2010年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartⅠ TerminologyandPhraseTranslation(30%)SectionOne:TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(10points).1.dynamicequivalence【答案】動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等查看答案2.misstheboat【答案】坐失良機(jī)查看答案3.spillthebeans【答案】泄漏秘密查看答案4.semioticdimension【答案】符號(hào)學(xué)層次查看答案5.postscript【答案】附錄，后記查看答案6.outsourcing【答案】外包查看答案7.transliteration【答案】音譯查看答案8.titfortat【答案】以牙還牙查看答案9.blacksheep【答案】害群之馬查看答案10.over-translation【答案】過(guò)度翻譯查看答案SectionTwo:TranslatefollowingtermsintoEnglish(10points).1.電子商務(wù)【答案】electroniccommerce查看答案2.對(duì)沖基金【答案】hedgefunds查看答案3.次貸危機(jī)【答案】subprimecrisis查看答案4.山寨手機(jī)【答案】emulationalmobilephone查看答案5.暗箱操作【答案】blackcasework查看答案6.本末倒置【答案】putthecartbeforethehorse查看答案7.破釜沉舟【答案】burnone’sbridges查看答案8.網(wǎng)戀【答案】onlineloveaffair查看答案9.科學(xué)發(fā)展觀【答案】ScientificOutlookonDevelopment查看答案10.和諧社會(huì)【答案】aharmonioussociety查看答案SectionThree：GivefullformsofthefollowingacronymsandtranslatethemintoChinese(10points).1.MOU【答案】MemorandumofUnderstanding諒解備忘錄查看答案2.GDP【答案】GrossDomesticProduct國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值查看答案3.POW【答案】prisonerofwar戰(zhàn)俘查看答案4.CPU【答案】CentralProcessingUnit中央處理器查看答案5.LC【答案】LibraryofCongress(美國(guó))國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館查看答案6.NGO【答案】Non-GovernmentOrganization非政府組織查看答案7.BBS【答案】BulletinBoardSystem電子公告板查看答案8.LCD【答案】LiquidCrystalDisplay液晶顯示器查看答案9.WHO【答案】WorldHealthOrganization(聯(lián)合國(guó))世界衛(wèi)生組織查看答案10.EAP【答案】EmployeeAssistanceProgram員工幫助計(jì)劃查看答案PartⅡ PassageTranslation(120%)SectionOne:TranslatefollowingEnglishpassagesintoChinese(60points).Globalizationisunderstrainasneverbefore.Everywhereitsstressesrumble.Mostofsub-SaharanAfrica,SouthAmerica,theMiddleEast,andCentralAsiaaremiredinstagnationoreconomicdecline.NorthAmerica,WesternEurope,andJapanareboggeddowninslowgrowthandriskrenewedrecession.WarnowbeckonsinIraq.Foradvocatesofopenmarketsandfreetradethisexperienceposesmajorchallenges.Whyisglobalizationsoatrisk?Whyareitsbenefitsseeminglyconcentratedinafewlocations?Canamorebalancedglobalizationbeachieved?Noeasyanswerstothesequestionsexist.Openmarketsarenecessaryforeconomicgrowth,buttheyarehardlysufficient.Someregionsoftheworldhavedoneextremelywellfromglobalization—notablyEastAsiaandChinainrecentyears.Yetsomeregionshavedonemiserably,especiallysub-SaharanAfrica.Thetruthisthateconomicperformanceisdeterminednotonlybygovernancestandards,butbygeopolitics,geography,andeconomicstructure.Countrieswithlargepopulations,andhencelargeinternalmarkets,tendtogrowmorerapidlythancountrieswithsmallpopulations.Coastalcountriestendtooutperformlandlockedcountries.Countrieswithhighlevelsofmalariatendtoendureslowergrowththancountrieswithlowerlevelsofmalaria.Developingcountriesthatneighborrichmarkets,suchasMexico,tendtooutperformcountriesfarawayfrommajormarkets.Thesedifferencesmatter.Ifrichcountriesdon’tpayheedtosuchstructuralissues,wewillfindthatthegapsbetweentheworld’swinnersandloserswillcontinuetowiden.Ifrichcountriesblameunluckycountries—claimingthattheyaresomehowculturallyorpoliticallyunfittobenefitfromglobalization—wewillcreatenotonlydeeperpocketsofpovertybutalsodeepeningunrest.This,inturn,willresultinincreasinglevelsofviolence,backlash,andyes,terrorism.【參考譯文】全球化正在經(jīng)受前所未有的壓力。這種壓力在世界各地轟轟烈烈地持續(xù)著。大部分撒哈拉以南的非洲地區(qū)，南美，中東和中亞全都深陷經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯或經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的泥潭。北美，西歐和日本陷入緩慢增長(zhǎng)的困境，并面臨著新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。而戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)在正在伊拉克召喚著。對(duì)于那些開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)和自由貿(mào)易的倡導(dǎo)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這鐘經(jīng)歷提出了重大的挑戰(zhàn)。為何全球化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這樣大？為何它的利益似乎只集中在少數(shù)幾個(gè)地方？更加平衡的全球化能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)嗎？對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，并沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案。開(kāi)放的市場(chǎng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的，但卻很難說(shuō)是充分的。世界上有些地區(qū)，特別是東亞和中國(guó)，近些年來(lái)從全球化中獲益匪淺，而有的地區(qū)則遭遇困境，尤其是撒哈拉以南的非洲。事實(shí)是，經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)不僅取決于管理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還取決于地緣政治，地理位置和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。人口眾多的國(guó)家擁有巨大的內(nèi)部市場(chǎng)，往往比人口較少的國(guó)家發(fā)展速度快。沿海國(guó)家的表現(xiàn)往往優(yōu)于內(nèi)陸國(guó)家；瘧疾肆虐的國(guó)家發(fā)展速度慢于瘧疾罕見(jiàn)的國(guó)家；毗鄰富裕市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，比如墨西哥，則遙遙領(lǐng)先于遠(yuǎn)離主要市場(chǎng)的國(guó)家。這些差異非常重要。如果富國(guó)不留意這種結(jié)構(gòu)性的問(wèn)題，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)世界的貧富差距將繼續(xù)增大。如果富國(guó)責(zé)怪這些運(yùn)氣不好的國(guó)家——聲稱(chēng)他們不知為何在文化或政治上不適宜從全球化中受益——我們將不僅制造更深層次的貧困，還將加劇動(dòng)蕩不安，繼而導(dǎo)致日趨嚴(yán)重的暴力，反擊，以及恐怖主義。SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingChinesepassageintoEnglish(60points).近年來(lái)，許多中國(guó)出口廠商受到了金融危機(jī)的沖擊，我們必須采取有效措施來(lái)對(duì)付這種出口低迷的局面，全方位地開(kāi)拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。俗話說(shuō)：“不能在一棵樹(shù)上吊死。”在選擇新市場(chǎng)時(shí)要權(quán)衡其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)會(huì)，并且要反映迅速；要隨時(shí)跟蹤市場(chǎng)變化情況，以便選擇有利時(shí)機(jī)和地點(diǎn)抓緊出口。只有那些富有活力、洞察力和應(yīng)變力的企業(yè)才能在市場(chǎng)景氣時(shí)大顯身手，而在市場(chǎng)蕭條時(shí)也能站穩(wěn)腳跟。當(dāng)某些市場(chǎng)疲軟時(shí)，總還有另一些市場(chǎng)堅(jiān)挺，所以能夠做到“東方不亮西方亮”。出口商品必須有一流的品質(zhì)、款式和包裝，但行之有效的廣告宣傳和促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)也很重要，尤其要提高用外語(yǔ)針對(duì)國(guó)外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行宣傳的能力。赴國(guó)外參展、派人員出國(guó)推銷(xiāo)、在國(guó)外建立生產(chǎn)或銷(xiāo)售點(diǎn)等等，一定要講求實(shí)效。【參考譯文】Inrecentyears,manyChineseexportersareadverselyaffectedbythefinancialcrisis.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththisexportslump,andtodevelopinternationalmarketsinalldirections.Justasthesayinggoes,“donothanginonetree”,whilechoosingthenewmarkets,wehavetoweightherisksandopportunitiesandtoreactrapidly;wealsoneedtokeeptrackofthechangesinmarketinordertoselectfavorabletimeandplacetoexport.Onlythoseenterprisesfullofvitality,insightandresiliencecouldflourishinthemarketandsurviveeveninthedepressedmarket.Whensomeofthemarketsareweak,therearealwaysothermarketsthatarestrong,thusweareabletofindanotherdoorwhenonedoorshuts.Exportsmusthavefirst-classquality,styleandpackaging,buteffectiveadvertisingandpromotionalactivitiesarealsoimportant,especiallythepromot