4、語篇型語法填空題的微技能訓練宏觀語篇1語篇的題材與體裁2語篇的主旨要義

3語篇的寫作意圖與評價

4語篇的語境分析與判斷

5語篇的相關內容的銜接與連貫

6語篇的推理與判斷

7語篇的功能微觀語篇1語篇的詞匯銜接

重復、省略、代替、同義、近義、反義、上義和下義、搭配、主題詞匯、詞匯鏈等

2語篇的語法銜接

語用基礎知識、單詞的詞性、動詞的時態與語態、名詞的單復數、指稱的銜接（上指與下指）、連接詞（連接代詞與連接副詞）、冠詞（定冠詞、不定冠詞與零冠詞）、非謂語動詞、獨立主格結構、關系詞（關系代詞與關系副詞）、疑問詞（疑問代詞與疑問副詞）、短語搭配、情態動詞、虛擬語氣、形容詞、副詞（原級、比較級和最高級）、代詞（人稱代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等）、介詞、簡單句、并列句、復合句、疑問句、倒裝句、反義疑問句、強調句等

微觀語篇3確認并識別語篇所使用的交際功能概念的功能、語篇的功能、人際的功能4識別語篇標記邏輯關聯符號、邏輯關聯手段、銜接與連貫的手段與標記4、語篇型語法填空題的實戰訓練如果能進行及時的、相應的微技能訓練，不僅能提高閱讀理解能力，同時又能提高在語篇中加大對語法基礎知識的靈活運用，培養在語篇中學習語法、感受語法、運用語法的敏感性，最終培養綜合運用語言的能力。

下面以英語科高考2007年B篇閱讀理解題為例，試分析“語篇型語法填空題”的微技能訓練

Firstdosomelisteningandtrytofindoutwhatthetextismainlyabout.A.readingabilityB.readingscoresC.practiceinreadingD.testsofreading文章選材：2007年閱讀理解B篇Somepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcanbedoneabouttheirpoorreadingability.Theyfeelhopelessaboutit.Canyoulearntoreadbetter,ormustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?Tobesure,peoplearedifferent.Youcannotexpecttodoeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo.Ifallthestudentsinaclasstriedoutforbasketball,somewouldbeverygoodplayers;otherswouldbeverypoor;andmanywouldbeinbetween.Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice.Itisthesamewithreading.Someseemtoenjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp.Othersfindreadingaslowandtiringjob.Inbetween,therearealldegreesofreadingability.Manyexperimentshaveshownthatjustabouteverypoorreadercanimprovehisreadingability.Intheseexperiments,thepoorreadersweregiventestsofreadingability.Aftersomeofthecausesoftheirpoorreadingwerediscovered,theyweregivenspecialinstructionandpracticeinreading.Afterafewmonths,anothertestofthesamekindwasgiven.Innearlyallcases,thesepeoplehaveraisedtheirreadingscores.以下是宏觀語篇的技能訓練題材與體裁文章的寫作手法演繹法、歸納法能預測下文作者的態度、意圖與觀點作者舉例的目的作者得出的結論與提出的問題有何關系文章是否達到說明文的意圖1.What’sthegenreofthetext?文章的體裁是什么？A.Narration.記敘文B.Exposition.說明文答案：B.說明文本文是說明事理的文章作者按照邏輯思維組織思想，說明自己的看法。運用假設、比擬、實驗的方式來說明事理，表達自己的觀點。2.What’sthetopicsentenceinthetext？A.Youcanlearntoreadbetter.B.Nothingcanbedoneaboutthepoorreadingability.答案：A.Youcanlearntoreadbetter.3.文章的寫作手法是什么？A.歸納法(從實例到結論）B.演繹法(從結論到實例）答案：B.演繹法

采用了演繹的寫作手法：對要在文章中說明的人或事先作一個概括性的介紹：

Somepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcanbedoneabouttheirpoorreadingability.（為開頭）4.從作者提出的兩種觀點中，你能預測下文嗎？作者提出的兩種觀點：Canyoulearntoreadbetter,ormustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?5.Whydidtheauthorusetheexampleofbasketballplayers?答案：toshowthattherearedifferencesinpeople’sabilities.peoplearedifferent.(point)Itisthesamewithreading.(conclusion)6.Howdoestheauthorexplainthefollowingconclusion?作者先得出概括性的結論：（采用了演繹的手法）Manyexperimentshaveshownthatjustabouteverypoorreadercanimprovehisreadingability.答案：Theauthorexplainhisconclusionbyshowingtheseexperiments.1gavethepoorreaderstestsofreadingability;2discovered

someofthecausesoftheirpoorreading;3gavethemspecialinstructionandpracticeinreading;4gavethemanothertestofthesamekindafterafewmonths;結論Innearlyallcases,thesepeopleraisedtheirreadingscores.7.Howdidthepoorreadersimprovetheirreadingabilityaccordingtotheexperiment

?答案：Theyimprovedtheirreadingabilityaftertheyweregivenlotsofdifferentguidelines,helpandpractice.8.Whatdoyouknowfromtheexperimentsmentionedinthelastparagraph?答案：Theexperimentsshowusthatalmostallpoorreaderscanmakeprogress.(…canraisetheirreadingscores;…canimprovetheirreadingability;…canbecomemuchbetterreaders;…canlearntoreadbetter)Almosteverypoorreaderscanimprovehis/herreadingability.Ifyou’reapoorreader,don’tworryaboutit.You’llbecomeabetterreaderifyou’reguidedintherightway.Everypoorreadercanmakeprogressinreadingifhegetssomespecialhelpandpractice.9.What’sthemeaningoftheconclusion?

Innearlyallcases,thesepeopleraisedtheirreadingscores.答案：Theconclusionwiththeauthor’spointhasaverycohesiveend-to-endfunction.Cohesiveend-to-endfunctiontheauthor’spointtheconclusionCanyoulearntoreadbetter,ormustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?Innearlyallcases,thesepeoplehaveraisedtheirreadingscores.結論：作者采用了首尾呼應，畫龍點睛的結尾方式，巧妙地回答了第一段開頭時所提出的第一種觀點的問題：

既然是…raisedtheirreadingscores…

就能…learntoreadbetter…10.Whomightfindthetextespeciallyinformative?

A.basketballplayersB.poorplayersC.slowreadersD.poorreaders答案：poorreaders以下是微觀語篇的訓練詞匯銜接（重復、省略、近義詞、反義詞、搭配、短語）指稱（前指、后指）組織修辭手段（因果、假定、轉折、類比、對比、時空）語法銜接（陳述句、選擇疑問句、復合句、時態、語態、虛擬語氣Pleasedothefollowingexercises.Exerciseone:Trytofillinthefollowingtable.Exerciseone（referencecohesion指稱銜接）reference指稱referstosomethingorsomebodyWhatitreferstoparagraphanaphora前指cataphora后指it(thefirst)1it(thesecond)1they2they3Exerciseone:參考答案reference指稱referstosomethingorsomebodyWhatitreferstoparagraphanaphora前指cataphora后指it(thefirst)√theirpoorreadingability

1it(thesecond)√theirpoorreadingability1they√theverypoorplayers

2they√thepoorreaders3ExercisetwoTrytofindoutthewords,expressionsorsentencesinthetextandthencompletethetable.Exercisetwowords,expressionsorsentencessynonym同義、近義antonym反義ellipsis省略beguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice

justabout

improveone’sreadingability

enjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp

…doeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo…Exercisetwo:答案words,expressionsorsentencessynonym同義、近義antonym反義ellipsis省略beguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice

begivenspecialinstructionandpracticejustabout

nearlyimproveone’sreadingability

raiseone’sreadingscores

enjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp

findreadingaslowandtiringjob

…doeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo……doeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledoeverythingwellExercisethreeReadthetextandthencompletethetableExercisethreewords,expressionsorsentenceswordcollocation詞語搭配readplayafterExercisethree：答案words,expressionsorsentenceswordcollocation詞語搭配readpoorreadingability、readbetter、enjoyreading、readwell、poorreader、improveone’sreadingability、testsofreadingability、practiceinreading、raiseone’sreadingscores、findreadingaslowandtiringjobplaygoodplayers、poorplayers、betterplayers

、afterAftersomeofthecausesoftheirpoorreadingwerediscovered…Afterafewmonths…Exercisefour:Trytofindouttherepetitionwords、expressions、sentencesandphrasesandsentencepatternsinthetextandwritethemdown.Exercisefour:答案repetitionwords、expressionsorsentencespeople、reading、readingability、nothingcanbedoneabout…

、wouldbe、players、poor、inbetween、experimentspoorreader、were/wasgiven、afterphrasesorsentencepatternstobesuretryoutfor…inbetweenbeguidedintherightwayplentyofitisthesamewith…enjoyreadingthereare…justabouttestsofreadingabilitybegiven…inreadinginallcasesraiseone’sscoresExercisefiveReadthesesentencescarefullyandtrytojudgewhatkindofdiscourserhetoricalorganizationtheybelongto.Exercisefive：words、expressionsorsentencesAdversative轉折Causeandeffect因果Supposition假定（假設）Compareandcontrast（對比與比較）Analogy(類比）Chronological（時間）Ifallthestudentsinaclasstriedoutforbasketball,somewouldbeverygoodplayers;otherswouldbeverypoor;andmanywouldbeinbetween.Tobesure,peoplearedifferent.（So）Youcannotexpecttodoeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo.Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice.Itisthesamewithreading.Aftersomeofthecausesoftheirpoorreadingwerediscovered,theyweregivenspecialinstructionandpracticeinreading.Afterafewmonths,anothertestofthesamekindwasgiven.Someseemtoenjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp.（But）Othersfindreadingaslowandtiringjob.Exercisefive答案：words、expressionsorsentencesAdversative轉折Causeandeffect因果Supposition假定（假設）Compareandcontrast（對比與比較）Analogy(類比）Chronological（時間）Ifallthestudentsinaclasstriedoutforbasketball,somewouldbeverygoodplayers;otherswouldbeverypoor;andmanywouldbeinbetween.√Tobesure,peoplearedifferent.（So）Youcannotexpecttodoeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo.√Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice.√√Itisthesamewithreading.√Aftersomeofthecausesoftheirpoorreadingwerediscovered,theyweregivenspecialinstructionandpracticeinreading.Afterafewmonths,anothertestofthesamekindwasgiven.√Someseemtoenjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp.（But）Othersfindreadingaslowandtiringjob.ExercisesixTrytojudgethefollowingtypesofsentencesandcompletethetable.ExercisesixsentencesAffirmativesentences陳述句Selectivesentences選擇疑問句Complexsentences復合句Tobesure,peoplearedifferent.Canyoulearntoreadbetter,ormustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?justabouteverypoorreadercanimprovehisreadingability.Manyexperimentshaveshownthatjustabouteverypoorreadercanimprovehisreadingability.Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice.Somepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcanbedoneabouttheirpoorreadingability.Exerciseseven:sentencesActiveverbsPassiveverbsSomepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcanbedoneabouttheirpoorreadingability.…ormustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?Youcannotexpecttodoeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo.Intheseexperiments,thepoorreadersweregiventestsofreadingability.

Manyexperimentshaveshownthatjustabouteverypoorreadercanimprovehisreadingability.Aftersomeofthecausesoftheirpoorreadingwerediscovered,theyweregivenspecialinstructionandpracticeinreading.

Someseemtoenjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp.

Exerciseseven:答案sentencesActiveverbsPassiveverbsSomepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcanbedoneabouttheirpoorreadingability.√√…ormustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?√√Youcannotexpecttodoeverythingaswellascertainotherpeopledo.√Intheseexperiments,thepoorreadersweregiventestsofreadingability.

√Aftersomeofthecausesoftheirpoorreadingwerediscovered,theyweregivenspecialinstructionandpracticeinreading.

√Manyexperimentshaveshownthatjustabouteverypoorreadercanimprovehisreadingability.√Someseemtoenjoyreadingandtoreadwellwithoutanyspecialhelp.

√語篇型語法填空題的實戰訓練

以下短文共設10個空，其中7個給出了提示詞，請根據句意使用恰當的詞填空，且詞性和詞形要正確；另外3個空沒有給出任何提示，請根據語篇邏輯填空：注意：每空填入的單詞數量不得多于3個。Somepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcan1(doing)abouttheirpoorreadingability.Theyfeelhopelessabout2.Canyoulearntoreadbetter,3mustyouagreethatnothingcanbedoneaboutit?Tobesure,peoplearedifferent.Youcannotexpect