英語2022.12

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Inaschool.B.Inagasstation.C.Inahospital.D.Inagarage.

2.A.At9:30.B.At9:40.C.At10:09.D.At10:39.

3.A.Planningasportsevent.B.Writinguplocalnews.

C.Readinganewspaper.D.Puttingupadvertisements.

4.A.Itisluxurious.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itiscompetitive.D.Itisdisappointing.

5.A.Hehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.B.Heisn'tinthemoodtotravel.

C.Phuketistoofarforafamilyholiday.D.Familyholidaysnolongerinteresthim.

6.A.Hisgrandmaisquitefondofthedress.

B.Thesaladanddressingtastesverygood.

C.Thesaladanddressingcan'tmatchhisgrandma's.

D.Hisgrandmacan'tmakedelicioussaladwithdressing.

7.A.Sheisthespeakers'boss.B.SheisnotathomethisSaturday.

C.Sheisnoteasy-going.D.Sheseldominvitespeopletoherhome.

8.A.Thewomandoesn'tlikeSerbia.B.ThewomanhasbeentoSerbia.

C.ThewomanisplanningatriptoSerbia.D.ThewomanhasnoideaaboutSerbia.

9.A.LivewithJaneandSophie.

B.AskSophieaboutheraccommodation.

C.InviteViviantobeherroommate.

D.SharearoomwithJane.

10.A.Theplanewillleaveat3:20.B.Theplane'sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.

C.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.D.Themanisatawrongcheckincounter.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbe

askedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwill

bereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossible

answersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.64years.B.59years.

C.56years.D.46years.

12.A.Developingbetterhealthcaresystems.B.GoingthroughtheCovid19crisis.

C.Easingtheburdentothehealthservices.D.Loweringthepublichealthbudgets.

13.A.WHO'seffectiveworkinAfrica.

B.Developmentofnewhealthpolicies.

C.Measurestoliftpeoplefrompoverty.

D.SuggestionsfbrpublichealtheffortsinAfrica.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Quittingtotalktosomeone.B.Leavingtheofficewithouttellinganyone.

C.Abandoningextraworkduties.D.Stoppingworryingaboutworkperformance.

15.A.Firingthetroubledemployeesquietly.B.Forgettingaboutinactiveworkers.

C.Creatingabettercommunicationculture.D.Buildingadirectsystemofpushingmessages.

16.A.Reasonsbehindanofficeculture.B.Solutionstoaworkplaceconflict.

C.Tipsfbrasuccessfuljobinterview.D.Stepsofbuildingalivelycommunity.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Workingonhispaper.B.Thinkingofaprofessor.

C.Takinganap.D.Lookingfbrareferencebook.

18.A.Itiscomplicating.B.Itisboring.C.Itisinspiring.D.Itischallenging.

19.A.AstudentgavealectureonAmericanRevolution.

B.Theprofessorfailedtoanswerastudent'squestion.

C.TheprofessorshowedhismasteryofAmericanhistory.

D.Astudentwasaskedatoughquestionbytheprofessor.

20.A.ProfessorRiversthinkshighlyofProfessorAnderson.

B.ProfessorRiversisinterestedinwomen'sstudies.

C.ProfessorRiversknowslittleinthisarea.

D.ProfessorRivershasalotofsparetime.

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegiven

word;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

RunnersandCyclistsUseGPSMappingtoMakeArt

Fitnessappsandthepoweroflivesatellitetrackinghaveallowedrunners,cyclistsandotherstodraw

hearts,animals,birthdaywishes-andevenhomagestoVermeer—acrosstheirlocallandscapes.

In1665,JohannesVenneerdabbed(輕涂)thelastdropofpaintontoacanvasinhisDutch

studio,(21)(complete)hismasterpiece“GirlwithaPearlEarring."On

J-BROOKl'

anAprilday357yearslater,JanineStrongslowedherbiketostop,pausedher

fitnessapp,andwatchedasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroute(22)

(draw)theshapeofVermeer'smasterpieceoverthestreetsofBrooklyn.

Ms.Strongcreates(23)hascometobeknownas“GPSart”—a

practice(24)usestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitiesof

modemphoneappslikeStravatocreatedigitaldrawingsusinganathlete'srouteacrossthelandscape.(25)

bikingonastraightpathorincirclesaroundapark,Ms.Strongplansherridesinthe

shapesofbirthdaycakes,stars,birds,lions-andtheoccasionalVermeer.

Thehobbyhasgrownwiththewidespreadavailabilityofsatellitetrackingfbrusebyordinarypeople,

infitnessappslikeNikeRunCluborMapMyRide.ItisnowapopularityonStravaoften(26)(refer)

toas“Stravaart.,,

Stravaarthasexistedsincethatapp'sreleasein2009,butitexperiencedasuddenincreaseinuseduring

thepandemic(疫情).AccordingtoMichaelJoseph,aseniorcommunicationsmanageratthecompany,more

thanthreebillionactivities(27)(upload)toStravasincethebeginningof2020.

Tocompleteherdigitalvisionof“GirlwithaPearlEarring,Ms.Strongbikedalmost50milesaround

southernBrooklyn,carefullycheckingStrava(28)(make)surethateachturn,circle,andstraightaway

wasachievingtheiconicearringandheadcoveringofVenneer^original.4tIalwayshaveabigsmileonmy

face(29)itworksoutandIuploaditandit'sdone,“shesaid."It'safar(30)(satisfying)

feeling.^^

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.explore

G.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbalise

OutdoorPlayBenefitsKids'MentalRestoration

Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayarealreadywellestablished.Ourbrains31in

naturallandscapes,andourpen;乎加R(感知的)systemsareparticularlywellsuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.

Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelof32.whichisthoughttohelprecharge

thebrainwhenitistiredandeasilydistractable.Supportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwith

attention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto33followinga20-minutewalkin

thepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.Beingexposedtograssand

treesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Theauthorsrecommendedusingsuch"doses(劑

量)ofnature"asasafeand34wayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.

Besidesthese35effects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,

playingwithmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement36,which

allowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.

Suchactivities-awayfromthehouseorclassroom-mayalsohelpchildrentofindwaystocopewith

emotionsthatmaybehardto37inotherenvironments.So-called“sandtraytherapy”,whichinvolves

usingsandandclaytoexpressone'sthoughtsandfeelings,isanacceptedformofcounsellingforchildren

whoarestrugglingto38theiremotionalstate.

Whenitcomestothechild'sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybethe

exercise.Achildmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)

39riskofoverweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopment

andfamilysciencesattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.

Thelatestfindings,however,suggesttherecouldbea(n)40ofotheradvantagestoplayingin

naturalenvironments-andthesecretmaybealiveinthemuditself.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Doesareassuringtouchonthebackbringyoucomfortduringatoughday?Anewstudyfinds,whenit

comestotouching,peoplearen'teven41aboutwho'sdoingit.ResearchersinGermanysaythetouch

ofahumanoid（人形的）robotmakespeople42andmorelikelytofollowtheirrequests.

Insteadofbeing43onotherhumans,researchersarehopingthatonedayrobotsmaybeableto

fulfilltherolesoftherapists,personaltrainers,andevenlifecoaches.Theirstudyfollowsthewidespread

increaseoftouch44duringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Severalstudieshavepointedouthowphysical

distancingandisolationiscreatingavarietyofnegativeeffectsthatincreasefeelingsofstress,depression,

andanxiety.

Inthisresearch,48studentsengagedinaconversationwithNAO-aprogrammableresearchrobot.

Duringthecourse,forsomeparticipants,therobotbrieflyandseeminglyrandomly45thebackofthe

participanfshand.

Thisdifferedfromthedesignofotherstudies,whichhavereliedon46touch.Inresponsetothe

robofstouch,mostparticipantssmiledandlaughed,andnone47.Resultsshowthosewhoweretouched

weremorelikelyto48theroboturgingthemtoshowinterestinaparticularacademiccoursediscussed

duringtheconversation.Participantsalsoreportedabetter49stateaftertherobot'staponthehand.50_,

studentswhoweretouchedweremorelikelytogivetherobotahigherscoreforphysicalattractiveness

（althoughtheseparticipantsstillonlyratedpoorNAOa2.5outof5onaverage）.

“Arobotnon-functionaltouch51tohumans,“LauraHoffmannfromRuhrUniversityandher

teamwrite."Slightlytappinghumanparticipants,handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsand

morecompliance（依從）totherequestofahumanoidrobot.”

“Itisremarkablethatsimpleandbrieftaponthebackofparticipants,handsshowedsuchaneffect.

Involvingmorecomplexand52touchingfromarobotmightincreaseengagementandcompliance.^^

Astheresearchersargue,thissmallstudy-oneofthefirsttoexaminethe53ofrobot-initiated

touch-suggeststhatthroughtheuseofcomfortingtouches,robottherapistscouldbetter54patients

toengageinhealthyactivitiessuchasexercise.However,theycautionthatmuchabouthuman-robot55

arecomplex,withtherestillmoretobelearnedaboutthedifferencebetweenhumanandrobottouch.

41.A.curiousB.crazyC.pickyD.certain

42.A.happierB.freerC.morestressedD.morefrightened

43.A.hardB.dependentC.impressedD.based

44.A.completionB.formationC.imaginationD.starvation

45.A.watchedB.pattedC.cleanedD.blocked

46.A.human-initiatedB.time-pressedC.technique-basedD.goal-oriented

47.A.madeoutB.thoughtbackC.pulledawayD.setoff

48.A.lookoverB.goalongwithC.takeoffD.standupagainst

49.A.physicalB.emotionalC.financialD.social

50.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.Still

51.A.mattersB.seesC.relatesD.gets

52.A.warmerB.longerC.morefriendlyD.moreforceful

53.A.theoryB.historyC.trendD.potential

54.A.warnB.persuadeC.forceD.control

55.A.similaritiesB.conflictsC.constructionsD.interactions

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbest

accordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Iknowpeoplewhosaytheydon'twatchtelevision,andIalwaysnodandagree.Readingrequires

intelligence,andtelevisionismerelyentertainment,right?

I'mgoingtoScotlandthisyear,andthreedifferentpeopletoldme1mustwatch“Outlander"beforeI

go,whichislike“GameofThrones"forfansofromancenovels.Iwatchedthefirstfourhourlongepisodes

backtoback.WhenIstoodupfromthecouch1feltsick,anditwasn'tjustthecookies,popcornandpeanut

buttersandwichesI'dhadwithoutnoticing.Itwasdarkoutside,andIfeltashamed.Ihadspenthalfadayon

thecouch.ResearchforScotland?Notexactly.

AfewdayslaterIhadalibrarybookdue:TheNationalBookAwardwinnerTheFriend,bySigrid

Nunez.Ineededtofinishit,soIreadthelasthalfstraightthrough.IwasabsorbedinNunez'sNewYorkCity,

worryingabouttheheroin'scareerandherfuture.Ifinishedthebookwithtearsinmyeyesandstoodup

feeling,well,great.

Ihadwastedanotherfourhoursonmycouch.Ihadn'teatenasmuchjunkfoodbecauseIneededmy

handsfree—andnotsticky—soIcouldturnpagesandreturnthebooktothelibraryrelativelyclean,butI

hadn'tmovedandonceagainitwasdarkoutside.WhydidIfeelsomuchbetterandguilt-free?

Alltheresearchsaysreadingabookisgoodforyou.Itreducesstress,promotescomprehensionand

imagination,relievesdepression,helpsyousleepandmaycontributetopreventingAlzheimer's.Theactof

physicallyturningapagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetowork

totranslatetheblacksquiggles(彎彎曲曲的線條)onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaning

andintentofthosewords.Whenacharacterisdescribedastallwithbrownhair,areadercreatesherown

picture.TVtakesallthatimaginationaway.

Butthere'salotofgoodTVnow.TdliketosaytheanswertoTVversusbooksmustbe,asAristotle

said,^Moderationinallthings,thoughheneverhadatelevisionoracomputerandhadtoreadhisscrolls

(長卷紙)bycandlelight.Iagreethattoomuchtelevisionisbadforyou.IknowIfeelbetterifIread,butit

won'tstopmefromwatchingtoo:MysecondDVDof“Outlander“hasjustarrived,andassoonasIgetthis

essaydone,therestofmydayisfree.

56.By“Ialwaysnodandagree”(paragraph1),theauthorimpliesthat.

A.sheshouldbepolitetogettheconversationtogoon

B.sheisreluctanttoadmitthatshewatchestelevision

C.shebelievesthosewhosaytheydon'twatchTV

D.shedoesn'tthinkhighlyofTVeither

57.Thephrase“backtoback”(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto"

A.frommorningtillnight

B.oneafteranotherwithoutabreak

C.leaningagainstthebackofthecouch

D.lookingattheoppositedirection

58.TheauthorfeltbetterafterreadingTheFriendthanwatching“Outlander",mostprobablybecause

A.shedidn'tfeelhungryfbranysnacks

B.theTVseriesgothertocancelhertriptoScotland

C.thetelevisionserieswasnomoreattractivethanthebook

D.sheregardedreadingasmorerewardingthanwatchingTV

59.Whatcanbeconcludedfromalltheresearchintroducedinparagraph5?

A.ReadingisactivewhilewatchingTVispassive.

B.ReadinginvolvesphysicalexerciseswhilewatchingTVdoesn't.

C.ReadingstimulatesthebraintoconcentratewhilewatchingTVdoesn't.

D.Readingisgoodfbrone'smentalhealthwhilewatchingTVisbadfbrit.

(B)

GuidelinesforPosterPresentations

Date:Friday28October

Time:13.00-14.20(Presentersarerequiredtobebytheirpostersby12.55sharp.)

PosterSessionFormat

-Thepostersessionisaself-explanatoryexhibitwherethepresenter(s)is/areavailablefbrone-on-one

discussion.

-Allthein-personposterpresentationswilltakeplaces加“〃即儀(同時進行的).Seebelow

fbr

specificdetailsofonlineposterpresentations.

PosterdesignandLayout

-Eachpostershouldmeasureabout90x120cm(36x48inches).

-Thetextsandillustrationsshouldbereadablefrom150cm(about5feet)away.

-Posterscanbehand-writtenorprintedincolour/blackandwhite.

Set-upandRemoval

-Posterswillbedisplayedbyfixingthemonboards/wallsprovided.Youwillbegiventhenecessarytools

tocarryoutthistask.

-Presentersarerequiredtohangtheirpostersduringthelunchbreak(12:00-13:00)onFriday28October

andremovethemafterthesession(14:20).

-Presentersareresponsiblefbrtheset-upandremovaloftheirownposters.Staffwillalsobeintheposter

areatoassistyou.

-Eachposterpresentationwillbenumberedintheprogrammeschedule.Posternumberswillalsobe

shownonthedisplayboards.Makesuretheposterisfixedunderthecorrectnumber.

-Playingofloudaudioorvideoclipsisnotallowed,keepinginmindthenoiselevelinthehall.

Foronlineposterpresentations:

-Onceyourposterisready,takeagoodpictureofitandsendittousatleastoneweekbeforethe

conference.We'lltakeaprintoutofthisanddisplayitliketheotherposters.Thiswillhelptheaudience

intheHallinChennaitolookatthembeforetheycanlogintoyourpresentationattheassignedtime.

-Duringposterpresentationwhoeverwouldliketointeractwithyouwilllogintoyoursession.Thiswill

befortheentiredurationofthepresentationwithbriefexplanationsandQ&Ainterspersed(穿插)with

eachother.Participantscanmovearoundtootherposterpresentationsduringthisperiod,bothonline

andin-person.

60.Accordingtotheguidelines,thepostershavetobe.

A.handwrittenonpaperinblackandwhite

B.hungonthewallsofaspecificareainthehall

C.easilyrecognizablefromfivemetersaway

D.numberedbyanon-sitestaffmember

61.Whichofthefollowingisaspecificrequirementforonlineposterpresenters?

A.Theyshouldremainonlinefortheentire100minutes.

B.Theyshouldgetreadyforpresentationatexactlyl2:55.

C.Theyneedtosendane-versionoftheirposterstotheorganizer.

D.Theywillberequiredtogiveexplanationsoranswerquestions.

62.Thepassageismeantfor.

A.peoplewhohaveunsolvedquestionstoconsultabout

B.peoplewhoareinterestedinvisitinganexhibition

C.peoplewhoareskilledatmakinggoodposters

D.peoplewhowanttoexhibittheirposters

(C)

Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsight

intoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferences

datebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.

Researchshowsthataperson'sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthanto

socialclass,age,orgender.

Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled“openness“isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsare

interestedinart.Ontheotherside,thosewhoidentifyas"conscientious(——絲不茍的)”,areoftenlessdrawn

tothearts.ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacentury

ofresearch.

Themodelclaimsthateachpersonalityiscomposedofacombinationoffivecoretraits:openness,

conscientiousness,extroversion(enjoyingbeingwithotherpeople),agreeableness(beingpleasant)and

neuroticism(feelingworriedandnervous).Ratherthanstatingapersonasbeingeithershyoroutgoing,the

BigFiveModelbelievesthateveryoneliessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.

Personalitytraitsmayalsoaffectthewaypeoplevisuallyscanart.A2018studytrackedparticipants,

eyemovementsastheystudiedabstractartwork.Themajorityofparticipantsconcentratedontheupper-right

part.Thismakessense,astherighthalfofthebrainisspecializedfbrvisualandspatialprocessing,andalso

playsasignificantroleinprocessingtheemotionsthatartdrawsout.However,participantswhotended

towardneuroticismfocusedontheleftsideofthepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattention

tothebottomofthepicture.

Evenwiththeimpressiveamountofresearchintotherelationshipbetweenpeople'spersonalitytraits

andtheirlovefbrart,therearestillholesinthetheories.Forinstance,somescientistsclaimthattheBigFive

Modeldoesn'ttranslateacrossculturesandismainlytargetedtowardthoselivingindevelopednations.Also,

moststudieshavefocusedontwo-dimensionalart,likepaintings,andhaven'tyetcaptureddiffering

preferencesfbrthevarietyofmediathatexistaroundtheworld.Thenthere'sthefactthatourartpreferences

changeovertimeandareinformedbyourages,relationshipsandlifeexperiences.

People'spreferencesfbrartarenearlyascomplicatedasartitself.Butifyou'relookingfbraquicktest

ofsomeone'sgeneralpersonalitytraits,itdoesn'thurttoglanceatwhat'shangingontheirwalls.

63.Whichofthefollowingisthebestillustrationof“artisintheeyeofthebeholder,,inparagraph1?

A.Wejudgeapieceofartbasedonwhetheritisconsideredbeautiful.

B.Thebeautyofapieceofartworkdependsonitsqualityandprice.

C.Theowneroftheartworkistheonewholovesitthemost.

D.Whetheranartworkisappealingisasubjectivematter.

64.Theshadowedareaineachofthefollowingpicturesisthepartapersonfocusesonwhenenjoyingan

abstractpainting.Accordingtothe2018study,whichbestillustratestheperceptionofapersonwhotends

tobeinanxiety?口□

65.mWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheBigFiveModel?

A.Itisagloballyacceptedmeasuringsystem.

B.Everyonecanfitintooneofthefivecategories.

C.Thereismuchevidenceofscientificstudiestobackit.

D.Itcanexplainthechangeinourartpreferenceovertime.

66.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?

B.Howtorevealone'spersonalitytraits?

C.Whydoweliketheartworkwelike?

D.Howtodiscoveryourartpreference?

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Infact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.

B.TherecentattackagainstTwittershouldunderscoretheneedfbrdata-centricsecurity.

C.Fordevelopers,thisvulnerabilityalsoshowsthere'sstillaneedfbrproperinputvalidationandensure

thatanyrequestisauthorized.

D.Hackerslovethatdefendersaredistractedanddon'tfocusappropriateresourcesonthenumberone

threat.

E.Organizationsshouldmakeajointefforttoprotectthesensitivedatafromexploitation.

F.Thisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.

SocialEngineering

Whenusingsocialmedia,manyusersmaynotbethinkingofthesocialengineeringimplicationsthat

canarisewithtoomuchover-sharingofpersonalinformation.However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaint

averyvividpictureofaperson-whichcanthenbemisusedbyhackers.

“67Socialengineeringisthenumberonecauseofmostspitefuldatabreaches()Jsaid

RogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4."Nothingelseisevenclose,

percentage-wise,,,Grimeswarned,"Nearlyeveryorganizationcouldbestimprovetheircybersecurity

defenseplansiftheyfocusedfarmoreonreducingthelikelihoodofsocialengineering.Noothersingle

defensecoulddomoretoprotectanorganizationagainsthackingandmalware(惡意軟件)

“Everyorganizationshouldlooktoseewhattheycanimproveintheirdefense-in-depthplan(e.g.,

policies,technicaldefenses,andeducation)todefeatsocialengineering.Itisbecausealmostnoorganization

appropriatelyfocusesthenecessaryresourcesandtrainingagainstsocialengineeringthatallowshackersand

malwaretobesolong-termsuccessful.68

Thesecurityexpertswarnthateveninthecontextof“socialmediaJusersshouldn'tlettheirguard

down.69"Asindividuals,weareawareofthepersonalthreatsposedbycyberattacksdirected

againstus,?,suggestedErfan,cybersecurityexpertatdatasecurityComfbrteAG."Toavoidbeingvictimized,

ifsbesttooperateunderthemindsetthatdigitalfootprintsexisteverywhereandcanneverbecompletely

wipedout.”

“Asmembersofbusinessesandorganizations,weknowthatenterprisedataisalwaysatemptingtarget

fbrhackers,Erfancontinued."70Preventingattacksandbreachesisnot100percentfool-proof,

sowecanonlyhopethatbigtechshaveinstitutedthemeasuresofdata-centricsecurityapplieddirectlyto

dataincasethatsensitiveinformationfallsintothewronghands.^^

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

71.AreOceansSil