第第頁2022-2023學年陜西省西安市長安區重點中學高一下學期第二次聯考英語試題（原卷版+解析版，有聽力音頻無聽力原文）長安一中第二次教學質量檢測

高一英語試題

時間：120分鐘，滿分：150分

第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)

第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatwillthemandothisafternoon

A.Paintthebedroom.

B.Visitthedentist.

C.Seeamovie.

2.Howwillthespeakersprobablygettothecity

A.Bybus.

B.Bysubway.

C.Bycar.

3.Whydoesthewomanwantnewclothes

A.Foranewjob.

B.Forawedding.

C.Forthehotterweather.

4.Whichmajorwillthemanchoose

A.Law.

B.Art.

C.History.

5.Whatarethespeakerssavingfor

A.Anelectriccar.

B.Anewhouse.

C.Afamilytrip.

第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatdoesthemanusuallyeatforlunch

A.Beefnoodles.

B.Chickenandrice.

C.Eggsandwiches.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Co-workers.

B.Husbandandwife.

C.Restaurantownerandcustomer.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhyisNickmoving

A.Hismothergotajobelsewhere.

B.Hisuniversityisinanothercity.

C.Hissisterhastogotoanotherschool.

9.HowisNickfeelingnow

A.Excited.

B.Anxious.

C.Proud.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidAlicedoinBangladesh

A.Shetookpartinatree-plantingproject.

B.Shestudiedtheclimatechangethere.

C.Shevisitedherfamily.

11.HowwillAlicecollectmoneytohelpwiththeproject

A.Byjoininginamarathon.

B.Bycookingforarestaurant.

C.Byvolunteeringinacharity.

12.Whatnaturaldisasterkilledthemostpeoplein2023inBangladesh

A.Floods.

B.Lightning.

C.Earthquakes.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatisthewoman’sgoalweight

A.Around52kilos.

B.Around50kilos.

C.Around48kilos.

14.WhatsportsdoesthewomandoeverySunday

A.Badminton.

B.Swimming.

C.Dancing.

15.Whatisthewoman

A.Apersonaltrainer.

B.Anofficeworker.

C.Aprofessionalathlete.

16.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace

A.Atagym.

B.Inanoffice.

C.Inahospital.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhatdoweknowabouttheMuseumofFineArts

A.Therearefiveseparateparts.

B.Ithousescollectionsdatingfrom3000B.C.

C.Itisoneofthegreatestmuseumsintheworld.

18.Whichpartdoesthespeakersuggestexploringfirst

A.TheGalleryofModernArt.

B.TheGalleryofClassicArt.

C.TheGalleryofSculpture.

19.Whatdoesthespeakerparticularlyrecommendthelistenerstosee

A.Ancientcoins.

B.Classicpaintings.

C.Frenchmodernart.

20.Whenwillthelistenersmeetinthehall

A.At11:00a.m.

B.At3:00p.m.

C.At4:00p.m.

第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)

第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

A

YourGardenEscape

Eveninthebigcityyoucanfindoases(綠洲)ofcalmandbeauty.Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden,werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.

HornimanGardens

HornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.VisitorscanenjoytheSoundGarden,MeadowField,andevenaPrehistoricGarden,whichfeaturesadisplayof“livingfossils.”Thegardensareverypopularwithfamilies,anddogscanbeletofftheirleadsintheMeadowField.

ChiswickGarden

AsaclassicalgardenlandscapeinLondon,itwasherethattheEnglishLandscapeMovementwasbornwithWilliamKent’sdesigns.Enjoyfreshbread,seasonalfood,andnaturalwinesintheaward-winningcafe,whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape,spottedwithimpressiveartandstatues.

BuckinghamPalaceGarden

The39-acregardenboastsmorethan350typesofwildflowers,over200treesandathree-acrelake.ThegardenalsoprovidesahabitatfornativebirdsrarelyseeninLondon.AtourofthegardencanbecompletedbyhavingacreamteainthecafeoverlookingthePalace’sfamousgrasslandandlake.

KewGarden

TheRoyalBotanicGardenatKewisoneoftheworld’smostfamousgardensandaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden,spotlocalwildlifeatthelake,orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.BesuretovisittheTemperateHouse,whichcontainssomeoftherarestandmostthreatenedplants.

1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinbothHornimanGardensandChiswickGarden

A.Studylivingfossils.

B.Tastedeliciousfood.

C.Enjoyimpressiveart.

D.Appreciatefineviews.

2.Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttojoininhands-onactivities

A.HornimanGardens.

B.ChiswickGarden.

C.BuckinghamPalaceGarden.

D.KewGarden.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext

A.Toinformvisitorsoffamousgardens.

B.Toentertaininterestedgardenvisitors.

C.Tostressthenecessityofgardenescape.

D.Toshowthebenefitsoftouringgardens.

【答案】1D2.D3.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要向讀者介紹了倫敦一些著名的公園景點。

【1題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第二段的“HornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.（霍尼曼花園占地16英畝，享有倫敦的壯麗景色。）”和第三段的“Enjoyfreshbread,seasonalfood,andnaturalwinesintheaward-winningcafe,whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape,spottedwithimpressiveartandstatues.（享受新鮮的面包，時令食品，和天然葡萄酒在屢獲殊榮的咖啡館，而欣賞自然主義的風景之美，發現令人印象深刻的藝術和雕像。）”，可知，游客可以在霍尼曼花園和奇斯威克花園欣賞美景。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章最后一段的“Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden,spotlocalwildlifeatthelake,orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.（在廣闊的花園中漫步，在湖邊觀賞當地的野生動物，或者嘗試上一節園藝課，讓自己的雙手臟起來。）”，可知，如果游客想參加實踐活動，他們應該去KewGarden。故選D。

3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第一段的“Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden,werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.（從皇家宮殿到古典花園，我們推薦巨大的綠色空間來逃離倫敦的喧囂。）”，可知，文章的目的是向游客介紹著名園林。故選A。

B

Mychildhoodwasapaintedpictureofsunnyskyandrollinggreenfieldsstretchingtothehorizon.Ittastedofsharpberriesandsmeltofsourgrapes.Myfamilylivedinacabin(小木屋)inthecountrysidebutIlivedinmymother’sarms.Theyweresodelicatebutstrong,herredhairfallingaroundmelikeacurtainseparatingmefromtheworld.

Childhoodwassimple.Thebordersofmyvillagewerethefurthestmytroubleswentandmonstersonlylivedinthepagesofbooks.Everydaywasawakingdreamofrunningracesandmuddyknees.Myvillagewasarchaic,dyingcabinshousingdyingfarmerswithdyingtraditions.Thereweren’tmanychildrenbutmeandtheotherboys;boysofbutchersandsellersformedourowngroup.

Theycalleduswild.Isupposewewere.Treesandmountainsformedourplaygroundsandfightsbrokeoutaseasilyassuddenlaughter.Liberatedfromtherestrictionsofsociety,wewouldboundintothewoods,deeperanddeeperuntilwefoundalakewhich,withawildyell,wewouldjumpintoallatonce.

Mymostvividmemoriesfromboyhoodcenteraroundthatlake.Watershonebrightlyandthesoundsofourscreamsbrokeintotheoutcryfrombirds.Theshockofcoldwateragainstsweatingskinwouldwakeeverynerveinmybodyandmybarefeetwouldhitthesinkingmuddybottom.Aswesubmerged(淹沒)，timewouldsuspend，movementsslowingasbubblesrosearoundus.

Iwasdrowning.Iwasliving.Iwasliving.Iwasdrowning.

Fortimelessnessorasecond(bothfeltthesame),wewouldsuspend,curlup,andthenbeforcedbackoutintobreathingair.

Weshouldhaveknownthatitwouldn’tlastforever.Yet,evenunderthebestcircumstances,there’ssomethingsotragicaboutgrowingup:tohaveyourperspectiveonthepeopleandlifearoundyouchange;toalwaysstruggletoreachamirroronlytofindyourselftallenoughtoseeyourreflectiononeday.Andfind,adifferentpersonstaringbackoutatyou.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“archaic”meaninparagraph2

A.Borderless.

B.Valueless.

COld-fashioned.

D.Poverty-stricken.

5.Whydidtheauthorconsiderhimselfandotherchildrenwild

A.Theyplayedinthewoodscrazily.

B.Theytrickedotherspurposefully.

C.Theyfrequentlybrokesocialrules.

D.Theyfirmlyrefusedschooleducation.

6.Howdoestheauthorintroducehismemoriesofthelake

A.Bysharingfeelings.

B.Byexpressingideas.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.

D.Bydescribingcharacters.

7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthelastparagraph

A.Lonelinessandchallengesmakeamangrowup.

B.Theregretofgrowthisthatyouhavenevertried.

C.Growthisoftenaccompaniedbysadgoodbyestothepast.

D.Growthbeginswhenwebegintoacceptourownweakness.

【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要描繪了對于童年美好生活的回憶以及對于長大后童年時光逝去的感傷。

【4題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據考查詞匯所在句子“Myvillagewasarchaic,dyingcabinshousingdyingfarmerswithdyingtraditions.（我的村莊很古老，垂死的小屋住著垂死的農民，他們的傳統已經消亡。）”，并結合上下文語境可知此處是描寫我小時候生活的村莊很陳舊。archaic意為“陳舊的”。故選C。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中的“Treesandmountainsformedourplaygroundsandfightsbrokeoutaseasilyassuddenlaughter.Liberatedfromtherestrictionsofsociety,wewouldboundintothewoods,deeperanddeeperuntilwefoundalakewhich,withawildyell,wewouldjumpintoallatonce.（樹木和山脈構成了我們的游樂場，打架就像突然的笑聲一樣容易爆發。從社會的束縛中解放出來，我們會跳進樹林里，越陷越深，直到發現一個湖，我們會大叫一聲，立刻跳進湖里。）”，可知，之所以認為自己和其他孩子都是野孩子，是因為他們在樹林里瘋狂地玩耍。故選A。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第四至六段的“Watershonebrightlyandthesoundsofourscreamsbrokeintotheoutcryfrombirds.Theshockofcoldwateragainstsweatingskinwouldwakeeverynerveinmybodyandmybarefeetwouldhitthesinkingmuddybottom.Aswesubmerged(淹沒)，timewouldsuspend，movementsslowingasbubblesrosearoundus.（水面閃閃發光，我們的尖叫聲被鳥兒的叫聲打斷了。冷水對著出汗的皮膚的沖擊會喚醒我身體的每一根神經，我的光腳會撞到下沉的泥濘的底部。當我們潛入水中時，時間會停止，隨著我們周圍的氣泡上升，運動變慢。）”和“Iwasdrowning.Iwasliving.Iwasliving.Iwasdrowning.（我快淹死了。我還活著。我還活著。我快淹死了。）”以及“Fortimelessnessorasecond(bothfeltthesame),wewouldsuspend,curlup,andthenbeforcedbackoutintobreathingair.（在一段時間或一秒鐘內(兩者的感覺都是一樣的)，我們會暫停，蜷縮起來，然后被迫重新呼吸空氣。）”可知，從自己當時的所見、所聽、所感等多個層面描繪了自己童年時對于湖的回憶。故選A。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段“Weshouldhaveknownthatitwouldn’tlastforever.Yet,evenunderthebestcircumstances,there’ssomethingsotragicaboutgrowingup:tohaveyourperspectiveonthepeopleandlifearoundyouchange;toalwaysstruggletoreachamirroronlytofindyourselftallenoughtoseeyourreflectiononeday.Andfind,adifferentpersonstaringbackoutatyou.（我們早該知道愛情不會永遠持續下去。然而，即使在最好的情況下，成長也有一些悲劇:你對周圍人和生活的看法發生了變化;你總是掙扎著去拿鏡子，卻發現自己已經足夠高，有一天可以看到自己的倒影。然后發現，另一個人正盯著你。）”，可知，在最后一段似乎傳達了“成長常常伴隨著對過去的悲傷告別。”故選C。

C

InshallowcoastalwatersoftheIndianocean,Dugong,akindofseacow,isintrouble.EnvironmentalproblemsposesuchamajorthreattoitssurvivalthattheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)upgradedthespecies’extinctionriskstatus(地位)tovulnerable(脆弱的).

Muchworse,DugongsareatriskoflosingtheprotectionoftheTorresStraitIslanders,whohavelookedafterthemhistorically,huntingthemforfoodsustainablyandmonitoringtheirnumbers.Thesenativepeoplekeeptheirbiodiversity,andhavedeepknowledgeabouttheirenvironment.Butthesepeoplearealsothreatened,inpartbecauserisingsealevelsaremakingitdifficultforthemtolivethere.

Thissituationisn’tuniquetoDugongs.Aglobalanalysisof385culturallyimportantplantandanimalspeciesfound68percentwerebothbiologicallyvulnerableandatriskoflosingtheirculturalprotection.

Thefindingsclearlyillustratethatbiologyshouldn’tbetheprimaryfactorinshapingconservationpolicy,saysanthropologistVictoriaReyes-García.Whenaculturedeclines,thespeciesthatareimportanttothatculturearealsothreatened.“Lotsofconservationiststhinkweneedtoseparatepeoplefromnature,”saysReyes-García.“Butthatstrategymissesthecaringrelationshipmanyculturalgroupshavewithnature.”

Onewaytohelpshiftconservationeffortsistogivespeciesa“bio-culturalstatus,”whichwouldprovideafullerpictureoftheirvulnerability.Inthestudy,theteamusedanewwaytodetermineaspecies’riskofdisappearing:themoreaculturalgroup’slanguageusedeclines,themorethatcultureisthreatened.Themoreacultureisthreatened,themoreculturallyvulnerableitsimportantspeciesare.Researchersthencombinedaspecies’culturalandbiologicalvulnerabilitytoarriveatitsbio-culturalstatus.IntheDugong’scase,itsbio-culturalstatusisendangered,meaningitismoreatriskthanitsIUCNcategorizationsuggests.

Thisnewapproachtoconservationinvolvespeoplethathavehistoricallycaredforthem.Itcanhighlightwhencommunitiesneedsupporttocontinuetheircare.Scientistshopeitwillbringmoreeffortsthatrecognizelocalcommunities’rightsandencouragetheirparticipation-takingadvantageofhumans’connectionwithnatureinsteadofcreatingmoreseparation.

8.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthenativepeopleandDugongs

A.ThenativepeoplehelpconserveDugongs.

B.ThenativepeopletrainDugongstosurvive.

C.Dugongsruinthenativepeople’senvironment.

D.Dugongsforcethenativepeopletoleavehome.

9.WhichstatementwillReyes-Garcíaprobablyagreewith

A.Theprotectionpolicyisusedincorrectly.

B.Cultureisconnectedtospecies’existence.

C.Manygroupstakegoodcareofeachother.

D.Conservationistsprefernatureoverpeople.

10.Howisthestudymethoddifferentfrompreviousones

A.Itinvolvesmorepreservationefforts.

B.ItreliesontheIUCN’sclassification.

C.Ithighlightstheeffectofhumanlanguages.

D.Itassessesthebiologicalinfluenceofaspecies.

11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthelatestapproach

A.Conservative.

B.Favourable.

C.Critical.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.B

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要通過海牛Dugong的例子講述了文化與物種生存的內在關聯。

【8題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第二段的“Muchworse,DugongsareatriskoflosingtheprotectionoftheTorresStraitIslanders,whohavelookedafterthemhistorically,huntingthemforfoodsustainablyandmonitoredtheirnumbers.Thesenativepeoplekeeptheirbiodiversity,andhavedeepknowledgeabouttheirenvironments.”（更糟糕的是，Dugongs正面臨著失去托雷斯海峽島民保護的危險，這些島民以前一直在照顧Dugongs，現在持續地獵殺它們作為食物，并監控它們的數量。這些當地人保持著他們的生物多樣性，對他們的環境有深刻的了解。）可知，當地人與Dugongs的關系是當地人幫助保護Dugongs。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第四段的“Whenaculturedeclines,thespeciesthatareimportanttothatculturearealsothreatened.”（當一種文化衰落時，對該文化重要的物種也受到威脅。）可知，Reyes-García可能會同意“文化與物種的生存息息相關。”故選B。

【10題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第五段的“Inthestudy,theteamusedanewwaytodetermineaspecies’riskofdisappearing:themoreaculturalgroup’slanguageusedeclines,themorethatcultureisthreatened.Themoreacultureisthreatened,themoreculturallyvulnerableitsimportantspeciesare.Researchersthencombinedaspecies’culturalandbiologicalvulnerabilitytoarriveatitsbio-culturalstatus.”（在這項研究中，研究小組使用了一種新的方法來確定一個物種消失的風險：一個文化群體的語言使用下降得越多，該文化受到的威脅就越大。一種文化受到的威脅越多，其重要物種在文化上就越脆弱。然后，研究人員將一個物種的文化和生物脆弱性結合起來，得出它的生物文化狀態。），可知，與以前的學習方法相比，現在的研究方法突出了人類語言的影響。故選C。

【11題詳解】

觀點態度題。根據文章最后一段的“Thisnewapproachtoconservationinvolvespeoplethathavehistoricallycaredforthem.Itcanhighlightwhencommunitiesneedsupporttocontinuetheircare.”（這種新的保護方法涉及到歷史上一直照顧它們的人。它可以突出社區何時需要支持以繼續提供護理。），可知，贊成最新的方法。故選B。

D

Adaptingtotechnologicaladvancesisadefiningpartofthe21st-centurylife.JusttwomonthsafterbeinglaunchedinNovember2022,OpenAI’sChatGPThasalreadyreachedanaudienceofover100millionpeople.WhileChatGPTthreatenstochangewritingandwriting-relatedwork,theMesopotamians,wholived4,000yearsagoinageographicalareacenteredinmodern-dayIraq,wentthroughthiskindoffar-reachingchangebeforeus.

AncientMesopotamiawashometomanyofcivilization’searlydevelopments.Itspeoplewereworldleadersinadaptingtotechnologicalandculturalchanges.Theyinventedthewheelandagriculture,andpioneeredadvancesinmathematicsandurbanization.Thesebreakthroughsarereflectedincuneiform(楔形文字)literature，oneoftheoldestknownformsofwriting.

Initsliterature,Mesopotamiansdon’tpresentculturalandtechnologicaladvancesasconsistentlybeneficial.Theyoftenrepresentnewtechnologiesbeingcontrolledintheserviceofhumanconflictandmostlyservingtheinterestsofthosewithhighsocialpositions.Insomeways，therepresentationofnewtechnologiesinitsliteratureechoes(映現)contemporaryconcernsaboutAI:fearsofincreasingsocialinequalitiesanditspotentialuseininformationwar.

Inrecentyears，AI—thenewestformofwriting—hasbeenusedtodecipher(破譯)theoldest:cuneiformliterature.Inbroaderfields,theboundariesofhowAImaybeusedhaven’tbeenclearlyexplained.InJanuary,forexample,atopinternationalAIconferencebannedtheuseofAItoolsforwritingscientificpapers.

Humanshavebeenstrugglingtoinvent,useandadapttotechnologysinceourearliestcivilizations.Butthetechnologyandresultingknowledgearenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Knowinghowweadaptedtochangingtechnologyinthepasthelpsusmorefullyunderstandthehumanconditionandmayevenhelpusprepareforthefuture.

12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutconcerningMesopotamians

A.Theiradaptationtothreats.

B.Theirinfluencesonwriting.

C.Theircontributiontoliterature.

D.Theirachievementsincivilization.

13.Whatcanbeinferredabouttechnologicaladvancesfromparagraph3

A.Theypreventhumanconflict.

B.Theybringabouthiddendangers.

C.Theytakeawaypeople’sconcerns.

D.Theylowerpeople’ssocialstatus.

14.WhatisthecurrentsituationofAIaccordingtoparagraph4

A.Itsuseinliteratureispopular.

B.Itisnotallowedtofinishpapers.

C.Itsrangeofapplicationisundefined.

D.Itisnotacceptedinbroaderfields.

15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext

A.HowPeopleCanUsetheLatestTechnology

B.HowChatGPTWillThreatenWritingandWork

C.WhatAIWillDobyLearningCuneiformLiterature

D.WhatHistoryCanTeachUsAboutNewTech’sImpact

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述歷史上美索不達米亞人的科技成就及其影響來啟示當今的科技發展及影響。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據文章第二段的“AncientMesopotamiawashometomanyofcivilization’searlydevelopments.Itspeoplewereworldleadersinadaptingtotechnologicalandculturalchanges.Theyinventedthewheelandagriculture,andpioneeredadvancesinmathematicsandurbanization.Thesebreakthroughsarereflectedincuneiform(楔形文字)literature，oneoftheoldestknownformsofwriting.（古代美索不達米亞是許多早期文明發展的發源地。它的人民在適應技術和文化變化方面處于世界領先地位。他們發明了車輪和農業，開創了數學和城市化的先河。這些突破反映在楔形文字文學中，這是已知最古老的書寫形式之一。）”，可知，關于美索不達米亞人，第二段主要討論了“他們的文明成就”。故選D。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第三段的“Theyoftenrepresentnewtechnologiesbeingcontrolledintheserviceofhumanconflictandmostlyservingtheinterestsofthosewithhighsocialpositions.（它們通常代表著為人類沖突服務而被控制的新技術，主要為那些社會地位高的人的利益服務。）”，可知，從第3段可以推斷出技術進步的“它們帶來了隱患。”。故選B。

【14題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第四段的“Inbroaderfields,theboundariesofhowAImaybeusedhaven’tbeenclearlyexplained.（在更廣泛的領域，人工智能如何使用的界限還沒有得到明確的解釋。）”，可知，根據第4段，AI的現狀是“它的應用范圍是不明確的?！惫蔬xC。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。通過對文章結構和內容的分析，再根據最后一段“Humanshavebeenstrugglingtoinvent,useandadapttotechnologysinceourearliestcivilizations.Butthetechnologyandresultingknowledgearenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Knowinghowweadaptedtochangingtechnologyinthepasthelpsusmorefullyunderstandthehumanconditionandmayevenhelpusprepareforthefuture.（自最早的文明以來，人類一直在努力發明、使用和適應技術。但是技術和由此產生的知識并不總是均勻分布的。了解我們如何適應過去不斷變化的技術有助于我們更全面地了解人類的狀況，甚至可能幫助我們為未來做好準備。）”，可知本文主要通過講述歷史上美索不達米亞人的科技成就及其影響來啟示今天的科技發展及影響。所以短文的標題為“關于新技術的影響，歷史能告訴我們什么”。故選D。

第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

HaveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincitiesUrbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.____16____

It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.Inthecountry,evaporation(蒸發)ofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltheair.____17____Havingfewerplants,citieshavelessevaporationandareunabletocooldownthetemperature.

Darkcoloursareanotherproblem.Darkobjectsabsorballwavelengthsoflight,makingthetemperatureincreasemorenoticeably.Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy.____18____Sadly,mostpartsofcitiesarecoveredbyasphalt(瀝青),steel,roofsandbrickswhichareoftendarkincolour.

____19____Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.Thewasteheataddstothesolarenergytrappedbythetallbuildings.

Butcitiesdon’thavetobesohot.Somecitieshavelightenedtheirstreets.Thisisdonebycoveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating.____20____

Havingmoregreenspacesalsohelps.Plantsserveasanaturalairconditioner.Theycatchheat,releasevapour(蒸汽)intotheair,andtakeawayheat,contributingtocooler,freshercities.

A.Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.

B.Thehigherthetemperature,theshorterthewavelength.

C.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.

D.Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.

E.Changesinbuildingmaterialshaveaminimaleffectoncitytemperatures.

F.Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.

G.Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.

【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.A20.G

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章介紹了熱島效應。

【16題詳解】

段末句，考查段落結論句。根據上文提示“HaveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincitiesUrbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.”（你有沒有注意到，農村的夜晚比城市涼爽得多城市地區在白天也往往比附近有很多綠色植物的地區更熱。）可知，本文是一篇介紹熱島效應的科普文。首段的行文邏輯為從現象到結論，從而引出熱島效應這一地理名詞。所以，C項“Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.”（這種現象被稱為城市熱島效應。）符合題意。故選C。

【17題詳解】

段中句，考查轉折性過渡句。F選項“Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.”（相比之下，城市的大部分土壤已經被道路和建筑物覆蓋。）的“城市的土地被道路和建筑覆蓋”與前一句“evaporationofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltoair”（土壤和植物葉子中的水分蒸發有助于冷卻到空氣中）形成轉折關系。這兩句回應第二段主題句“It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.”（這主要是由于城市和農村覆蓋地面的材料不同造成的。）故選F。

【18題詳解】

段中句，考查結論性過渡句。空前句子“Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy”（相反，白色物體反射所有波長的光能）和D選項“Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.”（所以它不會轉化為使空氣變熱的熱量。）形成因果關系。即，白色物品會反射所有波長的光，因此能量不會被轉換成熱量，從而讓空氣變熱。故選D。

【19題詳解】

段首句，考查段落主題句。A選項“Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.”（城市也比郊區產生更多的熱量。）中的“producemoreheat（產生更多的熱量）”與選項下一句“Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.”（隨著人們開車、給建筑物供暖和使用空調，城市正在產生廢熱，并將其直接排放到大氣中。）中的“generatewasteheat（產生廢熱）”形成對應關系。開車，供暖或是開空調都是產生熱量的行為。故選A。

【20題詳解】

段末句，考查遞進邏輯關系。本段的討論內容為解決熱島效應的方法。G選項中的“thesechanges（這些變化）”對應了選項前面一句的方法，即，“coveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating”（覆蓋黑色瀝青街道、停車場和深色屋頂的反光性更強的灰色涂層）。同時，G選項“Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.”（這些變化會使氣溫急劇下降，尤其是在夏天。）進一步解釋了這些舉措所能帶來的好處，與前文形成遞進關系。故選G。

第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節，滿分30分)

第一節(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle____21____toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven____22____theentireevening.SoI____23____thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable____24____inmylife.

____25____,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto____26____withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave____27____careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it____28____thebalanceofourfamily.

Apartfromsufferingfrom____29____,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydoIthinkwecanalltryto_____30_____ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto_____31_____andchatlaterthatday,_____32_____settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch_____33_____.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson_____34_____himtomakethebreakfast.

Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe_____35_____someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

21.A.widenedB.formedC.lessenedD.closed

22.A.missedB.avoidedC.enjoyedD.recorded

23.A.wastedB.treasuredC.limitedD.calculated

24.A.showsB.dishesC.recipesD.moments

25.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides

26.A.sleepB.dineC.studyD.play

27A.suitableB.flexibleC.satisfyingD.demanding

28.A.maintainsB.disturbsC.improvesD.strikes

29.A.fearB.angerC.guiltD.hunger

30.A.predictB.createC.evaluateD.accept

31.A.workoutB.calmdownC.holdonD.catchup

32.A.unwillinglyB.casuallyC.consciouslyD.carelessly

33.A.louderB.shorterC.simplerD.sweeter

34.A.assistsB.guidesC.allowsD.orders

35.A.officeB.kitchenC.houseD.park

【答案】21.A22.A23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.B29.C30.B31.D32.C33.D34.A35.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞“共享親子時光”這一話題展開，體現親情的可貴。感慨，總有一天兒子會長大，并且離開家。

【21題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有時，家庭聚餐的圈子擴大到包括親戚。A.widened拓寬；B.formed組成，構成；C.lessened減少；D.closed關閉。根據后文toincluderelativesstoppingby可知，家里的餐桌會擴大，以容納這些來訪的親戚。故選A。

【22題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我認識一些朋友，他們的父母晚飯后才回家，甚至整個晚上都沒有回家。A.missed錯過，想念；B.avoided避免；C.enjoyed享受，喜愛；D.recorded記錄。根據空前parentsgothomeafterdinneroreven...可知，此處和前文形成遞進關系。即，父母會在晚飯時間之后回家，甚至是錯過一整個晚上。故選A。

【23題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我很珍惜圍坐在餐桌旁的美好時光，它見證了我生命中無數珍貴的時刻。A.wasted浪費；B.treasured珍惜，重視；C.limited限制；D.calculated計算。設空處前文提到Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinnerorevenmissedtheentireevening。因此，十分珍惜餐桌旁的親子時光。故選B。

【24題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我很珍惜圍坐在餐桌旁的美好時光，它見證了我生命中無數珍貴的時刻。A.shows表演；B.dishes菜肴；C.recipes食譜；D.moments片刻。根據空前的qualitytime可知,餐桌旁見證了我人生中無數珍貴的瞬間。故選D。

【25題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我的孩子們無法將我的童年記憶聯系起來。A.However然而；B.Otherwise要不然的話，否則；C.Therefore因此；D.Besides另外，此外。結合空前kitchentablewitnessedcountlessvaluablemomentsinmylife，與空后Theyhavebeenleftto________withbabysitters可知，小時候可以和父母共進晚餐，但是的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐。因此形成轉折關系。翻譯為“但是，對我的孩子們來說，他們并不能對我童年的回憶感同身受”。故選A。

【26題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不和保姆一起吃飯的次數比我愿意承認的還要多。A.sleep睡覺；B.dine進餐，吃飯；C.study學習，研究；D.play玩。根據空個前后“Theyhavebeenleftto____6____withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.”可知，全文圍繞“一家人共進晚餐”這話題展開，所以這里指“吃飯”。故選B。

【27題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我丈夫和我的工作要求很高。A.suitable合適的；B.flexible靈活的；C.satisfying令人滿意的；D.demanding要