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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年江西省九江市高二(下)期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共37.5分)AThefollowingfilmsareseveralgoodsci-fimovies.
TheAdamProject
TheAdamProjectfollowsAdam,atime-travelingpilotfrom2050whogetsstranded(滯留)in2022whilepursuingamission.There,hemeetshis12-year-oldself,andthetwoAdamsmustworktogethertoaccomplisholderAdam'sobjective:getbackto2018tosavehiswife'slife.Buttimetravelmakesthingschallenging.ThedirectorisShawnLevyandthemovielasts106minutes.
AfterYang
DirectedbyKogonada,themovieAfterYang,whichlasts96minutes,isadeeplymovingexplorationofmemory.JakeandKyrahaveprovidedtheiradopteddaughterMikawithanandroid(機器人)brothernamedYang.WhenYangstopsfunctioning,JakepromisesMikahewillhaveher"brother"backtonormal.ButastheygothroughYang'smemorybank,JakeandKyramakeseveralmajordiscoveriesaboutYang'spainfulpastandthetruedepthsofhissoul.
Belle
LonelyteenagerSuzuleadsanotherlifeinthevirtualworldknownas"U".There,she'safamoussingernamedBelle.AfteraconcertisviolentlyruinedbyauserknownastheDragon,Bellesetsouttofindhim.Asshesoondiscovers,theybothhavetroubleintheirreallivestheyneedtoovercome.Belleruns121minutesandisdirectedbyMamoruHosoda.
BrianandCharles
Oneday,mild-manneredinventorBriancreatesarobot.Afterastormbringsthisrobottolife,itcallsitself.Charlesanddevelopsakeeninterestineverythingtheworldhastooffer.AnunlikelyfriendshipappearsasCharlesgrowsmoreandmorehuman.Ataperiodof90minutes,BrianandCharlesdirectedbyJimArcheroffersapleasantstory.1.WhatisAdam'sgoalinthefilmTheAdamProject?______A.Tosavehiswife. B.Tobecomeapilot.
C.Toprotecthis12-year-oldson. D.Tofindhischildhood.2.WhatmakesthefilmBelledifferentfromtheothers?______A.Itisasci-fimovie. B.Itlaststhelongest.
C.Itsthemeisfriendship. D.ItisdirectedbyJimArcher.3.Whichfilmwillleaveasmileonaudience'sface?______A.Belle. B.AfterYang.
C.TheAdamProject. D.BrianandCharles.BYacoubaSawadogo,afarmerfromBurkinaFaso,stoppeddesertification(沙漠化)inhisvillagebyworkingtogetherwithhisfamilytoplanttreeswhichhavenowgrownintoavastforest.Thiswasinresponsetoalongdryspell(干旱期)thatcoupledwithover-farmingandover-populationwasbotheringthenorthernpartofthecountry.Atfirst,farmersinhiscommunitythoughthewasgoingmad.
Withnoaccesstomoderntoolsandlackofeducation,hestartedusinganancientAfricanfarmingpracticecalledzai,whichleadstoforestgrowthandimprovedsoilquality.Gradually,thebarrenlandwastransformedintoaforty-hectareforestcontainingover96treeand66plantspecies,manyofwhichwereeatableandmedicinal,aswellasanumberofanimals.
Afterdoingsuchground-breakingworkintheAfricandesert,Sawadogowasfeaturedina2010documentary,TheManWhoStoppedtheDesert,becomingfamousaroundtheworld.Inaddition,hewasawardedtheRightLivelihoodAward,widelyknownasthe"alternativeNobelPrize"in2018,"forturningbarrenlandintoforestanddemonstratinghowfarmerscanregeneratetheirsoilwithinnovativeuseofindigenousandlocalknowledge".
Thetechniqueheuses,zai,hasalsospreadtoneighboringMali,andheteachesittothemanypeoplewhocometolearnfromhim."Iwanttodesignatrainingprogrammethatwillbethestartingpointformanyfruitfulexchangesacrosstheregionandtherearesomanyfarmersfromneighbouringvillagesthatvisitmeforadviceongoodqualityseedstoplant,"Sawadogosays."I'vechosennottokeepmyfarmingmethodsassecretstomyself".
Today,Sawadogoisfacingseriousproblems.Warsandconflictcausedsocialunrest.Anexpansionprojectintheareahastakenupapartofhisforest.Inaddition,theentirefamilyisonguardtoprotecttheareafrompeoplewantingtostealwood.However,allthesehaven'tstoppedthefarmer'shope.4.HowdidthevillagersreacttoSawadogo'sbehavioratfirst?______A.Theyteasedhim. B.Theycopiedhisexample.
C.Theyofferedhelptohim. D.Theyweregratefultohim.5.WhatcanweknowaboutSawadogo?______A.Heledthevillagerstoearnmoney.
B.Hegotpeople'srecognition.
C.Hequarrelledwithotherssometimes.
D.Hesetupprizestorewardothers.6.WhatisSawadogo'swish?______A.Tokeephissecret. B.Toexchangehiscrops.
C.Tosetupaprogram. D.Toinventatechniquelikezai.7.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?______A.Anancientfarmingpractice.
B.Afarmerstoppingthedesert.
C.Waystotackledryproblems.
D.Aneffectivewaytoimprovedesert.CWhileaseaturtle(海龜)maybeprotectedbyitsshell,theyhaveotherstrugglestodealwith.Theyareunabletocloselyadjusttheirbodytemperatures.Sincetheirbodytemperatureiscloselyrelatedtotheenvironment,ifthewatertemperaturefallsbelow50F,seaturtlesareatriskofbecomingunconscious.
Suchwasthecasewith24turtlesrescuedfromCapeCodbeachesbyMassAudubon'sWellfleetBayWildlifeSanctuary,whichbeganinNovember2022andwentintoJanuary2023.Theturtleswerejustputbatckintothewild.
"Seaturtlesinextremelycoldwaterbecomelethargicandareeventuallyunabletoswim,causingthemtofloatsenselesslyatthesurfaceandputtingthematthemercyofthesea.Windand/ortidesmaywashthemontotheshore,"explainstheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)."Iftemperaturesremainloworturtlesarenotrescued,theycandevelopsecondaryhealthproblemsordie."
Cold-relateddangercanhappenanywherebutregularlyhappensinanumberofplaces,includingCapeCodBayinMassachusetts.
ThankfullyfortheCapeCodturtles,MassAudubonstepsuptothetaskwithallhandsondeckduringsuchconditions.Morethan170trainedvolunteerssearchtheshore,sometimesinthemiddleofthenight,usuallyinuncomfortableconditions.Inthe2022season,morethan70%oftheseaturtlesfoundwerealive.OncetheturtlesareprocessedattheSanctuary,volunteersdrivetheturtlestotheNewEnglandAquariumfortreatment.
"Gettingtheturtlesbacktotheiroceanhomeiswhywedothis,inhopesthateachoneoftheseturtleshelpstheirpopulationgrowbackfromthepossibilityofextinction,"saidAdamKennedy,DirectorofRescueandRehabilitation.
TheNOAAnotesthatcold-stunningeventshavebeendocumentedsincethelate1800s.InMassachusetts,thenumberofseaturtlesgettingshockwithcoldwatervariesperyearfromaround50in2000toabout900in2022-makingitthethird-busiestseasononrecord.Scientistshavepredictedthatby2031,theseeventswillbringthousandsofseaturtlestoourshoresannually.8.Whenmightturtlesloseconsciousness?______A.Onsunnydays. B.Onwindydays.
C.Onstormnight. D.Onfreezingnight.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lethargic"inparagraph3probablymean?______A.Small. B.Faint. C.Heavy. D.Adventurous.10.Howwillvolunteersdealwiththeturtleswashedontotheshore?______A.Collectandsellthem. B.Keepthemathome.
C.Treatandsendthemtothesea. D.Raisethemintheaquarium.11.Whatcanweinferaboutturtlesfromthelastparagraph?______A.Cold-relatedeventshavebeenrising.
B.Massachusettsissuitableforturtlestolive.
C.Seaturtleswillgraduallychangetheirhabitats.
D.TheNOAAistoblameforthereduceofturtles.DArtificialIntelligence(AI)modelsareeverywhere.Thevastmajorityofthesemodelsworkusingartificialneuralnetworks,orANNs,whichareapopularformofmachinelearning.
MostANNscanlearntoperformonetaskjustfine.Butwhenitcomestolearninganewtask,theyhaveaproblemthathumanbrainsdon't.Theyeitherfailtolearnthenewtask,ortheylearnthenewthingbuterasemostofwhattheyknewabouttheiroriginaltask.Butthisproblemdoesn'ttendtoaffectthehumanbrains.
"Howdoournewmemoriesgetintothepoolofoldmemorieswithouterasingthem?"PavelSandawondered.Sandaisacomputerscientistwhoisalsopartofaresearchteamthatusedacomputermodeltoexplorehowsleephelpsabrainlearn.Asourbrainssortthroughnewexperiencesduringsleep,heknew,theyreplaythoseeventsmanytimes,sohedecidedtoexperimentwiththisaspectofhumansleepinanAImodel.
First,heandhisteammatestrainedthisAIonasimpletask.Itcontrolledabluedotwanderingthroughagrid(網(wǎng)格)whichwasseededwiththreetypesofpairedgreenblocks.Forthefirsttask,theAIlearnedtoseekoutside-by-sidepairs.Next,theteamtriedteachingittofindoutpairssatdiagonal(對角線)fromeachother.However,theydidn'ttrytoteachitthenewrulesallatonce.Instead,theylettheAlsystemexplorethegridforabrieftime,thentakeasleep-likebreak.
Duringthebreak,therewasnogridandnoshapestoencounter.Sotherewasnothingtoseeandnoactionstotake.Itrandomlyreplayedthewayithadtravelled.Thankstothesesleep-likebreaks,thenetworkmanagedtolearnbothtaskswell.
SleepmaynotbethebestwayforallAImodelstolearnmultipletasks.However,thisnewresearchisaveryimportantfirststeptowardsunderstandingtheimportanceofsleep.12.WhichaspectdomostANNsneedimproving?______A.Theycan'tlearnmultipletasks.
B.Theyareeasytobreakdown.
C.Theydon'thavetheabilitytolearn.
D.Theycan'tperformsingletaskswell.13.WhatdidtheAIdointheexperiment?______A.Itpickedoutabluedotonagrid.
B.Itcontrolledthreepairedgreenblocks.
C.Itcompareddotsofdifferentshapes.
D.Itsoughtoutpairsindifferentplaces.14.Howdidscientistsfeelabouttheexperiment?______A.Disappointed. B.Puzzled. C.Satisfied. D.Shocked.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?______A.RepetitionMakesBetterANNs
B.NewAlsAreBeingTestedout
C."Sleep"CanHelpAlsPerformBetter
D.HumanBrainsDifferFromANNsin"Sleep"二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共12.5分)WonderfulBenef?tsHavingaFamilyPetYouNeedtoKnowFamilypetscomeinallshapesandsizes.Typically,afamilypetcanrangefromdogsandcatstobirds,turtles,andmanymore.(1)______However,thepaybackmeasuresboundless.Inthisbriefarticle,we'lltakeacloserlookatthepositiveeffectsandbenefitsthatafamilypetbringstoanyhousehold.
Petscanhelpkeepyoufit.Alldogsneeddaily,regularwalkstostayhealthyandhappy,andsodopeople!(2)______Andifthatsoundslikeyou,adogmightbetheperfectcure.So,restassuredthatyourdogwilldragyououtinfrontofthedoorandmakeyourunaroundtheparkeverymorning.
Petsmakesureyouneverfeelalone.Thebeautyofowningafamilypetmeansyou'llneverbealone!(3)______Catsanddogsmakeexcellentcompanions,alwayswaitingforyoutoarrivehomepatiently.
(4)______Owningapetcanalsohelpyoumakemorefriends.Forexample,dogsarenaturallycuriousabouttheirenvironment,includingotherpeopleanddogs.Theycanalsoundoubtedlybethefuelforsocialinteractions.
Havingafamilypetathomecanloweryourstresslevels.Asyouprobablyknow,themodernwayoflivingcauseshighlevelsofanxiety.Anditcanleadtocountlesshealthproblems.Fortunately,petscanhelpusrelax.Forexample,watchingyourfishswimcanmakeyourworriesfadeaway.(5)______
Allinall,familypetsmakeagreatcompanionandpositivelyimpactyourlife.
A.Owningafamilypetmeanslotsofwork.
B.Afamilypetcanimproveyoursociallife.
C.Petownerstendtohavelowerbloodpressure.
D.Itisalsoagoodwaytodevelopanewhobby.
E.Nevertheless,wesometimestendtogetabitlazy.
F.Ofcourse,thisholdsforanypetbutespeciallydogsandcats.
G.Similarly,pattingyourcatsordogscanalsohasthesameeffect.16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)AshleyLibertoaskedherstudentstousetheschool's3Dimagingequipmenttomakeaprostheticlimb(假肢)forherdogBentley.
Bentleydevelopedcancerafteronelegbecameswollen,whichwaslater(1)______tosavehislife.Ashleydescribedthisexperienceas"(2)______"and"emotional".
Bentleyisnowhealthyandstill(3)______allofhisusualactivities,buthegets(4)______easilywithonlythreelegs.SoAshleybroughthimintomeettheschool's3Dprintingstudents,andtheywereexcitedtogetto(5)______.
SeniorBrandonledsomestudentsindesigningaprostheticlimbforBentley.Brandonsaiditwasnicetohavea(n)(6)______thatwouldimprovesomeone'slife.Bentley(7)______tohisnewlimbwithease.Andthestudentswere(8)______toseetheirworkputtosuchpractical,real-life(9)______.
"JustseeingBentleywalkwithfourlegsandseeingthe(10)______thisprojectwasgoingtohavewasreallysomethingspecial,"Brandonsaid.
Bentleyis(11)______usingatemporarylimb,butthefinalonewillbereadyinafewweeks.Ashleywashappythatherstudentssteppedupinsucha(12)______toimproveherdog'squalityoflife.
"(13)______areamazing."shesaid."Theyhavesuchanimagination.Theywantto(14)______bigthingsinlife."Thesestudentsreallygotatasteofwhatit'sliketobetrue(15)______.Welldone!21.
A.runover B.cutoff C.checkedup D.hiddenaway22.
A.scary B.embarrassing C.disappointing D.important23.
A.hosts B.guides C.loves D.changes24.
A.bored B.tired C.confused D.lost25.
A.contact B.repair C.work D.adjust26.
A.project B.qualification C.presentation D.urge27.
A.contributed B.added C.turned D.adapted28.
A.surprised B.regretful C.proud D.selfless29.
A.scene B.use C.image D.level30.
A.impact B.purpose C.relation D.problem31.
A.constantly B.frequently C.typically D.currently32.
A.situation B.way C.matter D.case33.
A.Dogs B.Limbs C.Students D.Teachers34.
A.discover B.explore C.influence D.do35.
A.inventors B.operators C.artists D.pioneers四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)36.Lifeisnotonlymakingaliving,butpoetrytoo.Withthisconcept,ChinesefilmPoetryshinesalightonthelong-neglectedworldofpoetry,(1)______(explore)thetensionbetweentheidealsofpoetsandthehardrealitiesoflife,aswellasthe(2)______(persevere)andpassionittakestosticktoone'sbeliefs.
FeaturingyoungactorJiXiangningandactorWangBozhao,whoonce(3)______(star)inthefilmPushingHands,Poetrytellsaninspirationalstoryof(4)______youngconstructionworkernamedHailuowhodreamsofbecomingapoet.Inthefilm,aftersaving20,000yuanforlivingexpenses,Hailuoleaveshisjobandbeginsajourney(5)______(change)hislife.ThedirectortellspeoplethatPoetryisareminderthatpoetryhasthepowertoinspireandmoveus,even(6)______thefaceofadversity.
Thefilmquotesalargenumberofpoems,someof(7)______aresuggestionsprovidedbysomepoetry.Poetry(8)______(film)in2020,whentheentireworldwaslockeddown.This(9)______(natural)increasedthedifficultyoftheshootforboththecastandcrew.Butthedirectorsaidhewasvery(10)______(please)toseethatpoetsareeverywherewhilemakingthefilm.Inhiseyes,apersonwhocanfeelthebeautyoflifeandreflectthatbeautyintheirheartcanbeapoet.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)37.假定你是李華,你校國際部原計劃于本周六進行的郊游因天氣原因而推遲,請你擬一份口頭通知告知學(xué)生。內(nèi)容包括:
(1)表示歉意;
(2)說明原因;
(3)時間另行通知。
注意:
(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
_______38.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
WhenIsetoffformyfirstdayofanewschool,Iwasreallyterrified.Formonthsaftermovinghere,mymaincompanyhadbeenmymotherorotheradults.IcouldonlyspeakGermanandhardlyspokeawordofDutch.
"It'salwaysdifficulttostartanythingnewbutyouaregoingtobefinewithnewfriends,"mymothercomfortedme.
Wewentintoaclassroomwheretherewereabout20childrenwholookedextremelybusy.Ispottedagirlwithdarkhairthatwasalmostblack.Icouldn'tseeherface,asherbackwasturnedtowardme.Inthatmoment,sheturnedaroundandlookedatme.Inaflash,werecognizedeachother.Itwasthegirlfromthecornergrocerystorewherewefirstmet!Weinstantlyrushedintoeachother'sarmslikelong-separatedsisters,sentencesinGermanflowingbetweenuslikeavolcanoofconnection.MyanxietydisappearedandIsmiled.
"MynameisAnnelies.YoucancallmeAnne,"shesaid.
Astwolittlegirlswhodidn'tknowDutch,wewerethrilledtofindeachother,andIdidn'tevennoticewhenmyrelievedmotherwalkedsilentlyoutofthedoor.Annewasalsonewtotheschool.HerfamilyhadrecentlyarrivedfromGermany.Iwasshy.Onthecontrary,Annewasoutgoingandoptimistic,havingnodifficultyadaptingtoanewenvironmentandgettingalongwithothersdespitethelanguagebarrier.
Whenwewenthomeafterschool,AnneandIwerethrilledtodiscoverwewerealsonext-doorneighbors.IttookmelessthanaminutetoraceuptoAnne'sapartment,whichwasaflooraboveours.Theneverydaywewalkedthetenminutestoschooltogether.
SoonwebecamegoodfriendsandIknewalotaboutAnne:shewasagirlofconfidenceandgreatdetermination,withanaimtobecomeadirector.Thatwaswhyshelovedseeingfilms.Shetoldmeherfatherwasawriterandwouldrentaprojector(放映機)onherbirthday.Iwastouchedbyherfather'slove.Iwascuriouswhatherfatherwaslike.
注意:
(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Withthewilltofitin,AnneandIlearnednewDutchwordsandphrases._________
Onherbirthday,Iwenttoherhomeearlynotjustforthefilmbutformycuriosity._________
答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、B、D【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheAdamProject部分中There,hemeetshis12-year-oldself,andthetwoAdamsmustworktogethertoaccomplisholderAdam'sobjective:getbackto2018tosavehiswife'slife.(在那里,他遇到了12歲的自己,兩個Adams必須共同努力完成老亞當?shù)哪繕耍夯氐?018年拯救他妻子的生命)可知,Adam的目標就是去拯救他妻子的生命。故選A。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。比較幾部影片的時長The
director
is
Shawn
Levy
and
the
movie
lasts
106
minutes.(導(dǎo)演是肖恩?利維,電影時長106分鐘);Directed
by
Kogonada,the
movie
After
Yang,which
lasts
96
minutes,is
a
deeply
moving
exploration
of
memory.(由科戈納達導(dǎo)演的電影《楊之后》長達96分鐘,是對記憶的深刻探索);As
she
soon
discovers,they
both
have
trouble
in
their
real
lives
they
need
to
overcome.Belle
runs
121
minutes
and
is
directed
by
Mamoru
Hosoda.(她很快發(fā)現(xiàn),他們在現(xiàn)實生活中都有需要克服的困難。《貝爾》時長121分鐘,導(dǎo)演細田守);At
a
period
of
90
minutes,Brian
and
Charles
directed
by
Jim
Archer
offers
a
pleasant
story.(在90分鐘的時間里,吉姆?阿徹導(dǎo)演的《布萊恩與查爾斯》講述了一個令人愉快的故事。)可知,電影Belle時長l21分鐘,是四部影片中最長的。故選B。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Brian
and
Charles部分Ataperiodof90minutes,BrianandCharlesdirectedbyJimArcheroffersapleasantstory.(在90分鐘的時間里,JimArcher導(dǎo)演的BrianandCharles講述了一個令人愉快的故事)可知,這部電影講述的是令人愉快的故事,因此觀眾在看完后會露出微笑。故選D。
這段短文主要介紹了幾部好的科幻電影。《亞當計劃》講述了一位來自2050年的時空旅行飛行員亞當在追求任務(wù)時被困在2022年,他在那里遇到了12歲的自己,兩個亞當必須合作完成年長亞當?shù)哪繕耍夯氐?018年拯救妻子的生命。導(dǎo)演是肖恩?萊維,電影時長106分鐘。《楊之后》由科戈納達執(zhí)導(dǎo),時長96分鐘,是對記憶的深入探索。杰克和凱拉為他們領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的女兒米卡提供了一個名叫楊的安卓兄弟。當楊停止運作時,杰克承諾米卡他會讓她的"兄弟"恢復(fù)正常。但當他們查看楊的記憶庫時,杰克和凱拉發(fā)現(xiàn)了關(guān)于楊痛苦的過去和他靈魂的真正深度的幾個重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。《貝爾》是由細田守執(zhí)導(dǎo)的,時長121分鐘,講述了孤獨的少年鈴在虛擬世界"U"中過著另一種生活,她是一位名叫貝爾的著名歌手。當一位名為龍的用戶破壞了一場音樂會時,貝爾決定找到他。她很快發(fā)現(xiàn),他們兩個在現(xiàn)實生活中都有需要克服的困難。《布萊恩和查爾斯》講述了一天,溫和的發(fā)明家布萊恩創(chuàng)造了一個機器人。一場風暴使這個機器人活了過來,它自稱為查爾斯,并對世界上的一切產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。隨著查爾斯變得越來越像人類,一段不太可能的友誼出現(xiàn)了。由吉姆?阿切爾執(zhí)導(dǎo),時長90分鐘,提供了一個愉快的故事。
1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。
4~7.【答案】A、B、C、B【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段末句Atfirst,farmersinhiscommunitythoughthewasgoingmad.(起初,他所在社區(qū)的農(nóng)民認為他瘋了)可知,人們最初嘲笑他,認為他瘋了。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容Afterdoingsuchground-breakingworkintheAfricandesert,Sawadogowasfeaturedina2010documentary,TheManWhoStoppedtheDesert,becomingfamousaroundtheworld.Inaddition,hewasawardedtheRightLivelihoodAward,widelyknownasthe'alternativeNobelPrize'in2018(在非洲沙漠進行了如此開創(chuàng)性的工作后,Sawadogo在2010年的紀錄片《阻止沙漠的人》中成為主角,并在世界各地聞名。此外,他還在2018年獲得了被廣泛稱為'另類諾貝爾獎'的正確生計獎)可知,Sawadogo因為他開創(chuàng)性的工作而成為紀錄片的主角并獲獎,由此推斷他的做法得到了人們的認可。故選B。
(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Iwanttodesignatrainingprogramme(我想設(shè)計一個培訓(xùn)項目)可知,Sawadogo想設(shè)計一個培訓(xùn)項目。A.To
keep
his
secret.保守他的秘密;B.To
exchange
his
crops.交換他的莊稼;C.To
set
up
a
program.建立一個項目;D.To
invent
a
technique
like
zai.發(fā)明了像哉這樣的技術(shù)。故選C。
(4)主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,結(jié)合第一段中YacoubaSawadogo,afarmerfromBurkinaFaso,stoppeddesertification(沙漠化)inhisvillagebyworkingtogetherwithhisfamilytoplanttreeswhichhavenowgrownintoavastforest.(來自布基納法索的農(nóng)民YacoubaSawadogo和他的家人一起種樹,阻止了村莊的沙漠化,這些樹現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)長成了一片廣闊的森林)可知,本文主要講述了Sawadogo帶領(lǐng)全家種樹來阻止村莊沙漠化的故事,B項"一個農(nóng)民阻止沙漠化"能總結(jié)文章大意,故選B。
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Sawadogo帶領(lǐng)全家利用古老的非洲農(nóng)業(yè)方法進行植樹造林,阻止村莊沙漠化的故事。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
8~11.【答案】D、B、C、A【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段末句Sincetheirbodytemperatureiscloselyrelatedtotheenvironment,ifthewatertemperaturefallsbelow50
F,seaturtlesareatriskofbecomingunconscious.(由于海龜?shù)捏w溫與環(huán)境密切相關(guān),如果水溫低于50華氏度,海龜就有失去意識的危險。)可知,如果天氣寒冷,水溫變低,海龜就有休克的危險。故選D。
(2)詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的Sea
turtles
in
extremely
cold
water(海龜在極冷的水中)和are
eventually
unable
to
swim,causing
them
to
float
senselessly
at
the
surface(最終無法游泳,導(dǎo)致它們毫無知覺地漂浮在水面上)可知,在寒冷的海水中的海龜會被凍得休克,失去意識,由此猜測lethargic的意思是"暈倒的,昏迷的",和faint意思相近。A.Small.小的;B.Faint.暈倒的;C.Heavy.沉的;D.Adventurous.冒險的。故選B。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Once
the
turtles
are
processed
at
the
Sanctuary,volunteers
drive
the
turtles
to
the
New
England
Aquarium
for
treatment.(一旦海龜在保護區(qū)得到處理,志愿者們就會把海龜送到新英格蘭水族館接受治療。)以及第六段Getting
the
turtles
back
to
their
ocean
home
is
why
we
do
this,in
hopes
that
each
one
of
these
turtles
helps
their
population
grow
back
from
the
possibility
of
extinction(讓海龜回到它們的海洋家園是我們這樣做的原因,希望每一只海龜都能幫助它們的種群從滅絕的可能性中恢復(fù)過來)可知,海龜?shù)玫骄戎髸环呕氐胶@铩.Collect
and
sell
them.收集并出售它們;B.Keep
them
at
home.讓他們呆在家里;C.Treat
and
send
them
to
the
sea.治療并把它們送到海里;D.Raise
them
in
the
aquarium.把它們養(yǎng)在水族館里。故選C。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段中In
Massachusetts,the
number
of
sea
turtles
getting
shock
with
cold
water
varies
per
year
from
around
50
in
2000
to
about
900
in2022-making
it
the
third-busiest
season
on
record.(在馬薩諸塞州,因為冷水而休克的海龜數(shù)量每年都在變化,從2000年的50只左右到2022年的900只左右,這是有記錄以來第三繁忙的季節(jié)。)可知,每年因冷水而導(dǎo)致休克的海龜數(shù)量在增多,可推斷海龜遇冷水而休克的事件也呈增長的趨勢。故選A。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海龜在遇到冷水后會有休克的危險,因此人們正在努力救助休克后被沖上岸的海龜。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
12~15.【答案】A、D、C、C【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段MostANNscanlearntoperformonetaskjustfine.Butwhenitcomestolearninganewtask,theyhaveaproblemthathumanbrainsdon't.Theyeitherfailtolearnthenewtask,ortheylearnthenewthingbuterasemostofwhattheyknewabouttheiroriginaltask.Butthisproblemdoesn'ttendtoaffectthehumanbrains.(大多數(shù)人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)都能很好地完成一項任務(wù)。但當涉及到學(xué)習一項新任務(wù)時,它們有一個人類大腦沒有的問題。它們要么沒有學(xué)會新任務(wù),要么學(xué)會了新東西,但抹去了它們對原始任務(wù)的大部分了解。但這個問題并不影響人類的大腦。)可知,人工智能的缺陷是不能夠同時學(xué)習多項任務(wù)。故選A。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中theAIlearnedtoseekoutside-by-sidepairs.Next,theteamtriedteachingittofindoutpairssatdiagonal(對角線)fromeachother.(人工智能學(xué)會了尋找并排的配對。接下來,團隊試圖教它找出對角線上的對角。)可知,在實驗中人工智能需要學(xué)習找出不同位置的配對物體。故選D。
(3)觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段末句Thankstothesesleep-likebreaks,thenetworkmanagedtolearnbothtaskswell.(由于這些睡眠般的休息,神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成功地學(xué)習了這兩項任務(wù)。)可知,這次實驗是成功的,科學(xué)家很滿意。A.Disappointed.失望的;B.Puzzled.困惑的;C.Satisfied.滿意的;D.Shocked.驚訝的。故選C。
(4)標題判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段SleepmaynotbethebestwayforallAImodelstolearnmultipletasks.However,thisnewresearchisaveryimportantfirststeptowardsunderstandingtheimportanceofsleep.(睡眠可能不是所有人工智能模型學(xué)習多項任務(wù)的最佳方式。然而,這項新研究是理解睡眠重要性的重要的第一步。)可知,本文介紹了科學(xué)家正嘗試通過在人工智能模型中添加睡眠中的某種階段來解決學(xué)習多項任務(wù)這個問題,由此推斷C選項適合作為文章最佳標題。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家正在通過在人工智能中模擬人類睡眠來嘗試解決大多數(shù)人工智能不能同時完成多項任務(wù)的不足。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
16~20.【答案】A、E、F、B、G【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句However,thepaybackmeasuresboundless(然而,回報是無限的),可知A選項"養(yǎng)寵物意味著很多工作"可以和后句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,雖然養(yǎng)寵物意味著很多工作,然而回報是無限的。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句Alldogsneeddaily,regularwalkstostayhealthyandhappy,andsodopeople(所有的狗都需要每天有規(guī)律的散步來保持健康和快樂,人也一樣);以及后句Andifthatsoundslikeyou,adogmightbetheperfectcure(如果這聽起來像你,狗可能是完美的治療方法),可知E選項"然而,我們有時會變得有點懶"可以承接前句人需要保持健康的話題,引出后句,說明當我們變得有點懶時,養(yǎng)狗可能是最好的治療方法。故選E。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句Catsanddogsmakeexcellentcompanions,alwayswaitingforyoutoarrivehomepatiently(貓和狗是很好的伴侶,總是耐心地等你回家),可知F選項"當然,這適用于任何寵物,尤其是狗和貓"符合語境,介紹養(yǎng)狗和貓的好處。故選F。
(4)主題判斷題。根據(jù)后句Owningapetcanalsohelpyoumakemorefriends.Forexample,dogsarenaturallycuriousabouttheirenvironment,includingotherpeopleanddogs.Theycanalsoundoubtedlybethefuelforsocialinteractions(養(yǎng)寵物也能幫你交到更多的朋友。例如,狗天生對周圍的環(huán)境充滿好奇,包括其他人和狗。毫無疑問,它們也可以成為社交互動的助燃劑),可知B選項"養(yǎng)寵物可以改善你的社交生活"可以作為本段主題句,狗能夠成為人們社交互動的助燃劑。故選B。
(5)推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句Forexample,watchingyourfishswimcanmakeyourworriesfadeaway(例如,看著你的魚游泳可以讓你的煩惱消失),可知G選項"同樣地,拍拍你的貓或狗也會有同樣的效果"可以承接上文,說明寵物能夠幫助我們放松。故選G。
這是一篇說明文。作者介紹了養(yǎng)寵物對人們的積極影響。
這個題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系,理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系,對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)或段落的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)對解題很有幫助。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、B、C、A、D、C、B、A、D、B、C、D、A【解析】(1)考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.runover軋過,碾過;B.cutoff切斷,切掉;C.checkedup檢查,審查;D.hiddenaway躲藏。句意:Bentley在一條腿腫脹后患上了癌癥,后來為了挽救他的生命,他的腿被切除了。根據(jù)下文"buthegets(4)easilywithonlythreelegs"可知,Bentley切掉了一條腿,故選B。
(2)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.scary可怕的,嚇人的;B.embarrassing令人尷尬
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