第一專題直接引語和間接引語重點與難點：1.人稱的變化2.時態的變化3．其他的變化：時間狀語，地點狀語，指示代詞和個別動詞也根據情況作相應的變化。陳述語序特殊情況概念：弓I述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語(DirectSpeech),即原封不動地引用原話，把它放在引號內；另一種是間接引語(IndirectSpeech)，即用自己的話加以轉述，被轉述的內容不放在引號內。一、直接引語變間接引語陳述句的間接引語★要點：直接引語是陳述句，變為間接引語時，在多數情況下都構成一個that引導的賓語從句，引述動詞通常是say,tell等。與此同時，間接引語中的人稱、_時態和其他方面也要相應有所變化。Theforeignersaidtome,“IlikeBeijingverymuch.”fTheforeignertoldmethathe/shelikedBeijingverymuch.Shesaid,“Weareveryfondofsports.”f “I'llgooverthegrammarlessononceagain”,hesaid.f 疑問句的間接引語一般疑問句和反意疑問句★要點：一般疑問句改為間接引語時，要用陳述語序，并要加連詞if或whether，其主句動詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等。句末不用問號。Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”f “Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?”askedhe.f 否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時，用whether...or連接。Shesaid,“Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber?”f DoyoulikethisoneorthatoneTomasked.fTomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.特殊疑問句間接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語前仍然用特殊疑問詞作為連詞引導賓語從句，注意從句必須用陳述語序，主句謂語動詞常用ask。Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”f 祈使句的間接引語1.直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語往往用復合賓語來表示，其結構為主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語（動詞不定式）。引述動詞可根據口氣選用tell,ask,order,command,request等詞，句中please去掉。Shesaidtome,“Pleasehavearest.”f .“Don'tallansweratonce,”shesaidtothepupils.f 2.帶有let的祈使句（表示請求，建議或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that從句來表示其相應的意思。“Let'sgoforawalk,”saidthegirl.fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom.”fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.感嘆句的間接引語直接引語是感嘆句變為間接引語時，多采用賓語從句結構，既可用what或how引導，也可用that引導。“Whatacleverboyyouare!”myteachersaidtohim.fMyteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.fMyteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.Hesaid,“Howwellyoulook!”fHesaidhowwellIlooked.fHesaidthatIlookedverywell.二、間接引語中的詞語變化直接引語變為間接引語時，間接引語中的動詞時態、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時間和地點狀語以及主謂語詞序往往要作相應的變化。A.時態的變化1.時態的變化①現在時間推移到過去時間直接弓語中的時態間接引語中的時態一般現在時現在完成時現在進行時現在完成進行時Theoldmansaid,“Ihavelivedinthisstreetsince1960.”f Hesaid,“Isitraining?”—>②過去時間推移到過去的過去直接弓語中的時態間接弓語中的時態一般過去時過去完成時過去進行時Shesaidtome,“Iwrotealettertomyparentsthreedaysago.”—> “Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday?”heasked—>③將來時間推移到過去將來時間直接引語中的時態間接引語中的時態am/aregoingtodoWas/weregoingtodoIs/am/aretodoWas/weretodo“Wearetomeetattheschoolgate",shesaidtome.—> ★④間接引語中保持原來時態不變在下列情況下，間接引語中的謂語動詞時態可以保持不變。主句為現在時或將來時，間接引語的時態保持不變。Hethinks,“Shewillbebackinamonth.”fHethinkshe inamonth.Hesays,“Ihaveacceptedherinvitation.”Hesayshe herinvitation.間接引語表示的是現在的習慣動作、科學真理、客觀事實、格言等。Thegeographyteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”fThegeographyteachertoldthestudentsthattheearth roundthesun.Hesaid,“Everydoghashisday.”fHesaidthateverydog hisday.間接引語中有明確的過去時間狀語，仍可用一般過去時，不必改為過去完成時。Thegirlsaid,“Iwasbornin1978.”fThegirlsaidthatshe bornin1978.Shesaid,“Myteacherwasbusyyesterday.”fShesaidthatherteacher busyyesterday.B.代詞的變化1?人稱代詞的變化當主句的主語是第一人稱時，引語中的人稱代詞不變。Isaid,“Youdidquitewellintheexamyesterday.”fIsaidthatyouhaddonequitewellintheexamthedaybefore.直接引語中主語是第一人稱時，在改為間接引語時，其人稱與主句中的主語的人稱一致。（一隨主）HesaidtoTom,“I'lldomybesttocatchupwithothers.”fHetoldTomthathewoulddohisbesttocatchupwithothers.直接引語中主語是第二人稱時，在改為間接引語時，其人稱和主句的賓語相一致。（二隨賓）Hesaidtoher,“Wheredidyouputtheglasses?”fHeaskedherwhereshehadputtheglasses.提示：如果主句中無賓語，應根據語境或想象，自添適當的賓語；如果直接引語中有呼語，則將其改為間接引語的賓語。Motherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”fMotheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.“Whyareyoulateagain,John?”theteacherasked.fTheteacheraskedJohnwhyhewaslateagain.直接引語中主語是第三人稱時，在改為間接引語時不發生變化。（第三人稱不更新）HesaidtoTom,“Shecanhelpthem.”fHetoldTomthatshecouldhelpthem.2．物主代詞的變化“YOushouldnotoverlookyourfault,”Mumsaidtome.fMumtoldmethatIshouldnotoverlook fault.Thetwoboyssaid,“Wehavelostourdog."fThetwoboyssaidtheyhadlost dog.C.其他的變化：時間狀語，地點狀語，指示代詞和個別動詞也根據情況作相應的變化。直接引語間接引語例句nowthenHeaskedme,“Whatishedoingnow?"---Heaskedmewhathewasdoing .todaythatdayHeasked,“Wherewillyougotoday?---HeaskedmewhereIwouldgo .yesterdaythedaybeforeHesaid,“Ididityesterday：---Hesaidhehaddoneit .lastweektheweekbeforeHesaid,“Ididitlastweek."---Hesaidhehaddoneit .threedaysagothreedaysbeforeHesaid,“Ididittwodaysago."---Hesaidhehaddoneit .tomorrowthenextdayHesaid,“I'lldoittomorrow."---Hesaidhewolddoit .nextweekthenextweekHesaid,“I'lldoitnextweek."---Hesaidhewoulddoit ."herethereHesaidtome,“Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?"---HeaskedmehowlongIhadlived .thisthatHeaskedme,“Doyoulikethis?"---Heaskedme訐Iliked .thesethoseHeaskedme,“Whatarethese?"——Heaskedmewhat egoTomsaid,“I'llcomewithMary."---Tomsaidthathewould withMary.bringtakeMarysaid,"Bringabottleofwinehome,Tom."---MaryaskedTomto abottleofwinehome.

當直接引語變間引語時，地點狀語here通常變為there。但如果說話人所在地點就是引述人所在地點，那么仍然使用here.Comehere,please,hesaid.fHeaskedmetocomehere.他叫我到這里來。（引述人地點不變）fHeaskedmetogothere.他叫我到那里去。（引述人地點發生變化）Heresheburstoutintoafloodoftears,hesaidtome.fHetoldmethatshehadburstoutintoafloodoftearsthere.他告訴我說，談到那個地方她就放聲大哭了起來。知識小結直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，一般要加引號。間接引語：用自己的話應用別人的話，不用引號。考點一、「不同句式的變化規則1陳述句佝號丿----that（可省略丿V2一般疑問句（問號丿----if/whether（…ornot）引導詞］3特殊疑問句（問號丿---特殊疑問詞（what/how開頭丿4祈使句請求----ask/tellsb.（not）todosth.考點二、時態變化主句:一般現在時 從句:任何時態主句:主句:一般過去時從句:過去的某種時態考點三、間接引語的語序陳述句的語序主+謂+賓…考點四、人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等變化考點五、特殊情況鞏固練習1．Hesaid:“I'veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don'twasteyourtime.”7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.'12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”20．Shesaidtous,“I'llcomeheretomorrow.”21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.單項選擇Heasked forthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.—Heaskedme .hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He me thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.—Hesaid .A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacherHesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”—He -verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoket