研究生基礎(chǔ)綜合英語課后翻譯Unit1textAP22我基本是一個(gè)空想社會(huì)改良家，在教這門課之前我將孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)能力差歸咎于毒品、離婚和其他妨礙注意力集中的東西，要想學(xué)習(xí)好就必須集中注意力。我的小兒子是個(gè)世界級(jí)的萬人迷，學(xué)習(xí)不怎么動(dòng)腦筋卻總能蒙混過關(guān)。直到施蒂夫特夫人當(dāng)了他的老師，這種局面才徹底改變了。但我在夜校中看見了一群憤怒、怨恨的學(xué)生，他們憤恨的原因是學(xué)校讓他們一路混，直到他們甚至都無法再假裝跟得上。這些學(xué)生智力水平至少也算中等，但最終都退學(xué)了，他們總結(jié)說自己太笨，學(xué)不下去了似乎沒有人停下了想想看，無論孩子們來自何種環(huán)境，他們當(dāng)中大多數(shù)若不是發(fā)現(xiàn)情況到了危急關(guān)頭，才不會(huì)把功課當(dāng)做頭等大事呢。他們寧可混日子。年輕人往往不夠成熟，不會(huì)像我的成人學(xué)生們那樣重視教育這表明老師和家長(zhǎng)都對(duì)學(xué)生有信心，相信他們能夠?qū)W好發(fā)給他們的學(xué)習(xí)材料。UNIT2TEXTBWhydosomeadultswhohavehadbadexperiencesdecidetokillmyhappinesswithnastyremarksinsteadofjustsayingcongratulations.為什么幾個(gè)有過不幸經(jīng)歷的成年人非要說那些難聽的話來扼殺我的幸福，而不是就送上幾句祝福呢Iknowallabouttheheartache:thatchildrencanstrainamarriage,thatmoneyissuescanblowup,thatacouplecanlosetheirconnection,thatjobstresscantakeatollandthatchangingandgrowingoldercanaidinthedissolutionofwhatoncewasreallove.我知道那些令人頭痛的事：小孩子能拖垮婚姻，經(jīng)濟(jì)的問題也會(huì)爆發(fā)，夫妻之間不再情感交流，工作壓力能造成傷害，人是不斷變化的而且越來越老，這都會(huì)為解除當(dāng)年的真愛起到推波助瀾的作用Youneverknowwherelifewilltakeyou,butIthinkitisadangerousassumptionthatamarriagecanneverworkout,orthatitisn’tworthatry.你永遠(yuǎn)都無法知道生活會(huì)給你什么，但是認(rèn)為婚姻永遠(yuǎn)不能白頭偕老，不值得一試可就是很危險(xiǎn)看法了。HeisasexcitedasIamtogetmarried,andtogetherweareconfidentinourcompatibilityandourabilitytolastforever.對(duì)于結(jié)婚他和我一樣興奮，我們共同堅(jiān)信彼此合得來，能夠攜手到永遠(yuǎn)。IknownowthatthedreamIhadofmarriedlifewasalittletoooptimisticandhopefultosaytheleast我現(xiàn)在知道我夢(mèng)中的婚姻生活有點(diǎn)太樂觀，至少抱的希望太大。AndI’lltrywitheverythingIamtoprovetoeveryonethatwecanmakeitwork,tomakethe6-year-oldversionofmeproud.我會(huì)盡自己的一切向他人證明我們的婚姻運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)很好，讓六歲就想做新娘的我自豪。Iamsorryifyouneverfoundsomeonewhomakesyoucatchyourbreath.butfornow,letmehavemyfun,letmebaskinthegloryofridiculous,consuming,delicious,beautiful,wonderful,once-in-a-lifetimelove.如果你們從來沒有找到讓你興奮的屏氣的人，我只能再次說聲抱歉，但是現(xiàn)在，就讓我享有自己的快樂，讓我沐浴在這有點(diǎn)荒謬、強(qiáng)烈、有趣怡人、美麗、精彩，而且一生只有一次的愛河中。Unit3TextAP92在隨后的證詞中，每個(gè)人都陳述自己不相信煙草會(huì)給健康帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而且自己的公司從未采取措施來操縱香煙中尼古丁的含量。哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)史專家艾倫·M·布蘭特堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，對(duì)香煙危害的認(rèn)識(shí)源于持續(xù)了大半個(gè)20世紀(jì)的一個(gè)智力過程。20世紀(jì)初期，對(duì)香煙的抵制帶著道德的口吻，而不是出于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注。對(duì)想抽煙的女性更是如此。不過即使在當(dāng)時(shí)，許多醫(yī)生已經(jīng)關(guān)注到吸煙會(huì)給健康造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在詳細(xì)梳理了煙草公司的內(nèi)部備忘錄和研究文檔后，布蘭特博士用充足的證據(jù)證明，旱在1964年的衛(wèi)生局長(zhǎng)報(bào)告發(fā)表前，各大煙草巨頭就已了解了自家產(chǎn)品對(duì)健康造成的諸多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在他們的營(yíng)銷備忘錄中，記錄了他們針對(duì)青少年發(fā)動(dòng)的廣告運(yùn)動(dòng)，旨在誘惑新一代的煙民。Accordingtotheirowntestimony,mostofthe29historianstestifyingonbehalfofBigTobaccodidnotevenconsulttheindustry’sinternalresearchorcommunications.根據(jù)為煙草巨頭們出庭作證的29位歷史學(xué)家們自己的供述，他們中大多數(shù)甚至沒有參看過煙草業(yè)內(nèi)部的研究或交流文檔。相反，這些專家主要關(guān)注的是20世紀(jì)50年代的一小撮對(duì)香煙危害的懷疑論者，他們中的大部分人要么當(dāng)時(shí)就與煙草業(yè)有勾結(jié)，要么最終也會(huì)同煙草業(yè)勾結(jié)起來。TextBTheresultingreal-timeimagesindicatewhereandhowthebrainanalyzesoptions,weighsrisksandrewards,factorsinexperiencesandemotionsandultimatelysetsapreference.掃描產(chǎn)生的實(shí)時(shí)圖像表明了大腦在何處以何種方式分析各選項(xiàng)，掂量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和情感中的諸因素，并最終確定自己的偏好。UNIT4TextBInanefforttofilterout“contamination”causedbythefactthatthesurveywasitselfWeb-based,thefinalresultsweredrawnonlyfromamongthoseparticipants說明原因型模塊Thesedaysweoftenhearthat(1)Itiscommonthat(2)Whydoessuchcircumstanceoccurinspiteofsocialprotects?Foronething(3)Foranother(4)Whatismore,since(5)It'snaturalthat(6)Tosolvetheproblemisnoteasyatall,butisworthtrying.Weshoulddosomethingsuchas(7)toimprovehepresentsituation,andIdobelieveeverythingwillbebetterinthefuture1、對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX.Theypointoutthefactthat支持X的第一個(gè)原因。Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一個(gè)原因。However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.TheyconsideritharmfultodoX.Theyfirmlypointoutthat反對(duì)X的第一個(gè)理由。Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages.Inadditiontotheabove-mentionednegativeeffectsitmightbringabout,XalsomayX的有一個(gè)壞處。2、批駁觀點(diǎn)式Manypeoplearguethat錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。Bysayingthat,theymean對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。Anexampletheyhavepresentedisthat一個(gè)例子。(AccordingtoasurveyperformedbyXonagroupofY,almost80%ofthem贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeople’sbelief.Butifweconsideritindepth,wewillfeelnoreservationtoconcludethat與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。Thereareanumberofreasonsbehindmybelief.3、社會(huì)問題(現(xiàn)象)式Nowadays,thereexistsanincreasinglyserioussocial/economic/environmentalproblem.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic).Accordingtoasurvey,調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。Thereareacoupleofreasonsboomingthisproblem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。Xhascausedsubstantialimpactonthesocietyandourdailylife,whichhasbeenarticulatedinthefollowingaspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。AdozenofmeasuresaresupposedtotaketopreventXfrombringingusmoreharm.同上Basedontheabovediscussions,Icaneasilyforecastthatmoreandmorepeoplewill……辯論式議論文模版(一)Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that觀點(diǎn)1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat觀點(diǎn)2.Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,論據(jù)1.Moreimportantly,論據(jù)2.Mostimportantofall,論據(jù)3.Insummary,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心。或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測(cè)。辯論式議論文模版(二)PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX.Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat觀點(diǎn)1.Whileotherspointoutthat觀點(diǎn)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.Foronething,論據(jù)1.Foranother,論據(jù)2.Lastbutnottheleast,論據(jù)3.Toconclude,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心。或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測(cè)。1.圖畫型Asissubtlydepictedinthegivendrawing,WhatcanbeclearlyseeninitisthatHoweversimplethisimagemayseematfirstglance,itsintendedmeaninggoesundoubtedlyfar-reaching:(注意符號(hào)是冒號(hào))2.表格型Asisapparentlyillustratedinthestatisticsprovidedinthechart/graph/tableabove,3.評(píng)論一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象Thepreviouscoupleofyearshaswitnessedtheprevalenceofawidespreadsocialphenomenon----Ithasalreadybeenbroughtintopublicconcernandwecaneasilyfindbulkofrelevantdiscussionsamongthemassmedia.Obviouslythisisanissuethatmostpeoplearenotonlyinterestedin,butalsoholdopinionabout.Nowadays,peopleinmountingnumbersareverymuchconcernedabouttheproblemthat.Indeed,thepastfewyearshaswitnessedthegrowingincidenceofsuchhappenings.It’ssowidespreadthatagreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytosuchatrend.4.對(duì)引言評(píng)論型5、觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型Whenitcomestoaheateddiscussionhascomeupamongthegeneralpublic.ThevastmajorityofpeopleareinstrongfavorofwhilestillothersseemtocontendthatIamstronglyconvincedthat2.分析利弊Isthisphenomenonablessingoracurse?Themassmediaandthegeneralpublichavefocusedontheadvantagesofthisphenomenon,butfewhavelookedattheside-effect.Thefollowinglistofadvantagesanddisadvantagescanwellexplaineverything.Indeed,…Moreover,……….Givenallthesedisadvantages,itseemstohaveahostofstrengths.Tobeginwith,….Furthermore,