Module3路由技術(shù)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)技術(shù)》任務(wù)3.9

OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置流程OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置命令通過OSPF多區(qū)域部署，可以減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)中LSA的流量，將路由器的LSDB規(guī)模限制在區(qū)域內(nèi)，但隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，路由表的規(guī)模依然會很龐大。通過配置末梢區(qū)域可以進(jìn)一步減少路由表規(guī)模和路由信息傳遞的數(shù)量。本次任務(wù)介紹OSPF協(xié)議的4種末節(jié)區(qū)域特征，通過末節(jié)區(qū)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化OSPF運(yùn)行環(huán)境。任務(wù)背景準(zhǔn)備知識1.OSPF特殊區(qū)域特殊區(qū)域Stub

區(qū)域不允許發(fā)布自治系統(tǒng)外部路由；也不允許接收外部路由相關(guān)的4類和5類LSA；可以接收區(qū)域間路由的3類LSA及該區(qū)域ABR發(fā)布3類LSA默認(rèn)路由。末梢區(qū)域下LSA過濾情況1.OSPF特殊區(qū)域特殊區(qū)域TotallyStub區(qū)域在末梢區(qū)域特征的基礎(chǔ)上，不再接收區(qū)域間路由的3類LSA。完全末梢區(qū)域下LSA過濾情況1.OSPF特殊區(qū)域特殊區(qū)域NSSA

區(qū)域（Not-So-StubbyArea）允許發(fā)布自治系統(tǒng)外部路由，形成7類LSA，ABR將7類LSA轉(zhuǎn)化成5類LSA注入到Area0；不接收自治系統(tǒng)外部路由相關(guān)的4類和5類LSA；接收區(qū)域間路由的3類LSA；接受該區(qū)域ABR發(fā)布的7類LSA默認(rèn)路由。NSSA區(qū)域下LSA過濾情況1.OSPF特殊區(qū)域特殊區(qū)域完全NSSA區(qū)域該區(qū)域是在NSSA區(qū)域特征基礎(chǔ)上，不再接收區(qū)域間路由的3類LSA，只接收該區(qū)域ABR發(fā)布3類和7類LSA默認(rèn)路由；存在兩種類型的默認(rèn)路由，路由表體現(xiàn)的是3類默認(rèn)路由。完全NSSA區(qū)域下LSA過濾情況1.OSPF特殊區(qū)域特殊區(qū)域歸納下各種OSPF區(qū)域允許的LSA類型：常規(guī)區(qū)域允許1-5類LSA；Stub區(qū)域允許1-3類LSA和3類LSA默認(rèn)路由；Totallystub區(qū)域允許1-2類LSA和3類LSA默認(rèn)路由；NSSA允許1-3類LSA和3類、7類LSA默認(rèn)路由；TotallyNSSA允許1-2類LSA和3類、7類LSA默認(rèn)路由。OSPF區(qū)域允許的LSA類型LSA類型區(qū)域類型Type-1Type-2Type-3Type-4Type-5Type-7常規(guī)區(qū)域√√√√√×Stub區(qū)域√√√×××TotallyStub區(qū)域√√××××NSSA√√√××√TotallyNSSA√√×××√2.OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置流程OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置流程如下：特殊區(qū)域的ABR配置區(qū)域類型（末梢/完全末梢/NSSA/完全NSSA區(qū)域）；區(qū)域內(nèi)所有路由器配置對應(yīng)區(qū)域類型。（1）配置末梢/完全末梢區(qū)域命令：stub[no-summary]說明：配置末梢區(qū)域，區(qū)域內(nèi)的所有路由器都需配置stub命令；配置完全末梢區(qū)域，需在ABR上配置no-summary命令視圖：OSPF區(qū)域視圖舉例1：將OSPF進(jìn)程1下的區(qū)域1設(shè)置為末梢區(qū)域。假設(shè)該區(qū)域包含R1、R2。R1為ABR。舉例2：將OSPF進(jìn)程1下的區(qū)域1設(shè)置為完全末梢區(qū)域。假設(shè)該區(qū)域包含R1、R2。R1為ABR。[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub3.OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置命令[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stubno-summary[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub（2）配置NSSA/完全NSSA區(qū)域命令：nssa[no-summary]說明：配置NSSA區(qū)域，區(qū)域內(nèi)的所有路由器都需配置nssa；配置完全NSSA區(qū)域，需在ABR上配置no-summary命令視圖：OSPF區(qū)域視圖舉例1：將OSPF進(jìn)程1下的區(qū)域1設(shè)置為NSSA區(qū)域。假設(shè)該區(qū)域包含R1、R2。R1為ABR。舉例2：將OSPF進(jìn)程1下的區(qū)域1設(shè)置為完全NSSA區(qū)域。假設(shè)該區(qū)域包含R1、R2。R1為ABR。[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssa[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssa3.OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置命令[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssano-summary[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssa4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（1）掌握OSPF特殊區(qū)域的分類及區(qū)別；（2）掌握OSPF特殊區(qū)域的配置方法。（一）任務(wù)目的

某公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)為總-分支結(jié)構(gòu)，計劃部署OSPF多區(qū)域來實現(xiàn)全網(wǎng)連通。考慮到分支機(jī)構(gòu)眾多，為進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化各分支機(jī)構(gòu)路由設(shè)備的路由表，網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員決定采用OSPF特殊區(qū)域來規(guī)劃分支機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。（二）任務(wù)描述（1）拓?fù)鋱D（2）操作流程配置路由器及PC的IP地址；各路由器啟動OSPF進(jìn)程，按照區(qū)域規(guī)劃，接口分別激活OSPF協(xié)議；配置特殊區(qū)域，簡化路由表。（三）實施規(guī)劃4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R1]intg0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.12.124[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intg0/0/1[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd10.0.13.124[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]intg0/0/2[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd10.0.15.124R1配置：[R2]intg0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.12.224[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intg0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd10.0.24.224[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]intg0/0/2[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd10.0.26.224R2配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R3]intg0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.13.324[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R3-LoopBack0]ipadd3.3.3.332R3配置：[R4]intg0/0/0[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.24.424[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R4-LoopBack0]ipadd4.4.4.432R4配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R5]intg0/0/0[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.15.524[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R5-LoopBack0]ipadd5.5.5.532R5配置：[R6]intg0/0/0[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.26.624[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R6-LoopBack0]ipadd6.6.6.632R6配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R1]ospf1router-id1.1.1.1[R1-ospf-1]area0[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.0.12.00.0.0.255[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area3[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network10.0.13.00.0.0.255[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]area5[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]network10.0.15.00.0.0.255R1配置：[R2]ospf1router-id2.2.2.2[R2-ospf-1]area0[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.0.12.00.0.0.255[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area4[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network10.0.24.00.0.0.255[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]area6[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]network10.0.26.00.0.0.255R2配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R3]ospf1router-id3.3.3.3[R3-ospf-1]area3[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network10.0.13.00.0.0.255[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network3.3.3.30.0.0.0R3配置：[R4]ospf1router-id4.4.4.4[R4-ospf-1]area4[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network10.0.24.00.0.0.255[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network4.4.4.40.0.0.0R4配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R5]ospf1router-id5.5.5.5[R5-ospf-1]area5[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]network10.0.15.00.0.0.255[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]network5.5.5.50.0.0.0R5配置：[R6]ospf1router-id6.6.6.6[R6-ospf-1]area6[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]network10.0.26.00.0.0.255[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]network6.6.6.60.0.0.0R6配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R1-ospf-1]area3[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]stub//將區(qū)域3設(shè)置為Stub區(qū)域

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]area5[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]nssa//將區(qū)域5設(shè)置為NSSA區(qū)域R1配置：[R3-ospf-1]area3[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]stubR3配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域[R5-ospf-1]area5[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]nssaR5配置：4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（四）操作步驟配置OSPF多區(qū)域配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)[R2-ospf-1]area4[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]stubno-summary//將區(qū)域4設(shè)為TotallyStub區(qū)域[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]area6[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]nssano-summary//將區(qū)域4設(shè)為TotallyNSSAR2配置：[R4-ospf-1]area4[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]stubR4配置：配置OSPF特殊區(qū)域[R6-ospf-1]area6[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]nssaR6配置：4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R1]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:6Routes:6OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:6Routes:6Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

3.3.3.3/32OSPF101D10.0.13.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1

4.4.4.4/32OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0

5.5.5.5/32OSPF101D10.0.15.5GigabitEthernet0/0/2

6.6.6.6/32OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R1查看OSPF路由信息：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R2]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:6Routes:6OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:6Routes:6Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

3.3.3.3/32OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

4.4.4.4/32OSPF101D10.0.24.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1

5.5.5.5/32OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

6.6.6.6/32OSPF101D10.0.26.6GigabitEthernet0/0/210.0.13.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R2查看OSPF路由信息：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R3]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface4.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R3查看OSPF路由信息（常規(guī)區(qū)域）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R3]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:8Routes:8OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:8Routes:8Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/04.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R3查看OSPF路由信息（Stub區(qū)域）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R4]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface3.3.3.3/32OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R4查看OSPF路由信息（常規(guī)區(qū)域）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R4]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:1Routes:1OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:1Routes:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R4查看OSPF路由信息（TotallyStub）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R5]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface3.3.3.3/32OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/04.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R5查看OSPF路由信息（常規(guī)區(qū)域）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R5]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:8Routes:8OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:8Routes:8Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0O_NSSA1501D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

3.3.3.3/32OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

4.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

6.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R5查看OSPF路由信息（NSSA區(qū)域）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R6]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface3.3.3.3/32OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/04.4.4.4/32OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R6查看OSPF路由信息（常規(guī)區(qū)域）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R6]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:1Routes:1OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:1Routes:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R6查看OSPF路由信息（TotallyNSSA）：

連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R3]ping-a3.3.3.34.4.4.4PING4.4.4.4:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom4.4.4.4:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=253time=40msReplyfrom4.4.4.4:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=253time=20msReplyfrom4.4.4.4:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=253time=20ms......[R3]ping-a3.3.3.35.5.5.5PING5.5.5.5:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom5.5.5.5:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=30msReplyfrom5.5.5.5:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=30msReplyfrom5.5.5.5:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=20ms......[R3]ping-a3.3.3.36.6.6.6PING6.6.6.6:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom6.6.6.6:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=253time=40msReplyfrom6.6.6.6:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=253time=30msReplyfrom6.6.6.6:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=253time=10ms......R3的3.3.3.3ping4.4.4.4；5.5.5.5；6.6.6.6：連通性測試4.任務(wù)實施：OSPF特殊區(qū)域配置（五）實驗測試查看OSPF路由信息[R4]ping-a4