Unit5MeetingyourancestorsPeriod3Grammar—RevisetheVerbTenses（MainlyDealingWiththePresentPerfectContinuousTense）整體設計教學內容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammaritem：thepresentperfectcontinuoustense，whichshowstheactionstartsinthepast，continuestillnowandwillgoon；ortheactionstartsinthepast，continuestillnowandends.Itcanalsobeconnectedwithone'semotionandattitude.Thedistinctionbetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseshouldn'tbeignored.三維目標設計Knowledgeandskills1．Toletthestudentslearntheuseofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.2．Toenablethestudentstousethepresentperfectcontinuoustensecorrectlyandproperly.Processandmethods1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandwritesomeontheblackboard.2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverhowthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisusedinvariousways.3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage41forstudentstomastertheuseofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheuseofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage80andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.2．Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummarizing.教學重點、難點1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandhowitisused.2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.教學過程Step1Revision1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.（1）我們所有的建議都遭到拒絕，不管它們的價值多大。________________________________________________________________________（2）他把盤子里的肉切碎。________________________________________________________________________（3）他意識到已經做錯了事情。________________________________________________________________________Suggestedanswers：（1）Allourproposalswererejected，regardlessoftheirvalues.（2）Hecutupthemeatonhisplate.（3）Hewasawarethathehaddonesomethingwrong.Step2WarmingupAskthestudentstorereadthepassageandfindoutthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Forexample：（1）Wehave_been_excavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick...（P38，L15）（2）Well，we'vebeen_findingthebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves...（P38，L20）Askthestudentstothinkabouttheuseofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseintheabovetwosentences.Step3GrammarlearningAskthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.（1）TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.（2）IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.（3）Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.（4）Whyareyourclothessodirty？Whathaveyoubeendoing?（5）Hehasbeencallingonherseveraltimesthisweek.（6）Wehavebeenhavingalotofrainrecently.Step4SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.（1）Itmeanstheactionstartsinthepast，continuestillnowandwillgoon.（2）Itmeanstheactionstartsinthepast，continuestillnowandends.（3）Itcanbeconnectedwithone'semotionandattitude.Step5GrammarpracticeAskstudentstodothefollowingexercises：1．Rewritethesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thewordsinbracketsmayhelpyou.（1）Samhasjustfinishedlearningtoflyanairplaneinasix-monthcourse.（howlong）（2）Thenursesinthekindergartenhavebeenbusylookingafterthesickchildrenallday.（what）（3）Thepoorgirlhasbeencollectingseashellstomakealiving.（why）Suggestedanswers：（1）Howlonghaveyoubeenlearningtoflyanairplane，Sam?（2）Whathavethenursesinthekindergartenbeendoingallday?（3）Whyhasthepoorgirlbeencollectingseashells?2．DotheremainingexercisesinExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage41.Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.Step6Learningmoreaboutthegrammar現在完成時和現在完成進行時的異同現在完成時和現在完成進行時均可表示從過去開始一直持續到現在的動作，有時兩者可換用。這兩種時態的主要區別有兩個：1．現在完成時表示動作已完成，著重結果；現在完成進行時表示動作的進行，強調動作的持續性。例如：Ihavewateredtheflowers.我已經給花澆過水了。（已完成：你不必澆了）Ihavebeenwateringtheflowers.我一直在給花澆水。（未完成：一直在澆）2．不能用于進行時態的狀態動詞、知覺動詞或情感動詞，如be，see，feel，know，love等，不可用于現在完成進行時，但可用于現在完成時。例如：Ihaveknownherforalongtime.我認識她已經很久了。Ihaven'tseenhimthesedays.這些日子我沒有見過他。Step7SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.（1）Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseshowsthecontinuityandthetemporarystateoftheaction.（2）Thedistinctionbetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisthatthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseputsemphasisonthecontinuityoftheaction，whilethepresentperfecttensefocusesontheeffectonthepresentsituation.Step8PlayingagameLetstudentsplaythegame“aninterview”inpairs.LetthemtaketurnstoplaythepartofPittRivers.Seewhocancompletetheanswersinthemostinterestingwayusingthecontext.EXAMPLE：XP：Whathaveyoubeendoingrecently?PR：I'vebeen...Step9ClosingdownbyaquizShowstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.1．Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.（1）IwonderwhyJenny____________（notwrite）tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.（2）I____________lettersthismorningand____________sixsofar.（write）（3）—Hi，Tracy，youlooktired.—I'mtired.I____________thelivingroomallday.（paint）（4）—Whydidn'tyougotoseethefilmHarryPotter?—BecauseI____________ittwice.（see）（5）Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthat90%oftickets____________.（book）（6）Pricesoffoodinthatarea____________sharplysincewordcamethatthewarwouldbreakoutsoon.（goup）Suggestedanswers：（1）hasn'twritten（2）havebeenwriting；havewritten（3）havebeenpainting（4）hadseen（5）hadbeenbooked（6）havebeengoingup2．Choosethebestanswers.（1）We______forthebusforhalfanhour，butithasnotcomeyet.A．havebeenwaitingB．havewaitedC．arewaitingD．havebeenwaited（2）He______articlesforourwall-newspaperforthreeyears，andhe______aboutthirtyarticles.A．haswritten；haswrittenB．hasbeenwriting；wroteC．iswriting；hasbeenwritingD．hasbeenwriting；haswritten（3）It______fortwodays.Theroadswillbeblockedifit______soon.A．snowed；won'tB．hasbeensnowing；doesn'tstopC．hassnowed；won'tstopD．snow；doesn'tstop（4）It______fortwohoursandthegroundistoowettoplayon，sothematch______.A．hasbeenraining；hasputoffB．hasrained；isputoffC．wasraining；hasbeenputoffD．hasbeenraining；hasbeenputoff（5）Hewantedtoknowhowthis______.A．hadhappenedB．happenedC．hashappenedD．hasbeenhappening（6）ChinasentupShenzhouⅦmannedspaceshipintospacesuccessfully，whichshowsscienceandtechnology______rapidlyinChina.A．hasbeendevelopingB．developsC．isdevelopingD．hasdeveloped（7）MrsWhitebecameateacherin1991.She______for20yearsbynextyear.A．willteachB．wouldhavetaughtC．hasbeenteachingD．willhavebeenteaching（8）—Hi，Tracy，youlooktired.—Iamtired.I______thecampusallday.A．cleanedB．hadcleanedC．havebeencleaningD．havecleaned（9）Nowthatsheisoutofajob，Lucy______goingbacktoschool，butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A．hadconsideredB．hasbeenconsideringC．consideredD．isgoingtoconsider（10）—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?—No，butwe______togetintouchwiththemeversince.A．havetriedB．havebeentryingC．hadtriedD．hadbeentryingSuggestedanswers：（1）-（5）ADBDA（6）-（10）ADCBBStep10Homework1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.2．PreviewthepassageonPage43，andpickoutlonganddifficultsentences.Step11Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教學參考動詞時態考查要點簡述一、一般現在時考點分析1．表示客觀事實或普遍真理（不受時態限制）。如：Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100℃.2．表示現狀、性質、狀態時多用系動詞或狀態動詞；表示經常或習慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。如：Icefeelscold.Wealwayscare_foreachotherandhelpeachother.3．see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong，seem等表示知覺、態度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用于一般現在時。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.Allthestudentsherebelong_toNo.1MiddleSchool.4．在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替將來時。但要注意由if引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時態。如：Ifyouwill_acceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty，myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受邀請參加我們的舞會，我的家人會非常高興。5．少數用于表示起止的動詞如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，pen，close，end，stop等常用一般現在時代替將來時，表示一個按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作。如：Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.6．當be表示根據時間或事先安排肯定會出現的狀態時，只用一般現在時。如：TomorrowisWednesday.二、一般過去時的考點分析1．一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態，常與表示過去具體時間的狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示），用于表達過去的習慣。Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.2．表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去時。如：Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting，butitisn't.3．如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發生，但其謂語動詞仍用過去式。如：Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.4．由but，and，when，assoonas，immediately，themoment，theminute連接的兩個緊接著發生的動作，用一般過去時。如：Heboughtawatchbutlostit.Themomentshecamein，shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.5．常用一般過去時的句型：Whydidn'tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn'tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn'trecognizehim.三、一般將來時考點分析1．表示未來的動作或狀態常用will/shall＋動詞原形（常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow、nextweek等連用）。如：Itwill_befinetomorrow.2．表示一種趨向或習慣動作。如：We'll_diewithoutairorwater.3．表示趨向行為的動詞如come，go，start，begin，leave等常用進行時的形式表示將來時。如：Waitforalittlewhile.Iam_coming.4．begoingto與will/shall，betodo，beabouttodo用法及區別：begoingto表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事，這種打算往往經過事先考慮，甚至已作了某種準備；shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。begoingto表將來，不能用在含條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：Ifitisfine，we'll_gofishing.（正確）Ifitisfine，wearegoing_to_gofishing.（錯誤）betodosth.表示按計劃、安排即將發生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。如：Ameetingis_to_be_heldat3:00o'clockthisafternoon.beabouttodosth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。如：Autumnharvestisabouttostart.四、現在進行時考點分析1．表示說話時正在發生著的一個動作；表示現階段但不一定是發生在講話時；表近期特定的安排或計劃；go，come等起止動作可用進行時代替將來時。如：Itis_rainingnow.Heis_teachingEnglishandlearningChinese.Iam_meetingMr.Wangtonight.Weare_leavingonFriday.AtsixIam_bathingthebaby.（Istartbathingthebabybeforesix.）Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.（與always，often等頻度副詞連用，表經常反復的行動或某種感情色彩）2．下面四類動詞不宜用現在進行時。（1）表示心理狀態、情感的動詞：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need。（2）表存在的狀態的動詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seembelongto，dependon。（3）表示一時性動作的動詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete。（4）表示感官的動詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look。五、過去完成時考點分析1．常用過去完成時的幾種情況：（1）在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發生的動作。如：Bytheendoflastyear，wehadproduced20000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.（2）表示曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等表示，或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示，即：“hoped/planned...＋tohavedone”。（3）“時間名詞＋before”在句子中作狀語，句子用過去完成時；“時間名詞＋ago”在句中作狀語，句子用一般過去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhad_diedatleast10_years_before.XiaoHualeftschool3_years_ago.（4