葉片泵的認知KnowledgeaboutVanePump任務3Task3任務描述TaskDescription1某個液壓設(shè)備需要配備一個液壓泵，要求具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、流量均勻、噪聲小、運轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)等優(yōu)點，要求一般為中、低壓。工作環(huán)境比較清潔，請查閱資料為這臺設(shè)備選擇一個適合的液壓泵，并分析所選泵的工作原理以及結(jié)構(gòu)特點，以及優(yōu)缺點。Taskdescription:Thehydraulicequipmentshouldbeequippedwithahydraulicpump,featuringcompactstructure,uniformflow,lownoiseandstableoperation.Generally,thehydraulicpumpshouldbeofmedium-andlow-pressure.Theworkingenvironmentshouldberelativelyclean.Lookuptherelevantmaterialstoselectahydraulicpumpsuitableforthisequipment,andanalyzetheworkingprinciple,structuralcharacteristics,advantagesanddisadvantagesoftheselectedpump.圖1-3-1葉片泵的實物圖Figure1-3-1RealProductPictureofVanePump單作用葉片泵Single-actingVanePump21單作用葉片泵的工作原理1Workingprincipleofsingle-actingvanepump工作原理如圖1-3-2所示，單作用葉片泵由轉(zhuǎn)子1、定子2、葉片3和端蓋等組成。定子具有圓柱形內(nèi)表面，定子和轉(zhuǎn)子間有偏心距。itsworkingprincipleinFigure1-3-2.Thesingle-actingvanepumpiscomposedofrotor(1),stator(2),vanes(3)andendcover.Thestatorhasacylindricalinnersurface.Thereiseccentricitybetweenthestatorandtherotor.圖1-3-2單作用葉片泵的工作原理Figure1-3-2WorkingPrincipleofSingle-actingVanePump單作用葉片泵Single-actingVanePump23單作用葉片泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點3Structuralcharacteristicsofsingle-actingvanepump(1)改變定子和轉(zhuǎn)子之間的偏心便可改變流量。(1)Theflowratecanbechangedbyadjustingtheeccentricitybetweenthestatorandtherotor.(2)處在壓油腔的葉片頂部受到壓力油的作用,該作用要把葉片推入轉(zhuǎn)子槽內(nèi)。為了使葉片頂部可靠地和定子內(nèi)表面相接觸，壓油腔一側(cè)的葉片底部要通過特殊的溝槽和壓油腔相通。吸油腔一側(cè)的葉片底部要和吸油腔相通,這里的葉片僅靠離心力的作用頂在定子內(nèi)表面上。

(2)Undertheactionofpressurefluid,thevanetopinthefluidpressingchamberpushesthevanesintotherotorslot.Tomakethevanetopreliablycontactwiththeinnersurfaceofthestator,thevanebottomononesideofthefluidpressingchambershouldbeconnectedtothefluidpressingchamberviaaspecialgroove.Thevanebottomononesideofthefluidsuctionchambershouldbeconnectedtothefluidsuctionchamber.Thevanesherearepushedagainsttheinnersurfaceofthestatoronlybycentrifugalforce.單作用葉片泵Single-actingVanePump23單作用葉片泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點3Structuralcharacteristicsofsingle-actingvanepump(3)由于轉(zhuǎn)子受到不平衡的徑向液壓作用力,所以這種泵一般不宜用于高壓。(3)Astherotorissubjecttotheunbalancedradialhydraulicforce,thiskindofpumpisgenerallyunsuitableforhighpressure.(4)為了更有利于葉片在慣性力作用下向外伸出，而使葉片有一個與旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反的傾斜角，稱后傾角，一般為24°。

(4)Tofacilitatetheoutwardextensionofvanesundertheactionofinertialforce,aninclinationangle(whichiscalledcasterangle)oppositetotherotationdirectionshouldbeformed.Generally,theangleis24°.雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump31雙作用葉片泵的工作原理1Workingprincipleofdouble-actingvanepump泵也是由定子1、轉(zhuǎn)子2、葉片3和配油盤等組成。Thepumpisalsocomposedofstator(1),rotor(2),vanes(3)andfluiddistributionpan.圖1-3-3雙作用葉片泵的工作原理

Figure1-3-3WorkingPrincipleofDouble-actingVanePump1-定子2-轉(zhuǎn)子3-葉片1-Stator2-Rotor3-Vanes雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump3當轉(zhuǎn)子每轉(zhuǎn)一周,每個工作空間要完成兩次吸油和壓油,所以稱之為雙作用葉片泵,這種葉片泵由于有兩個吸油腔和兩個壓油腔,并且各自的中心夾角是對稱的,所以作用在轉(zhuǎn)子上的油液壓力平衡,為了要使徑向力完全平衡,密封空間數(shù)的葉片數(shù)應當是雙數(shù)。astheinnerrotorrotatesforonecycle,thefluidsuctionandpressingactionsarecompletedtwiceineachenclosedspace,sothepumpiscalleddouble-actingvanepump.Thevanepumphastwofluidsuctionchambersandtwofluidpressingchambers,andtheircentralanglesaresymmetrical.Consequently,thefluidpressureactingontherotorisbalanced.Tobalancetheradialforcecompletely,thenumberofenclosedspaces(i.e.numberofvanes)shouldbeeven.雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump32雙作用葉片泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點2Structuralcharacteristicsofdouble-actingvanepump(1)配油盤(1)Fluiddistributionpan圖1-3-4雙作用葉片泵的配油盤Figure1-3-4Fluiddistributionpanofdouble-actingvanepump雙作用葉片泵的配油盤如圖1-3-4所示,配油盤是泵的配油機構(gòu)。Thefluiddistributionpanofthedouble-actingvanepump(namely,fluiddistributionmechanismofthepump)isshowninFigure1-3-4.從上圖可以看出，在配油盤的壓油窗口上開有一個三角槽，它的作用主要是用來減小泵的流量脈動和壓力脈動。Asshowninthefigureabove,atriangulargrooveisprovidedonthefluidpressingwindowofthepan.Itismainlyusedtoreducetheflowandpressurefluctuationofthepump.雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump32雙作用葉片泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點2Structuralcharacteristicsofdouble-actingvanepump(2)定子曲線(2)Statorcurve圖1-3-5定子的過渡曲線

Figure1-3-5TransitionCurveofStator定子工作表面曲線如圖所示。它由四段圓弧和四段過渡曲線組成。Theworkingsurfacecurveofthestatorisshowninthefigurebelow.Itconsistsoffour-sectionarcsandfour-sectiontransitioncurves.雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump32雙作用葉片泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點2Structuralcharacteristicsofdouble-actingvanepump(2)定子曲線(2)Statorcurve圖1-3-5定子的過渡曲線

Figure1-3-5TransitionCurveofStator定子工作表面曲線如圖所示。它由四段圓弧和四段過渡曲線組成。Theworkingsurfacecurveofthestatorisshowninthefigurebelow.Itconsistsoffour-sectionarcsandfour-sectiontransitioncurves.雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump32雙作用葉片泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點2Structuralcharacteristicsofdouble-actingvanepump(3)葉片的傾角(3)Inclinedangleofvane圖1-3-6雙作用葉片泵的傾角Figure1-3-6InclinedAngleofDouble-actingVanePump葉片在轉(zhuǎn)子中的安放應當有利于葉片的滑動，磨損要小。Thevanesshouldbearrangedproperlyintherotortoensureeasyslidingofvanesandlesswear雙作用葉片泵Double-actingVanePump33提高雙作用葉片泵壓力的措施3Measurestoincreasethepressureofdouble-actingvanepump使葉片壓向定子的作用力減小，常用的措施有：

Commonlyusedmeasurestoreducetheforceofthevanepressingagainstthestator:（1）減小作用在葉片底部的油液壓力

(1)Reducethefluidpressureactingonthevanebottom;（2）減小葉片底部承受壓力油作用的面積

(2)Reducetheareaundertheactionofpressurefluidatthevanebottom;（3）使葉片頂部和底部的液壓作用力平衡

(3)Ensurethatthehydraulicforceatthevanetopandbottomisbalanced.雙級葉片泵和雙聯(lián)葉片泵Two-stageVanePumpandDoubleVanePump41雙級葉片泵1Two-stagevanepump為了得到較高的工作壓力，也可以不用高壓葉片泵，而用雙級葉片泵。雙級葉片泵是由兩個通壓力的單級葉片泵裝在一個泵體內(nèi)在油路上串接而成的。雙級葉片泵的工作原理如圖1-3-7所示，兩個單級葉片泵的轉(zhuǎn)子裝在同一根傳動軸上，當傳動軸回轉(zhuǎn)時就帶動兩個轉(zhuǎn)子一起轉(zhuǎn)動，就可以產(chǎn)生雙倍的工作壓力。Atwo-stagevanepumpcanbeusedinsteadofahigh-pressurevanepumptoobtainrelativelyhighworkingpressure.Thetwo-stagevanepumpiscomposedoftwosingle-stagevanepumpswiththepressurecirculated,whichareinstalledinapumpbodyandconnectedinseriesonthefluidcircuit.Theworkingprincipleofthetwo-stagevanepumpisshowninFigure1-3-7.Therotorsoftwosingle-stagevanepumpsareinstalledonthesametransmissionshaft.Asthetransmissionshaftrotates,thetworotorsaredriventorotatetogether,whichcangeneratedoubleworkingpressure.雙級葉片泵和雙聯(lián)葉片泵Two-stageVanePumpandDoubleVanePump41雙級葉片泵1Two-stagevanepump圖1-3-7雙級葉片泵的工作原理Figure1-3-7WorkingPrincipleofTwo-stageVanePump1，2-管路1,2-Pipeline雙級葉片泵和雙聯(lián)葉片泵Two-stageVanePumpandDoubleVanePump42雙聯(lián)葉片泵2Doublevanepump雙聯(lián)葉片泵是由兩個單級葉片泵裝在一個泵體內(nèi)在油路上并聯(lián)組成的。兩個葉片泵的轉(zhuǎn)子由同一傳動軸帶動旋轉(zhuǎn)，并各有獨立的出油口，兩個泵可以是相等流量的，也可以是不等流量的。Thedoublevanepumpiscomposedoftwosingle-stagevanepumps,whichareinstalledinapumpbodyandconnectedinparallelonthefluidcircuit.Therotorsofthetwovanepumpsaredriventorotatebythesametransmissionshaft.Theyhaveindependentfluidoutlets.Theflowoftwopumpsmaybeequalornotequal.雙級葉片泵和雙聯(lián)葉片泵Two-stageVanePumpandDoubleVanePump43葉片泵的主要性能：3Mainperformanceofvanepump(1）壓力中低壓葉片泵的額定壓力一般為6.3MPa，雙作用高壓葉片泵的最高工作壓力可達28～30MPa，變量葉片泵的壓力一般不超過17.5MPa。(1)Pressure:Theratedpressureofamedium-andlow-pressurevanepumpisgenerally6.3MPa,themaximumworkingpressureofadouble-actinghigh-pressurevanepumpcanreach28~30MPa,andthepressureofavariablevanepumpisnotgreaterthan17.5MPaingeneral.(2）排量葉片泵的排量范圍為0.5～4200mL/r，常用的雙作用葉片泵為2.5～300mL/r，變量葉片泵為6～120mL/r。(2)Displacement:Thedisplacementofavanepumpis0.5~4,200mL/r,thatofacommonlyuseddouble-actingvanepumpis2.5~300mL/r,andthatofavariablevanepumpis6~120mL/r.雙級葉片泵和雙聯(lián)葉片泵Two-stageVanePumpandDoubleVanePump43葉片泵的主要性能：3Mainperformanceofvanepump（3）轉(zhuǎn)速小排量雙作用葉片泵的最高轉(zhuǎn)速可達8000～10000r/min，一般排量的葉片泵為1500～2000r/min，常用的變量葉片泵最高轉(zhuǎn)速大約為3000r/min，但最低轉(zhuǎn)速不能小于600～900r/min。

(3)Speed:Themaximumspeedofasmalldisplacementdouble-actingvanepumpcanreach8,000~10,000r/min,andthatofageneraldisplacementvanepump1,500~2,000r/min.Foracommonlyusedvariabledisplacementvanepump,themaximumspeedisabout3,000r/min,buttheminimumspeedcannotbelessthan600~900r/min.（4）效率雙作用葉片泵的容積效率較高，可達93%~95