建筑英語主講：杜鵑ARCHITECTUREENGLISHArchitectureSchoolofSIAS建筑英語主講：杜鵑ARCHITECTUREENGLISH1UNITFive

WORLDFAMOUSBUILDINGSArchitectureisthatgreatlivingcreativespiritwhichfromgenerationtogeneration,fromagetoage,proceeds,persists,creates,accordingtothenatureofman,andhiscircumstancesastheychange.Thatisarchitecture.——FrankLloydWright,1937UNITFive

WORLDFAMOUSBUIL2

ArchitectureTimelineAncientEgypt古埃及建筑Classical古典式Byzantine拜占庭式Romanesque羅馬式Gothic哥特式風格Renaissance文藝復興時期Baroque&Rococo巴洛克和洛可可Neoclassicism新古典主義ArtNouveau新藝術運動BeauxArts美術學院派風格ArtDeco裝飾藝術風格ModernistStyles現代主義Postmodernism后現代主義

ArchitectureTimelineAncien3FrankLloydWright

UnityChapelSpringGreenWisconsin1886AbrahamLincolnCenterChicagoIllinois1903FrederickC.RobieHouseChicagoIllinois1908ImperialHotelTokyoJapan1915TaliesinEastSpringGreenWisconsin1925FallingwaterBearRunPennsylvania1935TaliesinWestScottsdaleArizona1937GuggenheimMuseumManhattanNewYork1943–1956V.C.MorrisGiftShopSanFranciscoCalifornia1948PriceTowerBartlesvilleOklahoma1952

FrankLloydWright4FrankLloydWright’sworksUnityChapelFrederickC.RobieHouseAbrahamLincolnCenterFrankLloydWright’sworksU5FrankLloydWright’sworksImperialHotelTaliesinEastTaliesinWestFrankLloydWright’sworksI6FrankLloydWright’sworksSolomonR.GuggenheimMuseumFrankLloydWright’sworksS7FrankLloydWright’sworksV.C.MorrisGiftShopPriceTowerFrankLloydWright’sworksV8Fallingwater流水別墅Fallingwater流水別墅9課文翻譯Paragraph1-1

FallingwaterisaluxuryvacationretreatFrankLloydWrightdesignedin1936forBearRun,Pennsylvania,andPittsburghmillionaireEdgarKaufmann.Cantileveredoverawaterfall,thismagnificenthomehasprobablybeen

photographed,writtenabout,analyzed,andapplaudedmorethananyotherWright’sbuilding.Notonlydidwinhimenormousacclaimatthetimebutitisregardedasoneofhisfineststructureseverbuilt.流水別墅是一個豪華度假山莊，位于賓夕法尼亞州的熊跑溪河畔，由弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特于1936年為匹茲堡百萬富翁埃德加·考夫曼所設計。如懸臂一樣臨于瀑布之上，這個壯麗的住宅可能被拍照，被描寫，被分析和得到的喝彩遠遠超過賴特的其他任何建筑。這不僅在那時為他贏得了極大的贊譽，而且它被認為是有史以來賴特最為優秀的結構之一。cantilever:v.如懸臂向外突出retreat：n.撤退；隱居處課文翻譯Paragraph1-1

Fallingwat10FallingwaterFallingwater11課文翻譯Paragraph1-2

Onecriticcallsit“themostfamousmodernhouseintheworld”,whileanothersaysitis“oneofthecompletemasterpieceofthe20thcenturyart”.Thearchitectexploitedhisopportunitytothefullest,onethathundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavegoneoutoftheirwaytoseeandthatalmosteveryoneacknowledgestobevirtually

unsurpassed.一位評論家稱之為“世界最著名的現代住宅”，而另一個說它是“20世紀藝術完全的杰作之一”。在這個建筑中，設計師將他的機會利用到淋漓盡致，（一個）令數十萬人不辭長途來參觀和了解，而幾乎每個人都承認其是無與倫比的。virtually:adv.實際上；幾乎unsurpassed：adj.未被超越的；非常卓越的課文翻譯Paragraph1-2

Onecritic12課文翻譯Paragraph2-1

OneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsofFallingwaterisitsabsoluterefusaltobeconfined.Fallingwaterseemstotakeflighteverywayatonce,makingitexceptionallydifficulttovisualizeortodescribetosomeonewhohasnotseenit.(Mostphotographsdonotcompletecaptureit.)This,infact,mayhavebeenoneofWright’sobjectives:todefydescription,todestroycategories.流水別墅最顯著的特征之一是其全然拒絕被限制。流水別墅看起來像是同時向每個方向飛翔，使得對它的視覺想象或向沒有見過的人描述它變得格外困難。（絕大多數照片沒能完整的捕捉到它）。這，事實上，可能是賴特的目標之一：蔑視具象描述，摧毀類型固化。visualize：v.

使...看得見defy:v.藐視；反抗category：n.種類；類別課文翻譯Paragraph2-1

Oneofthe13課文翻譯Paragraph2-2

“Ithasnolimitationsastoform,”heonceremarked.Sodifficultvisuallytocomprehend—soimpossibletoharness,asitwere—Fallingwaterdisruptedexpectationsaboutwhatahouseshouldbeordo.Visitorsaresurprised,forexample,byitscomparativelyfewrooms,assumingittobemuchlargerthanitis.“它對形式沒有任何限制，”他曾經談到。如此的難以直觀地理解，如此的無法駕馭，就像它這樣-流水別墅打破了關于住宅應該是什么或者應該怎么做的預期。游客們感到驚訝，例如，因其相對較少的房間，以為其空間遠遠大于它實際的大小。visually：adv.視覺上地harness:n.控制；馬具assume:v.(想當然的)認為課文翻譯Paragraph2-2

“Ithasno14課文翻譯Paragraph2-3

Mostofitsfloorspace,surfacearea,andexpenseweredevotedtoamassivelivinganddiningroomandto

terracesandcanopy

slabsshootingoutinseveraldirections,whileitsthreebedroomsandtheusualservicestakeupasmallproportionsofitsthreelevels.Fallingwaterwasnotsomuchafamilyresidenceasaweekendentertainmentretreatand,liketheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,ispartlyan

exerciseinarchitecturalsculpture.它大部分的建筑面積、表面積和建造費用都用在了巨大的起居室和餐廳、露臺和朝幾個方向發散的雨蓬板上，而它的三間臥室和常規服務間只占據了三層中的一小部分。流水別墅與其說是作為周末娛樂隱居的一個家庭住宅，還不如說，像紐約的古根海姆博物館一樣，一定程度上更像是建筑雕塑的一種實踐。Terrace：n.平臺，階地；

陽臺Canopy:n.

[建]頂篷,雨篷slab：n.平板；厚板課文翻譯Paragraph2-3

Mostofit15Thefloorplan建筑英語ppt課件16TheSouthElevation建筑英語ppt課件17課文翻譯Paragraph2-4

Itshouldnotbeaccusedof“impracticality”orunnecessaryexpense;forasHenry-RussellHitchcockhaswiselystated,architecturelivesnotonly“throughthesolutionofgenericproblems[towhichWrightdevotedconsiderableattention]butquiteasmuchbythethrillandacclaimofuniquemasterpieces”.它不應該被指責為“不切實際”或不必要的花費，因為亨利·羅素·希區柯克明智地指出，建筑不僅是“通過一般問題的解決方案[而賴特相當重視這點]而延續的，更像是獨特杰作帶來的激動和喝彩”。generic：adj.類的；

一般的trill：n.激動；引起激動的事物課文翻譯Paragraph2-4

Itshould18課文翻譯Paragraph3-1

Likefewotherbuildingsbeforeorsince,Fallingwaterexploitedsitetoadvantage.Twounbelievablycantileveredterraces,partiallyshelteredonebytheotherandbyslabroofcanopies,crosstwelvefeetaboveawaterfallinBearRunwhichpassesinfrontofthestructure’sledge

onwhichitrests,

whilethevertical

thrustofastonefireplaceandchimneystakes

thehousefirmlyinplace,echoingtheplungingstream,reachingforthesky.像之前或之后其他一些建筑，流水別墅利用了基地的優勢。兩個難以置信的懸臂式露臺，部分地以其一和屋頂雨篷板遮蔽另一個，在熊跑溪瀑布上方12英尺的地方交叉，溪水從結構挑臺（在其所倚靠的巖石之上）的前方流過，而石頭壁爐和煙囪垂直地插入，像打樁一樣將房子固定到位，呼應溪流飛瀉，延伸至深遠的天空。ledge：n.架狀突出物stake：v.用樁支撐plunging：adj.跳進的；突然往下課文翻譯Paragraph3-1

Likefewo19ledge建筑英語ppt課件20theverticalthrustofastonefireplaceandchimney建筑英語ppt課件21FallingwateFallingwate22FallingwateFallingwate23課文翻譯Paragraph3-2

Itscompositionisanabstractreformulationofitsnaturalsite,apoetic

butnoaliteralinterpretationofthedefiningfeaturesofitslocale.WithoutFallingwater,BearRunwouldhaveremainedabeautifulforeststream,likethousandsofothers;butwithit,theplacebecameunique.Herewasanunsurpassedexampleofhumanitymakingtheworldabetterplace,ofartworkingtoimprovenature.FallingwateralsosupportedWright’scontention

thatanorganicbuildingwasappropriateonlyonitsparticularspot,andnowhereelse.它的組成是對其天然基地一種抽象的再形成，一個充滿詩意但不是拘于場地限定特征的字面解釋。如果沒有流水別墅，熊跑溪將仍然是一個美麗的森林溪流，像成千上萬的其他溪流一樣，但有了它，這個地方就成了獨一無二的。這是一個因人文使這個世界更美好，由藝術創作來改善自然的卓越例子。流水別墅也支持了賴特的論點，即有機建筑只在其特定地點是合適的，而非其它地方。spot：n.地點；場所locale:n.現場，場所課文翻譯Paragraph3-2

Itscompos24課文翻譯Paragraph4-1

ButFallingwaterachieveditstruestmeasureofgreatnessinthewayittranscendedsitetospeaktouniversalhumanconcerns.Initsstartling

departurefromtraditionalmodesofexpression,itrevealedanaspirationforfreedomfromimposedlimitations;andinitssuccessfulpartnershipwithenvironment,itwas

guideposttohumanity’sproperrelationshipwithnature.Fallingwaterwasalsoaresolutionofdichotomies.但流水別墅以超脫于場地而表達普世關切的方式實現了其最大程度上真實的偉大。其與傳統的表達模式的分離令人吃驚，它顯示了一個對脫離所施加的限制而得到自由的渴望，并成功地與自然環境建立了伙伴關系，它是人類與自然建立恰當關系的路標。流水別墅也是（人與自然的）截然對立的一種解決辦法。transcended：v.超越；勝過startling：a..令人吃驚的dichotomy：n.分裂；二分法課文翻譯Paragraph4-1

ButFallin25課文翻譯Paragraph4-2

Atthesametimestrikinglysubstantialanddangerouslyephemeral,itissecurelyanchoredtorockandledge,butseemstoleapintospace.Itembodieschangeandchangelessness

simultaneously,foritsimperishablestoneandconcreteelementsfromentirelynewcompositionsastheangleofvisionshifts.Solidrockandrushingwaterreflectthepermanenceandimpermanenceoflifeitself.雖同時擁有驚人的龐大體量和危險如同曇花一現的架構，它被穩固地錨定在巖石和凸狀結構上，但看起來像躍入空中一樣。它同時體現了變化性和不變性，因從視線轉換的角度來看其不腐的石材和混凝土構件形成的全新的組合。堅固的巖石和奔騰的流水反映出生命本身的持久性和無常性。Ephemeral：a.短暫的anchor:v.停泊；用錨系住embody：v.使具體化課文翻譯Paragraph4-2

Atthesam26FallingwateFallingwate27FallingwateFallingwate28課文翻譯Paragraph4-3

Fallingwatersinksitsrootsdeeplyintothegroundtogrowoutofitssitemorelikeaplantthanmostotherbuildings,yetitisamasterpieceofconstructiontechnique.Composedoflotsofrectangles,itisneverredundant;builtofinnumerablepiecesofvaryingsizeandmaterial,itneverthelessachieveaunityfewstructuresapproach.流水別墅將它的根深深的扎入地下，比大多數其他建筑物更像是一株植物從基地中生長出來，然而它是精密的施工技術所造就的杰作。由大量的矩形組成，它從來都沒有冗余的;由無數不同尺寸和材質的構件建造而成，但它實現了幾種結構方式的統一。Sink:v.下沉；滲透innumerable:adj.無數的；數不清的課文翻譯Paragraph4-3

Fallingwat29TheinteriorofFallingwaterTheinteriorofFallingwater30課文翻譯Paragraph4-4

Fallingwaterisastudyinopposites—motionandstability,changeandpermanence,powerandephemeralness—thatmake