Unit16Stories語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握過去完成時的用法；區分一般過去時與過去完成時的用法。2、掌握并區分have/get后加復合賓語的用法。一.過去完成時1.定義：過去完成時是表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作、事情。它表示的是發生在“過去的過去”的動作，只有在和過去某個時間或動作相比較的時候才會使用過去完成時。2.構成：

肯定式：had+

動詞的過去分詞

否定式：hadn't+

動詞的過去分詞 疑問式：Had…+

動詞的過去分詞 簡略回答:Yes,

主

+have/hashad. No,

主

+had.3.用法：=1\*GB3①表示在過去某一時間或某個動作之前已經發完成的動作或狀態，強調在過去某一動作之前發發生了另一動作，即“過去的過去”。此句中常有by引導的時間狀語從句或以before,until,when,than等詞引導的一般過去時的時間狀語從句。ByyesterdayeveningIhadlearntaboutthenews.昨晚我就已經得知了這個消息。Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.他們到的時候，公交車已經離開了。TheyweresorrytheyhadneverbeentotheGreatWall.他們因從未去過長城而感到遺憾。=2\*GB3②表示一個動作或狀態在過去某個時間之前發生或存在，一直持續到這個過去時間，并有可能持續下去。此時句中常有for或since構成的時間狀語或since，after引導的時間狀語從句。Hehadworkedformorethan10hoursbeforewearrived.在我們到達之前，他已經工作10多個小時了。Shesaidshehadmadegreatprogresssinceshecamehere.她說自從她到這兒已經取得了很大進步。=3\*GB3③表達過去未曾實現的愿望，意思是“本打算（希望）......”，常用下列動詞的過去完成式來表示：plan,want,hope,think,intend,mean,suppose,expect等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'tgetthereintime.他們本想去幫忙，但沒能及時趕到那兒。=4\*GB3④用于nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when句型中，意為“一......就......”。Nosoonerhadhesatdownthanthephonerang.他剛坐下電話鈴就響了。=5\*GB3⑤用于itwasthefirst/second...timethat及itwas...since...后的從句中Thiswasthefirsttimehehadeverbeenlate.

這是他第一次遲到。Itwasthreeyearssincewehadleftthecity.

（那時）我們離開那座城市已有三年。二.過去完成時與一般過去時的區別1.一般過去時表示過去時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，而過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成得動作或狀態，即“過去的過去”。當強調過去某一動作發生在另一動作之前時，常用過去完成時。比較：TheclasshadalreadybegunwhenIcametoschool.當我來到學校時，已經開始上課了。HehadgonehomebeforeIgottohisoffice.在我到達他的辦公室之前，他就已經回家了。2.一般過去時與過去完成時都可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用，但側重點有所不同。比較：Theyhaddonetheworkatfiveo'clock.在5點鐘的時候他們已經完成了那項工作。Theydidtheworkatfiveo'clock.他們是在五點鐘做那項工作的。3.在帶有after或before引導的時間狀語從句的復合句中，由于從句的動作和主句的動作發生的先后順序已經非常明確，所以可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadreturned.他回來不久便來拜訪我了。=Hecalledonmesoonafterhereturned.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIgottothestation.我到站之前，火車已經離開了。=ThetrainleftbeforeIgottothestation.三.have/get+復合賓語have,get后接三種形式做賓語補足語時，have,get意為“使，讓，叫”。1.have/getsth.done使/讓某事由別人去做（叫/讓某人做某事）I'llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.明天我會叫人給我修自行車。誤區警示：havesth.done還表示“使某事/某物遭受......”。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.湯姆踢足球時，一條腿摔斷了。2.havesb./sth.doingsth.使/讓某人/某物持續地做某事（現在分詞表示主動和正在進行）；getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物開始做某事Thepeasantshadthetractorsworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.在收獲的時節，農民們讓拖拉機夜以繼日地工作。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進。誤區警示：havesb.doing若用于否定句中，have有“容忍”之意。Ican'thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.我不會容忍你跟你的父母那樣說話。Don'thavethewaterrunningallthetime.不要讓水流個不停。3.havesb.dosth./getsb.todosth.使/讓/叫某人去做某事Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.媽媽讓我去商店買些鹽。Ican'tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon'tlistentome.我不能阻止他吸煙。他不聽我的。例1.（2014北京高考）Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit_____whenIarrived.A.startedB.wasstarting C.wouldstartD.hadstarted例2.（2014山東高考）Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe_____.A.willexpectB.areexpectingC.expectD.hadexpected例3.（2014陜西高考）Nosooner____steppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.hadMoYanMoYanhadhasMoYanMoYanhas例4.（2014浙江高考）Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshe____mostoftheguestsbefore.hasseenhadseensawwouldsee例5.Theymightjusthaveaplace____onthewritingcourse---whydon'tyougiveitatry?A.leftB.leaveC.leavingD.toleave基礎演練一.用括號里所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.He______(abandon)hiswifeanddaughterbeforehebecameafamousviolinist.2.Hewastremblingallthewaybecausehewastoldthenewsthathisson______(knock)anoldladyoveronhiswayhome.3.Whensheturnedaroundthecorner,shefoundthattheroad______alreadybeen______(block)out.4.He______(gather)allhiscouragetoaskforapayrisebeforehewenttoworkthatday,butwasstilltoonervoustotellittohisboss.5.He______(go)throughlotsofhardshipbeforehecamehere,buthedidn'tloseheart.6.Onceuponatime,akinglikedhorsesverymuchandheoftenhadartists______(paint)horsesforhim.7.Intheoldsociety,peoplesometimeshadtohavetheirchildren______(abandon)forlackofmoney.8.ItoccurredtomethatIcouldhavethevase______(preserve)inthemuseum.9.Youshouldn'tgetyourself______(discourage).Afterall,youarenotaloneonthispoint.10.Youcan'tgetthestubbornboy______(change)hismind.二.單項選擇。1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgone B.hadstudied,went C.hasstudied,goes D.hadstudied,hadgone2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyed B.wasenjoying C.hadenjoyed D.wouldenjoy3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeenin B.hadbeenin C.hadbeento D.hadgoneto4.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he______itforaverylongtime.A.hashad B.hadhad C.has D.had5.Youcan'thavethehorse______alltheway.It'stoohot.A.run B.torun C.running D.toberunning鞏固提高一.用括號里所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.She______(count)onheruncletosupportherbeforeshegraduatedfromuniversity.2.Atlast,thesufferingshe______(suffer)paidoffandhisbiographycameoutatlast.3.Onhiswaytothestation,hecameacrossanoldclassmatehe______(notsee)foralongtime.4.Istilldidn'tfigureoutwhat______(happen)toherbecauseshewasdiscouragedwheneverImether.5.Itwasthesecondtimethathe______(burst)outoftheclassroomwithoutpermission.6.Thetroublesomeboyhadhisfather'scarwindow______(break).7.Youshouldn'thavehadtheprecioustime______(waste)onthecomputergames.8.Thetrafficjamhadthem______(holdup)onthecoldwintermorning.9.Itwasseverecold.NomatterhowhardItried,Istillcouldn'tgetthecar______(run)again.10.Theclevermanhadthecomplexphysicalproblem______(figureout)inaninstant.二.單項選擇。1.Lastmonth,studentsinXiuningHighSchoolgotinvolvedinthesportsmeeting,forwhichthey_____forquitealongtime.A.hasprepared B.prepared C.hadprepared D.wouldprepare2.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar______.A.washed B.wash C.washing D.towash3.（2014安徽高考）Thetwins,who______theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.A.willfinish B.finish C.havefinished D.hadfinished4.Doyouthinkyoucouldgetthisparcel______forme,please?A.mailed B.tomail C.mailing D.mail5.He______footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplaying B.played C.hasplayed D.hadplayed一.用動詞的適當形式填空。1.

We

_________

(paint)

the

house

before

we

_________

(move)

in.

2.

That

rich

old

man

_________

(make)

a

will

before

he

_________

(die).

3.

They

_________

(study)

the

map

of

the

country

before

they

________

(leave).

4.

The

robbers

_________

(run

away)

before

the

policemen

_______

(arrive).

5.

I

_________

(turn

off)

all

the

lights

before

I

_________

(go)

to

bed.6.

Paul

__________

(go)

out

with

Jane

after

he

_________

(make)

a

phone

call.

7.

Tom

_________

(say)

he

__________

(read)

the

book

twice.

8.

Our

plan

__________

(fail

)

because

we

_________

(make)

a

bad

mistake.

9.

When

the

chairman

__________

(finish)

speaking,

he

_________

(leave)the

hall.

10.

The

Reads

________

(have)

lunch

when

I

_________(get)

to

their

house.

二.單項選擇。1.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______andalotofthings________.A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolen B.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolen2.Bytheendoflastcentury,we_______ourcountryintoastrongmoderncountry.A.willbuild B.hadbuilt C.havebuilt D.willhavebuilt3.We________theworkbysixyesterdayevening.A.finished B.wouldfinish C.hadfinished D.hadbeenfinished4.I________tohelpyoubutcouldn'tgethereintime.A.want B.hadwanted C.havewanted D.waswanting5.Mrs.Wutoldmethathersister_________.A.leftabouttwohoursbefore B.wouldleaveabouttwohoursbeforeC.hasleftabouttwohoursago D.hadleftabouttwohoursbefore6.WhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.A.arehaving B.havealreadyhad C.havehad D.hadalreadyhad7.Itseemedthattheoldman_________somethingimportant.A.haslost B.hadlost C.lost D.wouldlose8.Wewillhaveyou_________thatthemachinehasbeenmade________atfullspeed.A.know;working B.know;toworkC.knowing;work D.know;work9.DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,______bythetimeIarrived.A.she'dleft B.she'sleft C.Shewasleft D.shemustleave10.ThejobprovedtobemuchmoredifficultthanI______.A.expect B.expected C.wouldexpect D.hadexpected__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.單項選擇。1.Wecouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersbecausethey_____toolongbeforeus.A.started B.werestarting C.havestarted D.hadstarted2.Shefeltanxiousabouthersonasshe________forquitealongtime.A.haven'theardhim B.hadn'theardhimC.haven'theardfromhim D.hadn'theardfromhim3.Bythetimethespeakerenteredthehall,allthelisteners_______.A.hadbeenseated B.wereseated C.seated D.wereseating4.BytheendoflastJuly,thisbuilding_________.A.willbefinished B.willhavefinishedC.willhavebeenfinished D.hadbeenfinished5.Bythetimethewar____,mostofthepeoplehadleft.A.wasbegan B.wasbrokenout C.brokeout D.hadbeenbrokenout6.Ifshe______harder,shewouldhavesucceeded.A.hadworked B.haveworked C.shouldwork D.worked7.Iwon'thaveyou______toyourmotherinthatway.A.say B.talking C.talked D.speak8.---Somemoneyismissing.---Well,wemustgetthepolice_______atonce.A.toinform B.informing C.informedof D.informed9.Thatdinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe___.A.wouldhave B.havehad C.hadneverhad D.hadeverhad10.WhenJackarrived,helearnedMary______foralmostanhour.A.hadgone B.hadsetof C.hadleft D.hadbeenaway二.根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Weareallcalledupontoamakeaspeechatsomepointinlife,butmostofusdon’tdoaverygoodjob.1. So,youhavetogiveaspeech---andyouareterrified.Yougetnervous,youforgetwhatyouwanttosay,youstumble（結結巴巴）overwords,youtalktoolong,andyouboreyouraudience.Lateryouthink,“Thankgoodness,itisover.Iamjustnotgoodatpublicspeaking.IhopeIneverhavetodothatagain.” Cheepup!2.Herearesomesimplestepstotakethepainoutofspeechmaking.Askyourselfthepurposeofyourspeech.Whatistheoccasion?Whyareyouspeaking?Then,gatherasmanyfactsasyoucanonyoursubject.Spendplentyofyourtimedoingyourresearch.Thenspendplentyoftimeorganizingyourmaterialsothatyourspeechisclearandeasytofollow.Useasmanyexamplesaspossible,andusepictures,charts,andgraphsiftheyhelpyoumakeyourpointsmoreclearly.3.Don’ttalkovertheirheads,anddon’ttalkdowntothem.Treatyouraudiencewithrespect.Theywillappreciateyourthoughtfulness. Justremember:Beprepared.Knowyoursubject,youraudience,andtheoccasion.Bebrief.4.Andbeyourself.Letyourpersonalitycomethroughsothatyoumakeperson-to-personcontactwithyouraudience.Ifyoufollowthesesimplesteps,youwillseethatyoudon’thavetobeafraidofpublicspeaking.Infact,youmayfindtheexperiencesoenjoyablethatyouvolunteertomakemorespeeches!You’renotconvincedyet?_5_.A.Itdoesn’thavetobethatbad.B.Takeseveraldeepbreaths