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1.Whatispoetry?
Aliteraryform
Writteninlines
Richimagery
Greatartisticappeal
Beautifulharmony
Compressedcontent
AnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry1.Whatispoetry?AlStar
Ifyouare
Alovecompassionate,
Youwillwalkwithusthisyear.
Wefaceaglacialdistance,whoarehere
Huddld
Atyourfeet
WilliamBurfordStar
Ifyouare
AlovecompaMoreaccurate…
Textinrhythmicormetricform,oftenemployingrhyme;usuallyshorterandmoreconcentratedinlanguageandideasthaneitherproseordrama.DefinitionofPoetryMoreaccurate…
TextinDanti:DivineComedy《神曲》Milton:
ParadiseLost
《失樂(lè)園》Homer:Iliad《伊利亞特》;Odyssey《奧德賽》
3)DramaticPoems(戲劇詩(shī))
2)NarrativePoems(敘事詩(shī))
1)LyricalPoems(抒情詩(shī))2.KindsofPoetryIntermsofcontent:Songs(韻文)odes(頌詩(shī))
Elegy(挽詩(shī))Epics(史詩(shī))(heroicpoems)ballads(民謠)lyre(里拉)usu.indialogue;inblankverseDanti:DivineComedy《神曲》Mi2.KindsofPoetryIntermsofmetre:1)MetricalPoems(格律詩(shī))RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLines2)FreeVerse(自由詩(shī))IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLines3)BlankVerse(無(wú)韻詩(shī))WithoutRhyme;WithRhythm2.KindsofPoetryInterm1)elementspeculiar/essentialtopoetry:meter,rhyme,soundpatterns(assonance,consonance,alliteration),formofpoetry2)
elementsimportanttopoetry:imagery,symbols,metaphor,simile,diction(connotative)3)otherelements:tone,style,character,setting,pointofview,allusionetc.3.
elementsofpoetry:1)elementspeculiar/essentiAlliteration:phantom
fathom
;
psychology
simplea)Togiveemphasis:might
and
main
;
fit
asa
fiddleb)Toconnectideas:Please
pick
upthe
pretty
pink
pillsfor
pale
people.c)Toconnectactions:The
fighter
fled
into
the
field,
and,
foremost
fighting
,
fell.Alliteration:phantomfatThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie 4.Foot(音步) thebasicmetricalorrhythmicalunitwithinalineofpoetry.Afootofpoetrygenerallyconsistsofanaccentedsyllableandoneormoreunaccentedsyllablesarrangedinavarietyofpatterns.ThefourstandardfeetdistinguishedinEnglishpoetryare:
1)Iambus(抑揚(yáng)格)or:IambicFoot(抑揚(yáng)音步)(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus)(四步抑揚(yáng)格)ThesunisnotabedThestreamwillnotflow,andthehillwillnotrise,Andthecolourshaveallpassedawayfromhereyes!(Anapaestic
Tetrametreor4-footAnapaest)(四步抑抑揚(yáng)格)4.Foot(音步)
1)Iambus(抑揚(yáng)格)2)Anapaest(抑抑揚(yáng)格)Thestreamwillnotflow,(TrochaicTetrametreor4-footTrochee)(四步揚(yáng)抑格)4.Foot(音步)
1)Iambus(抑揚(yáng)格)
2)Anapaest(抑抑揚(yáng)格)Or:TrochaicFoot(揚(yáng)抑音步)3)Trochee(揚(yáng)抑格)Shakeyourchainstoearthlikedew,Whichinsleephadfallenonyou-----Youaremany------theyarefew.(TrochaicTetrametreor4or:DactylicFoot(揚(yáng)抑抑音步)a)Takeheruptenderly,Liftherwithcare;b)Thisisagallopingmeasureahopandatrotandagallop(DactylicHexametreor6-footDactyl)(六步揚(yáng)抑抑格)4.Foot(音步)
1)Iambus(抑揚(yáng)格)
2)Anapaest(抑抑揚(yáng)格)
3)Trochee(揚(yáng)抑格)4)Dactyl(揚(yáng)抑抑格)(DactylicBi-metre)
(兩步抑抑格)or:DactylicFoot(揚(yáng)抑抑音步)a)4.Foot(音步)
1)Iambus(抑揚(yáng)格)2)Anapaest(抑抑揚(yáng)格)3)Trochee(揚(yáng)抑格)4)Dactyl(揚(yáng)抑抑格)6)Spondee(揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格)7)Pyrric(抑抑格)5)Amphibrach(抑揚(yáng)抑格)ForthedearGodwholovethus
(揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格)(抑抑格)(抑揚(yáng)抑格)4.Foot(音步)1)Iambus(抑揚(yáng)格)2)5.Metre(格律):regularizedrhythm;anarrangementoflanguageinwhichtheaccentsoccuratapparentlyequalintervalsintimeMono-metre
Bi-metreTri-metreTetrametrePentametreHexametre
Heptametre
Octametre5.Metre(格律):regularizedTheTraditionalMetricalForminEnglishVerseMeter按重度音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的排列方式a.抑揚(yáng)格(theIambicFoot):非重+重b.揚(yáng)抑格(theTrochaicFoot):重+非重C.揚(yáng)抑抑格(Dactyl):重+非重+非重D.抑抑揚(yáng)格(Anapaest):非重+非重+重TheTraditionalMetricalForm按音步數(shù)量:monometer;bimeter;trimeter;tetrameter;pentameter;hexameter(Alexandrine);heptameter(Fourteener);Iambicpentameter按音步數(shù)量:IambicPentametre(5-footIambus)(
五
步
抑
揚(yáng)
格)ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday
a
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.
b
Roughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofmay,a
Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.b
Metre:IambicPentametre(5-foo6.Rhythm(節(jié)奏):
Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!“movementst
markedbytheregulatedsuccessionofstrongandweakelements6.Rhythm(節(jié)奏):“movementst7.Rhyme:
(韻):repetitionatregularintervalsinalineorlinesofpoetryofsimilaroridenticalsoundsbasedonacorrespondencebetweenthevowelsandsucceedingconsonantsoraccentedsyllables;Home
foam;
chair
therea)Internalrhyme:IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley)Weploughand
sow---we’resovery,very
low.
(ErnestJones)Ah,distinctlyI
remember
itasinthebleak
December.
(Poe)
7.Rhyme:(韻):repetitionatrb)MasculineRhyme(陽(yáng)韻):IfallbetruethatIdo
think.Therearefivereasonsweshould
drink:c)FeminineRhyme(陰韻):(1)Whatisfame?Anempty
bubble.
Gold?Atransient,shining
trouble.(2)Riselikelionsafter
slumber,
Inunvanguishable
number.(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatis
theogony?
Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatis
philanthropy?b)MasculineRhyme(陽(yáng)韻):Ifad)MonosyllabicRhyme(單音節(jié)韻):
Hour
tour;
now
know
;
dear
bear;
save
have
e)Bi-syllabicRhyme
(雙音節(jié)韻):f)Tri-syllabicRhyme
(三音節(jié)韻):e)Eyerhyme(眼韻):I
/
fly
;
fool
/
rule
;write
/fight;again
/remain
/sustainborrow
/
sorrow
;
daughter
/water
;
conversation/compensationRoman
/noman
;
know
it
/showit
beautiful/dutiful
;
thinkofit/drinkofitd)MonosyllabicRhyme(單音節(jié)韻):8.RhymeScheme:(韻律結(jié)構(gòu))anyfixedpatternofrhymescharacteringawholepoemoritsstanzas1)aabb(連續(xù)韻):Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,
aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.a
Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b1)aabb(連續(xù)韻):Workwhileyou2)abab(交叉韻):Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.
a
Upintheairsoblue?bOh,Idothinkitthepleasantestthing
aEverachildcando!b2)abab(交叉韻):HowdoyouliThecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowlyo'erthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.----ThomasGray(1716-1771):ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard晚鐘殷殷響,夕陽(yáng)已西沉。群牛哞叫歸,迂回走草徑。農(nóng)夫荷鋤歸,倦倦回家門。唯我立曠野,獨(dú)自對(duì)黃昏。(豐華瞻譯)ThecurfewtollstheknellofShedwelt︳among︳theuntro︳ddenways(a)Beside︳thesprings︳ofDove,(b)AMaid│whomthere︳werenone︳topraise(a)Andve︳ryfew︳tolove.(b)balladThe1stand3rdlinesareiniambictetrameterthe2rdand4thlinesareiniambictrimeter;Rhymescheme:ababShedwelt︳among︳theuntro︳dd3)abba(首尾韻):Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;
aIfeelit
whenIsorrowmost;b’Tisbettertohavelovedandlost
bThannevertohavelovedatall.a3)abba(首尾韻):Iholdittru4)abcb(二四韻):Springisgreen,aSummerisbright,bAutumnisgold,cWinteriswhite.
b
4)abcb(二四韻):Springis
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?(a)Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.(b)RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay.(a)Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate.(b)Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,(c)Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;(d)Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,(c)Bychance,ornature'schangingcourse,untrimm'd;(d)Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade(e)Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st.(f)NorshallDeathbragthouwand'restinhisshade(e)Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st.(f)Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,(g)Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.(g)----WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ShallIcomparetheetoasum能不能讓我來(lái)把你比擬作夏日?你可是更加溫和,更加可愛(ài):狂風(fēng)會(huì)吹落五月里開(kāi)的好花兒,夏季的生命又未免結(jié)束得太快:有時(shí)候蒼天的巨眼照得太灼熱,他那金彩的臉色也會(huì)被遮暗;每一樣美呀,總會(huì)離開(kāi)美而凋落,被時(shí)機(jī)或者自然的代謝所摧殘;但是你永久的夏天決不會(huì)凋枯,你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)失去你美的儀態(tài);死神夸不著你在他的影子里躑躅,你將在不朽的詩(shī)中與時(shí)間同在;只要人類在呼吸,眼睛看得見(jiàn),我這詩(shī)就活著,使你的生命綿延。(屠岸譯)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)英國(guó)文學(xué)lecture1EnglishP課件英雄雙行體(heroiccouplets):Arhymingcoupletofiambicpentameter,often“closed”,i.e.,containingacompletethought,therebeingafairlyheavypauseattheendofthefirstlineandastillheavieroneattheendofthesecond.Commonlythereisaparallelorantithesiswithinaline,orbetweenthetwolines.ItisheroicbecauseinEngland,especiallyintheeighteenthcentury,itwasmuchusedforheroic(epic)poems.十音節(jié)雙韻體,,每個(gè)音步有兩個(gè)音節(jié),第一是輕音,第二是重音(即,五步抑揚(yáng)格)。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)英國(guó)文學(xué)lecture1EnglishP課件Sonnet:1)ItalianSonnet(意大利體十四行詩(shī))2)SpenserianSonnet(斯賓塞體十四行詩(shī))3)ShakespearianSonnet(莎士比亞體十四行詩(shī))
Astanzaisagroupoflines(ofanynumberoflines,mostfrequentlyoffourlines)boundtogetherbyanendrhyme.
Sonnet:1)ItalianSonnet(意1)ItalianSonnet
FrancescoPetrachThepoetryofearthisnever
dead:aWhenallthebirdsarefaintwiththehot
sun,bAndhideincoolingtrees,avoicewill
run
bFromhedgetohedgeaboutthenew-mown
mead;
aThatistheGrasshopper’s---hetakesthe
leadaInsummerluxury,---hehasnever
donebWithhisdelights;forwhentiredoutwith
funbHerestsateasebeneathsomepleasant
weed.
aThepoetyofearthisceasing
never:cOnalonewinterevening,whenthe
frostdHaswroughtasilence,fromthestovethere
shrills
eTheCricket’ssong,inwarmthincreasing
ever,
cAndseemstooneindrowsinesshalf
lost,dTheGrasshopper’samongsomegrassyhills.
e
anoctave+asestet1)ItalianSonnetFrancesco2)SpenserianSonnetEdmundSpenserForloemylovedothinherselfe
containe
b
Allthisworld’srichesthatmayfarrebe
found.c
Ifsaphyres,loehereyesbesaphyres
plaine:b
Ifrubies,loeherlipsberubies
sound;c
3quatrains+acoupletIfpearls,herteethbepearlsbothpureand
round;c
Ifyvorie,herforeheadyvory
weene;d
Ifgold,herlocksarefinestgoldon
ground;c
Ifsilver,herfairhandsaresilver
sheene.d
Butthatwhichfairestis,butfew
behold:e
Hermind,adornedwithvertues
manifold.e
Ye
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