2023名校版高考英語閱讀理解精

讀附答案

（2022山師附中卷）Inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animals

periodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.

Wildlifesuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsby

followingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gain

thedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgenetic

code.Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsand

culturetoguidetheirmigration.

Anothergroupofmigratorsdoesnotquitefiteithermodel,

andresearchershaveonlyrecentlystartedtofigureouthow

theyfindtheirway.TaketheCory'sshearwater,anoceangoing

seabirdthatmigratesovertheAtlanticeveryyear.Theyoungdo

notmigratewiththeirparents,soculturecannotexplaintheir

journeys.Andtheexactpathsvarywildlyfromindividualto

individual,makinggeneticsequallyunlikely.

Cory'sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoung

successfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearning

andpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researchers

callthisthe"exploration-refinement”,anduntilnowithasbeen

hypothetical（假設的）becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratory

animals,movements.

Butateamofresearchershasdonethatbyattachingsmall

geolocatorstomorethan150ofthebirdsagedfourtonine.

Theyfoundthatyoungerbirdstraveledlongerdistances,for

longerperiods,andhadmorediversepathsthanolderbirds.

"Wefinallyhaveevidenceofthe,exploration-refinement,for

migratorybirds,"saysLetiziaCampioni,wholedthestudy.

YoungerCoryzsshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastasthe

adults-buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomore

exploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoa

preferredcourse.

Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,

'（explorationrefinementcouldbebeneficialtobirdsandother

organismsinarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictable

man-madechanges,HsaysBarbaraFrei."Itmightbesaferto

repeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysuccessfulthantorelyon

patternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbe

safe.,z

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Itdescribesanimals*habitats.

B.Ittalksaboutmigrationmodels.

C.Itcomparesdifferentspecies.

D.Itintroducesatrackingtechnology.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inparagraph3refer

to?

A.Theopeningforlearningandpractice.

B.TheuniquelivinghabitofCory'sshearwaters.

C.ThewayCory'sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.

D.TheprocessscientiststrackCory'sshearwaters'movements.

34.WhatdoesLetizia(sstudyfindabouttheyoungerCory1s

shearwaters?

A.Theytravelasmuchasadultbirds.

B.Theymoveinapredictablemanner.

C.Theylowerthespeedforexploration.

D.Theylookforacoursewiththeirparents.

35.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?

A.Man-madechangesmakemigrationeasier.

B.Animalsmakeasaferjourneyviaafixedtrack.

C.Courseexplorationcontributestobirds'adaptability.

D.Acombinationofstrategiesassuresmigrationsuccess.

BCCC

（2022德州高三期中卷）Whileitmaysoundlikesomething

thathascrawledoutofyournightmares,cyborgcockroaches（蜂

螂）havearrivedasfriendsratherthanfoes.Scientistshave

designedanewremotecontrolledinsect,equippedwitha

battery"backpack"thatispoweredbysolarpanels.

Thecockroach,whichispartinsectandpartmachine,is

intendedtoenterdangerousareas,monitortheenvironment

orundertakesearchandrescuemissionswithoutbeing

recharged.Theresearchershadtoinstallsomecomponentsinto

atinypacktoallowforthecockroach,snaturalmovements.

Thecockroachesarestillalive,butsensoryorgansattached

totheendoftheirbodiessendelectricalimpulsesthatcausethe

insecttomoverightorleft.Abatteryisnecessaryforthe

sendingandreceivingoftheseelectricalsignals,whichneedsto

bechargedup.Whileit'spossibletobuilddockingstationsfor

rechargingthebattery,theyneedtoreturnandit

coulddisrupttime-sensitivemissions.Tosolvethe

toughproblem,theteamwantedtocreateamorepractical

versionthatdoesnotneedtoreturntoadockingstationwhenit

runsoutofpower.

Therefore,theydesignedanon-boardsolarcellthatcould

continuouslyensurethatthecockroachstayschargedwhileit

works.However,cockroacheshavealimitedsurfacearea

availableforallthecomponentsnecessarytomoveitslegsand

keepitpowered.Thesolutionwastodesignaspecial“backpack”

thatcouldneatlycarryboththewirelessleg-controlmoduleand

rechargeablebattery.Thiswasattachedtothetopoftheinsect

onitsfront,andwas3Dprintedtofitperfectlytothecurved

surfaceofcockroach.Itallowedforthiselectronicdeviceto

bestablyfixedontheinsectforoveramonth,while

leavingenoughspacetoimplantthesolarpanel.

Famouslyabletosurviveanuclearwar,cockroacheshave

beentheinspirationforanumberoftechnologiesinrecent

years.Differentteamsofscientistshavedesigned

remote-controlledrobo-bugsthatcanclimbwalls,carryobjects

andfindhumansduringsearch-and-rescuemissions.

12.Whatisacyborgcockroach?

A.Atinybackpackwithasolarpanel.

B.Arobotworkingasapowerstation.

C.Akindofbugdiscoveredbyscientists.

D.Aninsectremote-controlledbyhumans.

13.Whatisabigchallengetocreatecyborgcockroaches?