimethanwhenheenteredisno

lesstrueofthejuvenilecommittedtoacorrectionalfacility.

Thefailuresoftraditionalcorrectionalinstitutions,then,

pointtotheneedforthedevelopmentofafullrangeof

strategiesandtreatmenttechniquesasalternativesto

incarceration.

Mostexpertstodayfavortheuseofsmall,decentralized

correctionalprogramslocatedin,orcloseto,communities

wheretheyoungoffenderlives.Half-wayhouses,ail-day

probationprograms,vocationaltrainingandjobplacement

services,remedialeducationactivities,andstreetworking

programsareamongthecommunity-basedalternativesavailable

forworkingwithdelinquentandpotentiallydelinquentyouth.

Overandaboveallthehumanfactorscited,thecasefor

community-basedprogramsisfurtherstrengthenedwhencostis

considered.Themostrecent'figuresshowthatmore$258

millionisbeingspentannuallyonpublicinstitutionsfor

delinquentyouth.Theaverageannualoperatingexpenditurefor

eachincarceratedyouthisestimatedatalittleoverfive

thousanddollars,significantlymorethanthecostofsending

aboyorgirltothebestprivatecollegeforthesameperiod

oftime.

Thecontinuingincreaseinjuveniledelinquencyratesonly

servestoheightenthedrasticunder-financing,thelackof

adequatelytrainedstaff,andthesevereshortageofmanpower

thatcharacterizevirtuallyeveryjuvenilecorrectionsystem.

Thecontentofthisselectioncanbestbedescribedas.

A.narrative

B.satirical

C.expository

D.argumentative

7、

Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Astodelinquentyouth,decentralizedcorrectional

programsaremoreeffectivethantraditionalcorrectional

practices.

B.Correctionalinstitutionsaresuperiortoyouthservices

bureausinthattheycentralizedelinquentyouth.

C.Mostdelinquentyouthareliabletobeinvolvedinnew

offences.

D.Thereasonwhymanyexpertsprefercorrectional

institutionsisthattheysucceedinrehabilitatingdelinquent

youth.

8、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

A.Correctionalinstitutionsarefarawayfromthe

communitiesinwhichdelinquentyouth'sinmateslive.

B.Correctionalinstitutionsfai1tohelptheyoungoffender

tocopewithproblemsaftertheygobackhome.

C.Correctionalinstitutionsaretraininggroundforcriminal

careers.

D.Therehabilitativeprogramsincorrectionalinstitutions

focusonenvironmentalfactors.

9、

Theword，/incarceration，/(Paragraph3)probablymeans.

A.imprisonment

B.program

C.offend

D.crime

10、

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Drasticunder-finaneingleadstohighjuveniledelinquency

rates.

B.Juvenilecorrectionsystemisinurgentneedofmanpower

aswellastrainedstaff.

C.Duetothehighpressureandmisunderstanding,juvenile

delinquencyisontherise.

D.Everyjuvenilecorrectionsystemisfacedwiththesame

problems.

11、WhenIwasinhighschool,Ihadalmostnoindividual

identityleft.IwasaHillcrestHuskyandallotherhigh

0---------￡

上14

schoolswereenemies.Iwasawrestlerandalltheothersports

werewimps.Iwasonthedebateteamandeveryoneelsewasdumb.

Atmyhighschool,everyonehadagroup;noonewasanindividual.

Wait,Itakethatback.Therewereafewindividuals,butthey

werecompletelyoutcastfromoursocialorder.Neverinmylife

canIrememberstrongerfeelingsofhateinhighschool.But

wenevercalledithate.Wecalleditloyalty.

Asadults,mostofusarebetteratbeinganindividualthan

wewereinhighschool,buttheinfluencesofgroupidentity

continuetopromotecompetitionandprejudiceinourworld.If

youarelikeme,youwanttoavoidteachingrivalry,conflict

andprejudicetoyourchildren.

Onepossiblestrategyforstoppingthenegativeinfluencesof

groupidentitywou1dbe:recognizeandreplay.Lookforthe

prejudiceinyourlifeandreplaceitwithcharity.Treatevery

personasanindividualandignorethesocialclassifications

createdbyagroup-dependentworld.

AgoodfriendandIoncediscussedourdifferingreligions

beliefs.HeidentifiedwithacertaingroupandIwithanother.

Becauseofourdependenceongroupidentity,ourconversations

revolvedaroundthebeliefsofthegroups.Ourindividual

beliefs,whichwerequitesimilar,tookabackseatwhilewe

discussedtopicsweknewlittleabout.Wedefendedourgroups

evenwhenwedidnotunderstandorknowtheofficialgroup

positiononmanyissues.Theresultingrivalryhasdamagedour

friendshipeversince.

Mybehavior,inthissituationisexactlywhatscriptureand

wisdomteachustoavoid.HowstupidIwastojudgemyfriend

byagroupstandard!HowstupidIwastodefendmyowngroup

eveninareasIknewnothingabout!IhopeIcanteachmy

childrentobehavedifferently.

Here,Ihaveusedreligiousbeliefstopointonlyoneareain

whichtheinfluenceofgroupidentitycancreateproblems.

Therearemanyotherstoconsideralso.Someoftheseare

marriage,race,culture,language,geographicorigin,

education,andbehavior.Weshouldtreatallpeopleas

individualsregardlessoftheseconditions.

Finally,loyaltyandgroupidentityarenotalwaysbad.Attimes,

theycanhelpalonelypersontofeellovedorabrokensoul

tofeelsuccess.Groupidentitycanalsohelpustoliveahigher

standard.Butpositivepeerpressureshouldneverreplace

individual,one-to-oneactsofserviceandlove.

Accordingtothearticle,camealongwithgroupidentity.

A.rivalry

B.prejudice

C.conflicts

D.alloftheabove

12、

Accordingtotheauthorwasemphasizedinhighschool.

A.individualidentity

B.groupidentity

C.excellentability

D.highscores

13、

Whydidtheauthordamagethefriendshipwithhisgoodfriend?

A.Becausetheirgroupbeliefsweredissimilar.

B.Becausetheirgroupbeliefsweresimilar.

C.Becausetheirindividualbeliefsweredissimilar.

D.Bemusetheirindividualbeliefsweresimilar.

14、

Thefollowingstatementsarethereasonsthatclarifygroup

identityarenotalwaysbadEXCEPT.

A.theycanhelpalonelypersontofeelloved

B.theycanheapabrokensoultofeelsuccess

C.theycanhelpapersontoliveahigherstandard

D.theycanpromotecompetition

15、

Wecaninferfromthearticlethatauthor,sattitudetoward

groupidentityis.

A.biased

B.fairandjust

C.subjective

D.emotional

16、Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductions

innoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,the

numberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.

Consequentlymorethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstill

havelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone

(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfrom

vehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.There

isagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachieve

furtherreductionsinvehicleemissions一shortofamassive

shiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplace

conventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burning

fuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,

ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhose

moleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.These

moleculesburnmomcleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausethey

havefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbons

theydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustion

oflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,

involvesamorecomplexseriesofreaction.Thesereactions

increasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremore

likelytoreleaseun-combustedandphoto-chemicallyactive

hydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,

alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgas

wouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—a

seriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuel

efficiency-andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamental

limitsinsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportant

advantagesoverothercarbonbasedalternativefuels:theyhave

ahigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimal

changesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.

Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butkis

currentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcost

ofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smost

attractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90

percentthevehicleemissionsthatform,ozone,themost

seriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanalhasitscritics.Yetmuch

ofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolinedone"vehicles

thatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovements

thataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,

forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyabout

one-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;other

thingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhat

largerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehicles

couldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasoline

clone“vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneed

comparativelylessfuelVehiclesincorporatingonlythe

simplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakes

feasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningof

urbanairpollution.

Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossible

solutiontoproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenature

ofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoa

problem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolution

toit

17、

Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikely

tooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuel

because.

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphoto-chemically

activehydrocarbons

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesof

reactions

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules

18、

Whichofthefollowingaboutairpollutiondoesthepassage

suggest?

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueled

vehicleswillnorhelplowerurbanairpollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividual

gasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamount

ofpollutantsemittedbygasolinefueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthe

0----￡

,21

mostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

19、

Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestasthemost

appealingfeatureofmethanol?

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexisting

motorfueldistributionsystem.

C.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

D.Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividual

vehiclesfeasible.

20、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatavehiclespecifically

designedtousemethanolforfuelwould.

A.besomewhatlighterintotalbodyweightthana

conventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline

B.bemoreexpensivetooperatethanaconventionalvehicle

fueledwithgasoline

C.havealargerandmorepowerfulenginethanaconventional

vehiclefueledwithgasoline

D.goaveragemoremilespergallonthana"gasolineclone”

vehiclefueledwithmethanol

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G....)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon'tcome

withaninstructionmanual.Andeachchildisdifferent.

(41).

ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildrenstandon

theirowntwofeet.Frominfancy,eachchildmaygethisorher

ownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygainmorefreedomtomaketheir

ownchoices.Teenagerschoosetheirownformsofentertainment,

aswellasthefriendstosharethemwith.(42).Butonce

they“leavethenest"ataround18to21yearsold,theywant

tobeontheirown,not“tiedtotheirmother，sapronstrings'".

(43).Whenchildrenbecomeadults,theirrelationship

withtheirparentsbecomesmorelikeafriendshipamongequals.

Butcontrarytopopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon'tmake

theirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheycometovisit.

Evenasadults,theyrespectandhonortheirparents.

(44).ManyAmericanshavestrongfeelingsaboutwhich

typeofarrangementisbest.Somearguethatattendingaday

carecentercanbeapositiveexperienceforchildren.Others

insistthatmothersarethebestcaregiversforchildren.A

numberofwomenarenowleavingtheworkforcetobecome

full-timehomemakers.

(45).Manyparentsfeelthatanold-fashionedspanking

helpsyoungsterslearnwhat"No!"means.Othersprefer

alternateformsofdiscipline.Forexample,“timeouts'have

becomepopularinrecentyears.Childrenin“timeout'haveto

sitinacornerorbyawall.Theycangetuponlywhenthey

arereadytoactnicely.Olderchildrenandteenagerswhobreak

therulesmaybegrounded,ornotallowedtogooutwithfriends.

Someoftheirprivilegesathome—likeTVortelephoneuse一may

alsobetakenawayforawhile.Althoughdisciplinecan'tfun

forparentsorchildren,it'sanecessarypartoftraining.

Beingaparentisatallorder.Ittakespatience,love,wisdom,

courageandagoodsenseofhumortoraisechildren(andnot

loseyoursanity).Somepeoplearejustdecidingnottohave

childrenatall,sincethey'renotsureit'sworthit,But

raisingchildrenmeanstrainingthenextgenerationand

preservingourculture.Whatcouldbeworthmorethanthat?

A.TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericais

veryinformal.Americanparentstrytotreattheirchildrenas

individuals——notasextensionsofthem-selves.Theyallowthem

tofulfilltheirowndreams.Americanspraiseandencourage

theirchildrentogivethemtheconfidencetosucceed.

B.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration,not

knowingwhattodo.Butinraisingchildren一asinallof

life一whatwedoisinfluencedbyourculture.Naturallythen,

AmericanparentsteachtheirchildrenbasicAmericanvalues.

C.DiscipliningchildrenisanotherareathatAmericanparents

havedifferingopinionsabout.

D.Naturally,everyparentwantstheirchildtobesafe,whether

thechildisonlineorontheschoolbus.Andcertainlyifyou

suspectyourchildisinvolvedindrugs,inappropriate

relationships,orotherdangeroussituations,it'syour

responsibilitytostepinandinterveneusingwhatevertools

arenecessary.

E.Whentheyreachyoungadulthood,theychoosetheirown

careersandmarriagepartners.Ofcourse,manyyoungadults

stillseektheirparents,adviceandapprovalforthechoices

theymake.

F.Mostyoungcoupleswithchildrenstrugglewiththeissueof

childcare.Mothershavetraditionallystayedhomewiththeir

children.Inrecentyears,though,agrowingtrendistoput

preschoolersinadaycarecentersoMomcanwork.

G.Keepthefamily

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoC