SectionⅢGrammar—過去分詞作定語和表語語法圖解研究發現①Buthebecameinspired

whenhethoughtabouthelping

ordinary

peopleexposedtocholera.②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.③Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.④Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.⑤Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.⑥HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.⑦HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.⑧WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.[我的發現]例句①②④⑥⑦⑧中的過去分詞(短語)作定語。例句②④⑦⑧中為單個的過去分詞作定語，經常放于被修飾名詞的前面；例句①⑥中過去分詞短語作定語，經常放于被修飾名詞的后邊。例句③⑤中的過去分詞在句中作表語。一、過去分詞作定語1．過去分詞作定語時的地點前置定語一般狀況下，單個過去分詞作前置定語，即放在所修飾詞以前。Thepolluted

waterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍亂的流傳。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.康復的動物會很快被開釋。[名師點津]①有些過去分詞表示特定含義時，獨自作定語也放在所修飾的名詞以后，如left(節余的),given(所給的),concerned(有關的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.節余的老虎不多了，是有關當局采納舉措保護它們免遭滅絕的時候了。②假如被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所組成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個分詞放在被修飾詞的后邊。Isthereanything

unsolved?還有什么沒解決的嗎？(2)后置定語過去分詞短語作定語時常常作后置定語，

即放在所修飾詞以后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sheepkilledimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一個山區，當雷擊發生時有173只羊馬上被雷電擊死。

almost[即時操練

1](1)用所給詞的適合形式填空(2017·北京高考改編)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.②(2016·浙江高考改編)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.③(2015·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)built(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.同義句變換Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.→Heisateacherwho_is_loved_by_his_students.②Thegirl,whowasbroughtupbyheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.→Thegirl,brought_up_by_her_uncle,_hasbeguntoworknow.2．過去分詞作定語時的意義及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經發生或達成，有時也不表示時間性。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.(表示被動)卡車與公共汽車皆燒煤氣，煤氣裝在車頂上的大袋中。Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.(表示被動和完成)會上提出的計劃將很快被履行。不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，它不表示被動意義，只重申換作達成。Ourretired

soccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周我們已退休的足球教練去看我們打了一場競賽。Therisen

sunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.清晨已升起的太陽正光亮地閃爍。[即時操練

2]

選擇填空過去分詞作定語有三種狀況：A．只表示被動B．只表示達成C．既表示被動又表示達成請判斷以下句子中加黑部分屬于哪一種狀況①Americaisadevelopedcountry.__B__②IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishspokenbythenativevillagers.__A__③Isthereanythingplannedfortheweekend？__C__3．過去分詞與此刻分詞作定語的差別意義語態時態形式過去分詞被動達成此刻分詞主動進行Asweallknow,Chinaisa

developing

country.盡人皆知，中國是一個發展中國家。Thevisitorcamefroma

developedcountry.這位旅客來自于一個發達國家。[即時操練3]用分詞作定語補全句子①Eventhoughitisstillinsummer,therearemany_fallen_leavesontheground.只管還是夏季，但地上有好多的落葉。②Nowadaystherearealotofman-madesatellites

flying_in_space.此刻在太空中有許很多多人造衛星在飛翔。4．過去分詞

(done)

、此刻分詞的被動語態

(beingdone)與動詞不定式的被動語態

(tobedone)作定語的差別意義語態時態形式done被動達成beingdone被動進行tobedone被動還沒有發生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.昨年建筑的樓是我們的教課樓。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.此刻正在建筑的樓是我們的教課樓。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下個月將要建筑的樓是我們的教課樓。[即時操練4]用所給詞的適合形式填空①Thecarsbeing_sold(sell)atthemarketnowaremadeinGuangzhou.②TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2014·北京高考改編)Therearestillmanyproblemsto_be_solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.二、過去分詞作表語1．過去分詞作表語的用法過去分詞可放在連系動詞

be,

get,

feel,

remain,

seem,look,

become等以后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態。Helooked

worried

afterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他顯得很憂愁。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeply

moved.當我們聽到這件事時，被深深地感人了。[即時操練

5](1)用所給詞的適合形式填空①(2016·浙江高考改編

)—Areyousureyou

’rereadyforthetest?—Noproblem.I’mwellprepared(prepare)forit.(2014·廣東高考語法填空)Wegotalittlesunburned/sunburnt_(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn’tmind.③(2014·安徽高考改編)Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.

promoted(2)補全句子①Whydoyoualways

look_tired?你為何老是看上去很疲憊？②Iwas_disappointed

atthefilmIsawlast

night.

Ihadexpected

it

tobebetter.我對昨晚看的電影很絕望。我原認為它能好些。2．過去分詞作表語時與被動語態的差別過去分詞作表語時，重申主語所處的狀態，而動詞的被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，重申換作。Thecupis

broken.杯子破了。

(系表構造)Thecupwas

brokenbyTom.杯子是湯姆打破的。(被動語態)[即時操練6]對照翻譯①這本書寫得很好。The_book_is_well_written.②這本書是他昨年寫的。The_book_was_written_by_him_last_year.3．感覺類及物動詞的此刻分詞與過去分詞作表語的差別英語中有好多與感覺有關的及物動詞，其此刻分詞表示主動意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞含有被動意義，即“人被惹起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這種詞有：exciting令人激動的astonishing令人驚訝的excited激動的；喜悅的astonished驚訝的surprising令人驚訝的discouraging令人喪氣的surprised感覺驚訝的discouraged感覺喪氣的delighting令人快樂的disappointing令人絕望的delighted快樂的disappointed感覺絕望的encouraging令人激勵的frightening令人懼怕的encouraged遇到激勵的frightened嚇壞了的interesting令人感興趣的moving動人的interested感興趣的moved受感人的pleasing令人快樂的shocking令人震撼的pleased滿意的shocked感覺震撼的tiring令人疲憊的worrying令人擔憂的tired感覺疲憊的worried感覺擔憂的satisfying令人滿意的puzzling令人誘惑的satisfied感覺滿意的puzzled感覺誘惑的Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對他在會上講的話非常驚訝。Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的話令人灰心，使得好多人心灰意冷。[即時操練7]用所給詞的適合形式填空Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.(frighten)②Thenewswasexcitingandtheywereallexcitedatit.(excite)③Weallfeltencouragedattheencouragingnews.(encourage)④Theaudiencewereallmovedtotearsbythemovingfilm.(move)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2015·北京高考改編)Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoying(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.2．(2014·浙江高考改編)AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointed(appoint)toguardher.3．(2014·重慶高考改編)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasreturned(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.4．(2014·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed(disappoint).5．(2014·福建高考改編)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect).6．(2013·湖南高考改編)Youcannotacceptanopinionoffered(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.7．Ifyougetlost(lose)inastrangeplace,you’dbetternotmoveandwaitforhelpthere.8．Thepuzzledexpressiononhisfaceshowedthatthequestionwaspuzzling.(puzzle)9．Thestudentlikesreadingstorieswritten(write)bythefamouswriter.10．Manyused(use)computerswillbesoldinthismarket.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．(2017·天津高考書面表達)In_order_to/To_be_a_qualified_volunteer,_IimprovemyselfbyreadingsomebooksaboutTianjinsoastoknowmoreaboutit.

haveto為了成為一名合格的志愿者，

我不得不閱讀一些對于天津的書本來認識更多的有關信息以提升自己。2．(2015·福建高考書面表達

)Themoralofthestory

is:

sparenoeffort

toacquireknowledgeandnever_get_discouraged_easilynomatterhowdifficultthesituationmaybe.故事的寓意是：盡最大努力獲得知識，不論狀況多么困難，都不要輕易失掉信心。3．(2015·北京高考書面表達)If_you_are_interested_in_it,_letmeknowandI’sendyoumoreinformation.假如你對此感興趣，請見告我，我會給你發送更多信息。4．(2014·湖南高考書面表達)Soexcited_was_IthatIcouldn’twaittotrywearingthem.我太激動了，急不可待地想穿上它們。5．(2014·陜西高考書面表達

)Weare/feel_honoured

tohaveyouhereinthemiddleofourEnglishWeekActivities.您能來參加我們的英語周活動，我們深感有幸。6．Withreferencetoyour_advertised_position,_I

havethepleasure

tosaythatIamthejustpersonyouareaskingfor.對于您做廣告的職位，我很快樂地說，我就是那個您要找的人。7．Asforthephenomenonmentioned_above,_somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.對于上文提到的現象，有些人支持，而有些人反對。8．Theplayers

selected_from_the_whole_countryareexpectedtobring

ushonorinthissummergame.人們期望這些選自全國的運動員在夏季