2022年福建省福州市大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總（含答案）學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Smokersareeasytosufferfrominflammatoryheadachesbecausesmokingcancause______.

2.

Theozonelayerinthestratosphere______.

3.

TheUnitedStateshasturneditselffromahegemonicpowertoaguardianofdemocracybytheintroductionof______totheMiddleEast.

4.

Subbaramansuggestedthatforeigninvestorsshouldattachimportanceoffivepointsthoughthereisalmostnotany______forsuccess.

5.

Competitionforgradesandotherpressuresaresupposedtotaketheresponsibilityof______.

6.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardsamixtureofbloodbetweendogsandwolves?

A.It'snotencouraged.

B.It'sstronglyprotested.

C.It'swarmlywelcomed.

D.It'srespondedindifferently.

7.

Playingintheathleticfields,childrenstillneed______sothattheplaytimecanbemoreeffectiveandproductive.

8.

InJapaneseorganizationscoordinationandintegrationarevaluedmuch.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Hostagesituationsareusuallyintremendousdisorder,sotherearenoobviousstagesinthem,

A.YB.NC.NG

10.ABriefIntroductionofMarkTwain

Twain,Mark,pseudonym(筆名)ofSamuelLanghomeClemens(1835-1910),Americanwriterandhumorist,whosebestworkischaracterizedbybroad,oftenirreverent(不敬的)humororbitingsocialsatire.Twain'swritingisalsoknownforrealismofplaceandlanguage,memorablecharacters,andhatredofhypocrisyandoppression.

EarlyYears

BorninFlorida,Missouri,ClemensmovedwithhisfamilytoHannibal,Missouri,aportontheMississippiRiver,whenhewasfouryearsold.Therehereceivedapublicschooleducation.Afterthedeathofhisfatherin1847,ClemenswasapprenticedtotwoHannibalprinters,andin1851hebegansettingtypeforandcontributingsketchestohisbrotherOrion'sHannibalJournal.SubsequentlyheworkedasaprinterinKeokuk,Iowa;NewYorkCity;Philadelphia,Pennsylvania;othercities.LaterClemenswasasteamboatpilotontheMississippiRiveruntiltheAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865)broughtanendtotravelontheriver.In1861ClemensservedbrieflyasavolunteersoldierintheConfederatecavalry.LaterthatyearheaccompaniedhisbrothertothenewlycreatedNevadaTerritory,wherehetriedhishandatsilvermining.In1862hebecameareporterontheTerritorialEnterpriseinVirginiaCity,Nevada,andin1863hebegansigninghisarticleswiththepseudonymMarkTwain,aMississippiRiverphrasemeaning"twofathomsdeep."AftermovingtoSanFrancisco,California,in1864,TwainmetAmericanwritersArtemusWardandBretHarte,whoencouragedhiminhiswork.In1865TwainreworkedatalehehadheardintheCaliforniagoldfields,andwithinmonthstheauthorandthestory,"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,"hadbecomenationalsensations.

YearsofMaturity

In1867TwainlecturedinNewYorkCity,andinthesameyearhevisitedEuropeandPalestine.HewroteofthesetravelsinTheInnocentsAbroad(1869),abookexaggeratingthoseaspectsofEuropeanculturethatimpressAmericantourists.In1870hemarriedOliviaLangdon.AfterlivingbrieflyinBuffalo,NewYork,thecouplemovedtoHartford,Connecticut.MuchofTwain'sbestworkwaswritteninthe1870sand1880sinHartfordorduringthesummersatQuarryFarm,nearElmira,NewYork.RoughingIt(1872)recountshisearlyadventuresasaminerandjournalist;TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)celebratesboyhoodinatownontheMississippiRiver;ATrampAbroad(1880)describesawalkingtripthroughtheBlackForestofGermanyandtheSwissAlps;ThePrinceandthePauper(1882),achildren'sbook,focusesonswitchedidentitiesinTudorEngland;LifeontheMississippi(1883)combinesanautobiographicalaccountofhisexperiencesasariverpilotwithavisittotheMississippinearlytwodecadesafterheleftit;AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)satirizesoppressioninfeudalEngland.

AboutHisMasterpiece

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),thesequeltoTomSawyer,isconsideredTwain'smasterpiece.Thebookisthestoryofthetitlecharacter,knownasHuck,aboywhofleeshisfatherbyraftingdowntheMississippiRiverwitharunawayslave,Jim.Thepair'sadventuresshowHuck(andthereader)thecrueltyofwhichmenandwomenarecapable.AnotherthemeofthenovelistheconflictbetweenHuck'sfeelingsoffriendshipwithJim,whoisoneofthefewpeoplehecantrust,andhisknowledgethatheisbreakingthelawsofthetimebyhe]pingJimescape.HuckleberryFinn,whichisalmostentirelynarratedfromHuck'spointofview,isnotedforitsauthenticlanguageandforitsdeepcommitmenttofreedom.Huck'sadventuresalsoprovidethereaderwithapanoramaofAmericanlifealongtheMississippibeforethecivilWar.Twain'sskillincapturingtherhythmsofthatlifehelpmakethebookoneofthemasterpiec

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Apersonalsomightberequiredtoquitsmokingtoimprovetheoutcomeoftheoperation.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Themajoraimoftheagreementmadeby284universitiesismerelytoreduceenergyconsumptionandwaste.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Inthehappinesspiechart,errorfactorsaccountfor10percent.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.Evenifthecompanyoverallcannotpassthe12-questiontest,______maypassit.

15.

Self-cleaningtoiletbowls,builtonthelatestnanotechnology,arewidelyavailableinNorthAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

SatellitetelevisionproviderscanbringdozensorevenhundredsofchannelstoTVviewersbecause______.

A.satellitecansendmoreprograms

B.thetelevisionsignalssenttosatellitesarecompressed

C.thesignalsareencrypted

D.thesignalsconvertedbackintousabledata

17.

AccordingtoPara3,______perpersonoftheearth'ssurfacecanbeusedtoproducefood.

18.

Studentrecruitswilllikelyfind,therecruitingcampaigns______thanthosefantasyversionsoflegend.

19.

Dietandphysicalqualitieswhichpasseddownfromourparentsaffect______,anaturalsubstanceintheliverblood.

20.Mr.Youngusuallyholdsa______withtheworkerwhoisasubstanceabusertodiscusshowtosolvetheproblem.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：W:Theadmissionpriceis$10perperson.That'sreallyexpensiveforjustoneshow.

M:You'reright.Butifyouhaveastudentcard,you'llgetinfor$3.

Q:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?

(17)

A.Atahotel.B.Atapostoffice.C.AtaMuseum.D.Ataband.

22.(14)

A.Ateacher.B.Apsychologist.C.Alibrarian.D.Apublisher.

23.

【B9】

24.(16)

A.Becauseitis22miles.

B.Becausetheplanesturnsharply.

C.Becauseofdrivingconditions.

D.Becausetherearenosigns.

25.(28)

A.Entirelyeffective.

B.Totallyincorrect.

C.Acompletefailure.

D.Quitedifficult.

26.聽力原文：W:Goodeveningandwelcometotonight'sprogram.Ourguestistheworld-famousDr.CharlesAdams.whohassparkedagreatdealofattentionoverthepastseveralyearsforhisresearchintheareaoflanguagelearning.Welcometoourprogram.

M:Ah.it'sapleasuretobehere.

W:Now.Dr.Adams.tellusaboutyourresearch.

M:Well.oneofthemostimportantkeystolearninganotherlanguageistoestablisharegularstudyprogram,tikeplanningafewminuteseverymorningaroundbreakfasttime.

W:Now.sorryforsayingthis,butyourideasmaysoundalittlesimplisticmourviewers.ImeanItookSpanishinhighschoolforfouryears,andIdidn'tbecomeaproficientspeakerofthelanguage.

M:Well.Ithinktherearemanypeoplefeelingthatway,andthat'sjustit.I'mnotimplyingthatwecanbecomefluentspeakersinamatterofafewminuteshereandthere,butratherfollowingaregular,consistent,andfocusedcourseofstudycanhelpusonthewaytothepromisedlandoflanguagemastery,andrememberthereisadifferencebetweennativefluencyandproficiencyinalanguage,andIamproposingthelatter.

W:Sowhatere,someofthebasickeysyouaresuggesting?

M:Well.asIjustmentioned,peopleneedtoplanouttheirstudybysettingrealisticandattainablegoalsfromthebeginning.Imean.somepeoplegetcaughtupinthecrazeoflearningthelanguagein30days,onlytobecomedisenchantedwhentheydon'tperform.uptotheirexpectations.Andsmallsteps,littlebylittle,arethekey.Forexample,planningtolearnfivenewvocabularywordsadayandtolearntousethemactivelyisfarbetterthanlearning30andforgettingthemthenextday.

W:Um-hum.I'msureyourideasarebeneficialtothoselanguagelearners.Thanksforjoiningus.

M:Mypleasure.

(23)

A.Atapublicforum.

B.Inanauditorium.

C.OnTV.

D.Inaclassroom.

27.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Theblueoneischeaperthantheothers.

B.Theblueoneisnotworthbuying.

C.Sheisgoingtobuytheyellowandthegreenones.

D.Shewillnotbuyanyoftheskirts.

28.聽力原文：W:I'msorry,butImustgotothelibrary,theonenearthelaboratory,becauseIhavetofinishmyresearchprojectbytomorrow.ButifIcould,Iwouldprefertogowithyoutothetheatre.

M:Iwishyoucouldcomealong.

Q:Whereisthewomangoingto?

(17)

A.Thelibrary.

B.Theresearchcenter.

C.Thetheatre.

D.Thelaboratory.

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：ThesilenceoftheReferenceLibrarywasbrokenonlybyanoccasionalcoughandnowandthenbythescarcelyaudiblesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.Therewereabouttwentypeopleintheroom,mostofthemwiththeirheadsbentovertheirbooks,Theassistantlibrarianwhowasinchargeoftheroomsatatadeskinonecomer.SheglancedatPhilipashecamein.andthenwentonwithherwork.

Philiphasnotbeentothispartofthelibrarybefore.Hewalkedaroundtheroomalmostontiptoe,afraidofdisturbingtheindustriousreaderswithhisheavyshoes.Theshelveswerefilledwiththickvolumes:dictionariesinanylanguages,encyclopedias,atlases,biographiesandotherworksofreference.Hefoundnothingthatwaslikelytointeresthimuntilhecametoasmallshelfoutofhisreach,sohehadtofetchasmallladderinordertogetonedown.Unfortunately,ashewasclimbingdowntheladder,thebookhehadchosenslippedfromhisgraspandfelltothefloorwithaloudcrash.Twentypairsofeyeslookedupathimsimultaneously,annoyedbyhisunaccustomeddisturbance.Philipfelthimselfgoredashepickeduphisbook.whichdidnotseemtohavebeendamagedbyitsfall.

Hehadjustsatdownwhenhefoundtheyoungladyassistantstandingalongsidehim."Youmustbemorecarefulwhenyouarehandlingthesebooks."shesaidseverely.Satisfiedthatshehaddoneherduty.sheturnedtogobacktoherdesk.Thenasuddenthoughtstruckher."Bytheway,howoldareyou?"sheaskedPhilip."Thirteen."Hetoldher."Youarenotallowedinhereifyou'reundertheageoffourteen,youknow."theassistantsaid,"Didn'tyouseethenoticeonthedoor?"Philipshookhishead.Heexpectedtheassistantmaskhimtoleave.Instead.inamorekindlyrune,shesaid,"Well.nevermind.Butmakesurethatyoudon'tdisturbtheotherreadersagain,otherwiseIshallhavetoaskyoutoleave."

(27)

A.Philiphasnotbeentothispartofthelibrarybefore.

B.Itwasveryquietinthelibrary.

C.Philipfellofftheladderandmadealoudnoise.

D.Thelibrarianwasverykindtoreaders.

30.(29)

A.Hewasrememberedbecausehewasonceabravesoldier.

B.Hewasrememberedbecausehetookmanywarphotographs.

C.Hewasrememberedbecausehepaintedgreatportraits.

D.Hewasrememberedbecausehedesignedaportablecamera.

31.(47)

32.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Smokingmeanssomethingdifferenttovariouscultures.In【B1】______,manypeoplesmoke.Inthewinter,itisoften【B2】______tobreatheinthecafesbecauseofthetobacco【B3】______intheair.InRomania,smokingisan【B4】______socialhabit.Women,【B5】______,donotsmokeonthestreet.Thebrandof【B6】______apersonsmokesshowshis/her【B7】______,especiallyifitisaforeign【B8】______.

InLatinAmericancultures,smokingisverycommon.【B9】______.

InpartsofAsia,tobaccoisusedinweddingceremoniesandinreligiousofferings.Itisalsousedinmanykindsofoccasions.InCambodia,【B10】______.InVietnam,peopleareoftensmokingatbusinessmeetingsandincoffeehouses.MostofthewomeninCambodiaandVietnamtendnottosmoke.Butwhentheyenterafriend'shome,theymaybegivenatobaccoleaftochewon.Duringthewar,Vietnamesesoldierswouldsmoketopassthetimewhilewaitingtogointobattle.【B11】______

Smokingwasacomfortingthingtodo.InbothVietnamandCambodia,peoplewhowerenotsmokersbeforethewar,startedtosmokeduringthewarandbecameaddicted.

【B1】

33.聽力原文：M:Ineedtosendinanaccidentreport.TellmeinyourownwordsMrs.Nanthy.

W:Well,IwasdrivingalongJeffersonStreet,between19thand20thStreet.Iwasn'tgoingfastatall.Isawacarbackingoutofthedriveway.ItwasMrs.Kathywhodidn'tstopatall.Shehackedrightintome.

Q:Wheredidtheaccidenthappen?

(16)

A.Between19thand20thJeffersonStreet.

B.Between19thand20thJacksonStreet.

C.Between9thand10thJacksonStreet.

D.Between90thand91thJeffersonStreet.

34.聽力原文：M:Ihaveaspecialguesttoday,Shirley.Shirley,youtrulyhaveanamazinggarden.Couldyou[etusknowhowyouputthistogether?

W:TillsspringItookasquare-footgardeningclass,andIdecidedtotrysomeofthethingsI'velearned.Urn,oneofthemostimportantthingsinsquare-footgardeningisthatyouchooseagoodlocation.Youneedatleast6to8hoursofdirectsunshine.Youalsoneedtochoosealocationthathasgooddrainage,anditshouldbeaconvenientlocation.Agardenisalotmorefunifyonarewalkingbyandseeingitallthetime.Urn,youneedtodecidewhatkindofcontainersyouwant,or,inmycase,Iusedwoodenboxes.

M:Wall,Shirley,I'venoticedtheseverticalbeams.I'veneverseenthatbefore.Couldyouexplainthattousalittlebit?

W:Rightherewehavesomecantaloupe,andcantaloupetakealotofspacewhenyougrowthemoutontheground,andIdon'thavethatmuchspace,soIjustgrowthemup.Ijustmadeametalframe,andtooksomestring.Ijustallowthemtogrowup,andtheywillsupportthemselves.

M:Thisisamazing.Inoticedinthisgarden,thereisuvastamountofvegetation.

W:Well,overonthefarend,Ihavetomatoesgrowingvertically.InfrontofthoseIhavegreenpeppers,basil,strawberries,beets,greenbeans,com,carrotsandsoon.Righthere,asIsaidbefore,Ihavecantaloupe.Downatthebottom,IhavesomeMexicantomatoes.Anddownatthisend,Ihaveeggplant,anotherkindofpeppercalledbananapeppers,cucumbers,okra,pumpkins...andIthinkthat'saboutit.

M:I'msoimpressed.I'dliketothankyouverymuchforhavingusintodaytolookatyourgarden.

(23)

A.Byattendingaclass.

B.Fromherparents.

C.Throughagardeningmagazine.

D.Fromherneighbors.

35.(34)

A.Onshorttrips.

B.Onlongtrips.

C.Whenflyingovercities.

D.Whenflyingathighaltitude.

36.聽力原文：W:Rentingtheconferenceroomatthehotelwillcostustoomuch.We’realreadyrunninginthered.

M:Howaboutusingourdiningroomforthemeeting?

Q:What'sworryingthewoman?

(14)

A.Theorganizationofaconference.

B.Thecostofrentingaconferenceroom.

C.Thedecorationoftheconferenceroom.

D.Thejobofcleaningupthediningroom.

37.聽力原文：M:Alice,doyouwanttogoshoppingwithmetoday?

W:Sure,butIcan'tleaveyet.I'velostmyroomkeyandIhavetowaitforthesecurityguardtoletmebackintomyroom?

Q:WhatisAliceproblem?

(13)

A.She'slockedoutofherroom.

B.Shelostherkeyintheshop.

C.Sheleftherkeyintheroom.

D.Shewon'tgoshoppingwithoutasecurityguard.

38.(31)

A.Theicewascutandhandledwiththehelpofsomespecialtools.

B.Theicewastakenfromtheflowingriverwithhooksandcarriedbysledstoicehouses.

C.Theicewascarriedonthefrozensurfaceofthepondorriver.

D.Theicewassawedintoevenblocksbyworkers.

39.(35)

A.Todrivethetrainafteritisstartedautomatically.

B.Tostartthetrainandtodriveitwhennecessary.

C.Totakecareofthepassengersonthetrain.

D.Tosendcommandingsignalstothecommandspot.

40.(42)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.TheNationalTrustis______.

A.agovernmentdepartment

B.acharity

C.agroupofareasofgreatnaturalbeauty

D.anorganizationofgreatnaturalbeauty

42.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheuniversaltruthaboutbabies'learninglanguageisthat______.

A.babiesrecognizetheirownmother'svoiceeasily

B.babiesrecognizetheirnativelanguageeasily

C.babiesbegintolearnlanguagebeforetheyareborn

D.babiespreferlisteningtotheirownnativelanguage

43.

TheMexicangovernmenttakeshalfmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblembecause______.

A.Mexicaneconomydependsverymuchoncarsandfactories

B.itisnotwiseenoughtocomeupwitheffectivemeasures

C.Mexicansareabletoadaptthemselvestothecurrentemergency

D.Mexicansenjoyplayingdangerousgameswiththeirhealth

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionshipchess,whichisafairlyaccurateyardstickformeasuringthecomputer'sprogressintheabilitytolearnfromexperience.

Becausethegamerequireslogicalreasoning,chesswouldseemtobeperfectlysuitedtothecomputer.Allaprogrammerhastodoistogivethecomputeraprogramevaluatingtheconsequencesofeverypossibleresponsetoeverypossiblemove,andthecomputerwillwineverytime.Intheorythisisasensibleapproach;inpracticeitisimpossible.Today,apowerfulcomputercananalyze40000movesasecond.Thatisanimpressivespeed.Butthereareanastronomicalnumberofpossiblemovesinchess--literallytrillions.Evenifsuchaprogramwerewritten(andintheoryitcouldbe,givenenoughpeopleandenoughtime),thereisnocomputercapableofholdingthatmuchdata.

Therefore,ifthecomputeristocompeteatchampionshiplevels,itmustbeprogrammedtofunctionwithlessthancompletedata.Itmustbeabletolearnfromexperience,tomodifyitsownprogram,todealwitharelativelyunstructuredsituation—inaword,to"think"foritself.Infact,thiscanbedone.Chess-playingcomputershaveyettodefeatworldchampionchessplayers,butseveralhavebeatenhumanplayersofonlyslightlylowerranks.Thecomputershavehadprogramstocarrythemthroughtheearly,mechanicalstagesoftheirchessgames.Buttheyhavegoneonfromtheretoreasonandlearn,andsometimestowinthegame.

Thereareotherproofsthatcomputerscanbeprogrammedtolearn,butthisexampleissufficienttodemonstratethepoint.Granted,winningagameofchessisnotanearthshakingeventevenwhenacomputerdoesit.Buttherearemanyserioushumanproblems,whichcanbefruitfullyapproachedasgames.TheDefenseDepartmentusescomputerstoplaywargamesandworkoutstrategiesfordealingwithinternationaltensions.Otherproblems--internationalandinterpersonalrelations,ecologyandeconomics,andtheever-increasingthreatofworldfaminecanperhapsbesolvedbythejointeffortsofhumanbeingsandtrulyintelligentcomputers.

Accordingtothepassage,computerscannotbeusedto______.

A.solvethethreatofworldfamine

B.easeinternationaltension

C.defeatworldchampionchessplayer

D.workoutsolutionstotheindustrialproblems

45.

AccordingtothePassage,whatcontributedtothedevelopmentofrealestate?

46.

Theword"substantially"(Line2,Para.5)mostlikelymeans______.

A.alittlebitB.infactC.materiallyD.considerably

47.

BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause.

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement

48.

Accordingtothepassage,howdidknowledgeaboutchemicalprocessesincreasebeforetheseventeenthcentury?

A.Philosophersdevisedtheoriesaboutchemicalproperties.

B.Aspecialsymboliclanguagewasdeveloped.

C.Experienceledworkerstorevisetheirtechniques.

D.Expertssharedtheirdiscoverieswiththepublic.

49.Accordingtotheauthor,agoodwritingmustpresent______.

A.aninterestingtopic

B.specificfacts

C.thewriter'suniqueperspective

D.ageneralimpression

50.

WhatattitudedoesAlextaketowardsIndianow?

A.Stronghostility.

B.Passionatelove.

C.Slightcontempt.

D.Somewhatapproval.

51.Wecanbeginourdiscussionof"populationasglobalissue"withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss"thepopulationproblem":toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute;itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto"along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes".

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8000B.C.tillapproximately1650A.D.Inthefirstperiodofsome9,600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650and1975,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Andthepopulationreached6.2billionthroughouttheworldbytheyear2000.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframe.tosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulation.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

Theword"demographic"(Line4,Para.1)means______.

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

52.

TheexampleofArpadPusztaiisusedtoillustrate______.

A.publicignoranceofthepotentialrisksinGEfood

B.theroleofTVinpublicizingscientificknowledge

C.theimportanceofscientificfindingstoscientificresearch

D.thethreatfacedbyindependentscience

53.

Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethat______.

A.everytypeoffatigueneedsmedicalattention

B.pathologicalfatiguedoesnotlastlong

C.joggingcanbeusedasanescapefrompsychologicalproblems

D.thereisnocureforpsychologicalfatigue

54.

【C3】

55.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Climatescientistsneedtoswallowtheirmistrustsandsharetheirdataandworkingmethodswiththeircritics.SoconcludesaninquirybyBritishmembersofparliamentintothe"climategate"affair,inwhichdamagingemailswerecopiedfromacomputerserverattheUniversityofEastAngliainNorwich,UK,andpublishedontheInternet.But,unexpectedly,theHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommitteehasplacedmoreblameontheuniversitythanonthescientistsatitsClimaticResearchUnit(CRU),whoseemailswerestolen,andtheunit'sdirectorPhilJones.

ThisverdictputstheofficialuniversityinquirylaunchedlastDecemberinastrangeposition.Vice-chancellorEdwardActonaskedtheinquirytoreportonpossiblemisdeedsatCRU.NowMPssuggestthattheuniversityitselfmaybeatleastasmuchtoblame.TheMPsfoundthattheleakedemailsrevealthata"cultureofwithholdinginformationappearstohavepervadedCRUthatweconsiderunacceptable".Someinformation"mayhavebeendeleted",possiblyinbreachofthelaw.TheMPsdonotacceptCRU'sclaimthatitsstaffsweresimplyoverwhelmedbyrequestsfordata,oftentrif