單元素能自測Ⅰ.完形填空12mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing，changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories，I'm__4__abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.However，Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain，withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.ThebestofaKilimanjaro10，inmyopinion，isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生態系統)inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters，14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup，theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides，whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland17：gravel(礫石)，stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.文章講述了非洲乞力馬扎羅山的環境污染以及當地機構努力治理之后環境的改觀情況。1．A.keepB．mixC．connectD．bring答案：D解析：上文語境題。根據第一句“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，每年大約有4萬人試圖攀登乞力馬扎羅山，所以他們攀登的時候帶來(bring)了很多垃圾。2．A.storiesB．buildingsC．crowdsD．reporters答案：C解析：上文語境題。聯系上文中的about40,000people可知，這些人群(crowds)有可能破壞這個地方的美。3．A.positionB．ageC．faceD．name答案：C解析：上文語境題。聯系上文中的Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing可知，冰川的消失正在改變乞力馬扎羅山的面貌(face)。4．A.silentB．skepticalC．seriousD．crazy答案：B解析：下文語境題。聯系下文otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences可知，其他目的地被描述為“更純粹的”自然體驗，所以作者對乞力馬扎羅山被嚴重破壞的報道表示懷疑(skeptical)。beskepticalabout對……表示懷疑。silent沉默的；serious嚴肅的；crazy瘋狂的。5．A.discoverB．argueC．decideD．advocate答案：A解析：下文語境題。聯系下文的muchhaschanged可知，作者發現(discover)了乞力馬扎羅山的變化。argue爭論；decide決定；advocate提倡。6．A.equipmentB．grassC．campsD．stones答案：C解析：下文語境題。聯系下文中的withtoiletsatcamps可知，這里報道的是營地(camps)。7．A.remoteB．quietC．tallD．clean答案：D解析：上下文語境題。聯系上文However(然而)及下文withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths(營地和路邊都有廁所)可推知，作者看到的是干凈的(clean)山。8．A.newB．specialC．significantD．necessary答案：C解析：上文語境題。上文提到乞力馬扎羅山有眾多游客，而且有很多垃圾，還有令人心煩的諸多報道，由此可知，這里面臨的環境挑戰是重大的(significant)。new新的；special特殊的；necessary有必要的。9．A.payingoff B．spreadingoutC．blowingup D．fadingaway答案：A解析：上文語境題。聯系前文的withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths可知，坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(payoff)。spreadout展開；blowup爆炸；fadeaway逐漸消失。10．A.atmosphereB．experienceC．experimentD．sight答案：B解析：下文語境題。聯系下文reachingthetop可知，作者認為乞力馬扎羅山最好的爬山體驗(experience)并不是登頂。atmosphere氣氛；experiment實驗；sight視線。11．A.studiedB．observedC．exploredD．regarded答案：D解析：下文語境題。聯系空后的bymanycultures可知，山在很多文化中被看作是靈魂之地，beregardedas被看作是……。study研究；observe觀察；explore探索。12．A.viewB．qualityC．reasonD．purpose答案：A解析：上下文語境題。結合上文的“文化觀”，再聯系下文的gothroughfiveecosystems可知，這種“經歷五種生態系統”的景色(view)在乞力馬扎羅山表現尤為明顯。quality品質；reason原因；purpose目的。13．A.scientistsB．climbersC．localsD．officials答案：B解析：上文語境題。聯系上文的“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以經歷五種生態系統。scientist科學家；local本地人；official官員。14．A.holdingonto B．goingbacktoC．livingupto D．givingwayto答案：D解析：上文語境題。聯系上文的Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters可知，熱帶雨林在3000米處突然中止，取而代之的是生長著低矮植物的土地。givewayto意為“被……代替”，符合語境。holdonto堅持；gobackto回到；liveupto不辜負。15．A.changesB．clearsC．improvesD．permits答案：A解析：上下文語境題。上文介紹了五種生態系統中的兩種，再聯系下文的lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides可知，在這里氣候又發生了變化(change)。clear清除；improve改善；permit允許。16．A.matchB．imagineC．countD．add答案：C解析：下文語境題。聯系空后的twelveshadesofgreen可知，作者數出了(count)12種綠色。17．A.villageB．desertC．roadD．lake答案：B解析：下文語境題。聯系冒號后的gravel(礫石)，stonesandrocks可知，4000米以上是荒漠(desert)。18．A.ObviouslyB．EasilyC．ConsequentlyD．Finally答案：D解析：上下文語境題。上文介紹了從山下到山上的五個生態系統，所以這里說最后(finally)爬到了一個像北極圈一樣的區域。obviously明顯地；easily容易地；consequently因此，所以。19．A.permanentB．littleC．freshD．artificial答案：A解析：上文語境題。聯系上文的climbintoanarctic-likezone可知，攀登者到了一個像北極圈的地方，所以這里是指常年積雪。permanent意為“永久的，永恒的”，符合語境。little少的；fresh新鮮的；artificial人造的。20．A.enjoyB．deserveC．saveD．acquire答案：B解析：下文語境題。聯系下文的“Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.”可知，作者在這里進行反問：乞力馬扎羅山真的應該獲得(deserve)游人如織，破壞了其平和景象的擁擠山脈這一名聲嗎？Ⅱ.閱讀理解Adesertisabeautifullandofsilenceandspace.Thesunshines,thewindblows,andtimeandspaceseemendless.Nothingissoft.Thesandandrocksarehard,andmanyoftheplantsevenhavehardneedlesinsteadofleaves.Thesizeandlocation(位置)oftheworld'sdesertsarealwayschanging.Overmillionsofyears,asclimateschangeandmountainsrise,newdryandwetareasdevelop.Butwithinthelast100years,desertshavebeengrowingatafrighteningspeed.Thisispartlybecauseofnaturalchanges,butthegreatestmakersarehumans.Humanscanmakedeserts,buthumanscanalsopreventtheirgrowth.MauritaniaisplantingasimilarwallaroundNouakchott,thecapital.Iranputsathingcoveringofpetroleum(石油)onsandyareasandplantstrees.Theoilkeepsthewaterandsmalltreesintheland,andmenonmotorcycles(摩托車)keepthesheepandgoatsaway.Indiaisbuildinglongcanalstobringwatertodesertareas.文章講述了沙漠增加的原因及防止沙漠增加采取的措施。1．Inthispassage,theunderlinedword“needles”refersto________.A．small,thinpiecesofsteelB．long,thinpiecesofbranchesC．small,pointedpiecesgrowthonthestem(莖)ofaplantD．small,thinpiecesofsticks答案：C解析：細節理解題。從“insteadofleaves”可知needles是沙漠中植物的“葉子”。眾所周知沙漠中許多植物的葉子是針狀的，再看steel(鋼)、branches(樹枝)、stick(棒)都不是與葉對應的物體，只有C項(長在植物莖上的尖的小物體)是“針狀葉”的意思，故答案選C。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Thegreatestdesertmakersarehumans.B．Therearen'tanylivingthingsinthedeserts.C．Desertshavebeengrowingquickly.D．Thesizeofthedesertsisalwayschanging.答案：B解析：細節理解題。從“manyoftheplantsevenhavehardneedlesinsteadofleaves”可知沙漠里是有植物生長的，故B項錯誤。3．Peopleinsomecountriesarefightingabattleagainst________.A．thegrowthofdesertsB．thedisappearanceofdesertplantsC．naturalchangesD．congenitalclimate答案：A解析：細節理解題。從“Humanscanmakedeserts,buthumanscanalsopreventtheirgrowth.(人類可以造成沙漠，但人類也可以防止沙漠的擴展。)”可知答案為A。4．WecanguessthatMauritaniabelongsto______.A．Asiancountries B．AmericancountriesC．Europeancountries D．Africancountries答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據常識非洲沙漠遠近聞名，且后文也有India，這說明那里最需要治理，作者舉例也應舉典型的，增加文章的可信度，故答案選D。Ⅲ.讀后續寫Onacoldwindyday,apoorboytriedtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoortodoor.Wanderingonthestreet,hewasnotasuccessfulseller.What'sworse,hefoundthatheonlyhadonedime(十分硬幣)left.Hisemptystomachremindedhimconstantlythatfordayshehadn'teatenanything.Hehadnochoicebuttobegforamealatthenexthouse.Hesitantlyheknockedatthedoor,thinkingaboutwhattosaywhenitopened.However,helosthisnervewhenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor.“WhatcanIdoforyou？”askedtheyoungwoman.Theboypausedforawhile.“Wouldyoupleasegivemesome...adrinkofwater？”theboydarenotlookdirectlyintohereyes.Shelookedatthebonyboyandthoughthemightneedsomethingtogivehimselfenergysoshebroughthimaglassofmilk.Hisheadrisingandsmallhandstakingthecup,hedrankitupslowly,andthenasked,“HowmuchdoIoweyou？”“Youdon'towemeanything，”sherepliedwithawarmsmileonherface.“Mymotherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness.”Deeplymoved,hesaidsincerely,“ThenIshallthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.”AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,hefeltstrongerphysically.ItalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthewholehumanrace.Asamatteroffact,hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethatpoint.Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.However,thelocaldoctorswereunabletogivehertheeffectivemedicaltreatment.Finallytheysenthertoahospitalinthebigcity,wherespecialistscanbecalledintocureherraredisease.Amongthosefamousspecialists,DrHowardKellywascalledinfortheconsultation.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,astrangelightfi