歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!高性能鋰硫電池的研究進展摘要：目前傳統(tǒng)的鋰離子電池在電子產(chǎn)品中發(fā)揮著重要作用。然而受到其較低的理論比容量的限制(約150～200Wh/kg)，鋰離子電池將難以滿足人類發(fā)展的長遠需求，例如電動汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展。鋰硫電池的理論能量密度為2600Wh/kg，是鋰離子二次電池的3～5倍，是極具應用前景的電化學儲能體系，近年來引起了研究人員的廣泛關(guān)注。人們提高電極導電性、維持電極結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性、提高硫的負載率和利用率以及加強電池循環(huán)壽命等方面開展了大量的研究工作。本文將就近幾年鋰硫電池的發(fā)展進行相關(guān)介紹和討論。關(guān)鍵詞：鋰硫電池正極材料納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料改性電解質(zhì)電池結(jié)構(gòu)ResearchprogressinHigh-PerformanceLithium-SulphurBatteriesRenGuodong(SchoolofMetallurgyandEnvironment,CentralSouthUniversity，0507110402)Abstract：Lithium-ionbatterieshasplayedanimportantroleintheelectronicsatpresent.Butduetoitslowtheoreticalenergydensity,whichisonly150～200Wh/kg,thereforethelithium-ionbatteriescannotmeetthelong-termneedsofsocietyinthefuture,justinthecaseofthedevelopmentofelectricvehicles.Lithium-sulphurbatteryisapromisingelectrochemicalenergystoragesystemwhichhashightheoreticalenergydensityof2600Wh/kg,thatis3~5timestolithium-ionbattery.Andithasarisedmoreandmoreattentionsrecently.Greateffortshavebeenmadebyreseacherstoimprovetheconductivityoftheelectrode,thestabilityofelectrodestructure,theloadingcapicityofsulphur,theutilizationefficiencyofsulfurinthecathodeandtheenhancementofcyclelifeofthebattery．Inthispaper,therecentresearchoflithium-sulphurbatterywillbeanalyzedanddiscussed.Keywords：lithium-sulphurbatterycathodematerialnano-structuremodificationelectrolytecellconfiguration前言電能儲存技術(shù)和設備將會在未來社會發(fā)展中成為一項十分重要的需求。傳統(tǒng)鋰離子電池具有具有安全性好、無記憶效應、循環(huán)壽命長以及無污染等優(yōu)點,目前已經(jīng)成為各類電子產(chǎn)品的首選電源。在鋰離子二次電池體系中，相比于負極材料（如石墨和硅負極材料），低比能量的正極材料（LiFePO4和LiCoO2理論比容量分別的170mAh/g、274mAh/g），一直是制約其發(fā)展的主要因素ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>萬文博</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>37</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>37</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">37</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>萬文博</author><author>蒲薇華</author><author>艾德生</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>鋰硫電池最新研究進展</title><secondary-title>化學進展</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>化學進展</full-title></periodical><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>鋰硫電池</keyword><keyword>硫基復合正極</keyword><keyword>電解質(zhì)</keyword><keyword>鋰負極</keyword><keyword>循環(huán)壽命</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1005-281X</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"萬文博,2013#37"1]。為此，人們將目光轉(zhuǎn)向新型二次電池體系以期望獲得更高的能量密度。在目前已知的正極材料中，硫具較高的比容量（1675mAh/g），與金屬鋰負極構(gòu)成的Li/S電池的理論能量密度高達2600Wh/kg，是傳統(tǒng)鋰離子電池的3~5倍ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Manthiram</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>35</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Manthiram,Arumugam</author><author>Fu,Yongzhu</author><author>Su,Yu-Sheng</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ChallengesandProspectsofLithium–SulfurBatteries</title><secondary-title>AccountsofChemicalResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AccountsofChemicalResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>1125-1134</pages><volume>46</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>2013/05/21</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>0001-4842</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/ar300179v</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/ar300179v</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2014/10/31</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Manthiram,2012#35"2]。同時，相比于常見的鋰離子電池正極材料(LiCoO2、LiMnO2和LiFePO4等)，硫具有來源廣泛、成本低、高安全性、對環(huán)境友好等特點，是一種具有巨大前景的高比能量正極材料。正因如此，鋰硫電池引起了廣大科研工作者極大的研究熱情，成為近幾年的研究及專利申請的熱點ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>廖婷</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>39</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>39</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">39</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>廖婷</author><author>文曉芬</author><author>劉召棟</author><author>李維思</author></authors><translated-authors><author>LiaoTing</author><author>W.E.N.Xiao-fen</author><author>L.I.U.Zhao-dong</author><author>L.I.Wei-si</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>湖南省科學技術(shù)信息研究所,湖南長沙,410001</auth-address><titles><title>基于專利分析我國鋰硫電池的研究進展</title><secondary-title>企業(yè)技術(shù)開發(fā)（學術(shù)版）</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>企業(yè)技術(shù)開發(fā)（學術(shù)版）</full-title></periodical><pages>6-8,20</pages><volume>33</volume><number>7</number><keywords><keyword>鋰硫電池專利分析正極材料</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1006-8937</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/Periodical_qyjskf201407002.aspx</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"廖婷,2014#39"3]。然而，鋰硫電池存在活性物質(zhì)利用率低、循環(huán)壽命短、倍率性能差、自放電嚴重等問題，嚴重制約了其產(chǎn)業(yè)的化應用[4]。本文將分別從正極材料、電極材料改性、電解質(zhì)、鋰硫電池新型設計等方面介紹鋰硫電池近幾年的研究現(xiàn)狀。鋰硫電池正極材料的研究單質(zhì)硫和硫化物在室溫下是電子與離子的絕緣體ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ji</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">14</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ji,X.</author><author>Lee,K.T.</author><author>Nazar,L.F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>UniversityofWaterloo,DepartmentofChemistry,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1,Canada.</auth-address><titles><title>Ahighlyorderednanostructuredcarbon-sulphurcathodeforlithium-sulphurbatteries</title><secondary-title>NatMater</secondary-title><alt-title>Naturematerials</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatMater</full-title><abbr-1>Naturematerials</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>NatMater</full-title><abbr-1>Naturematerials</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>500-6</pages><volume>8</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1476-1122(Print) 1476-1122(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19448613</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/19448613</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nmat2460</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Ji,2009#14"4]，因此目前的研究過程中，為了保證電池能在高電流密度下發(fā)生可逆的電化學反應，需要將硫與其他導電介質(zhì)進行復合。常用的正極材料有：二元金屬硫化物、硫/金屬氧化物復合材料、硫/碳復合材料等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>萬文博</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>37</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>37</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">37</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>萬文博</author><author>蒲薇華</author><author>艾德生</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>鋰硫電池最新研究進展</title><secondary-title>化學進展</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>化學進展</full-title></periodical><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>鋰硫電池</keyword><keyword>硫基復合正極</keyword><keyword>電解質(zhì)</keyword><keyword>鋰負極</keyword><keyword>循環(huán)壽命</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1005-281X</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"萬文博,2013#37"1]。2.1二元金屬硫化物二元金屬硫化物是鋰硫電池發(fā)展初期研究比較多的材料，它們一般具有較大的理論比容量，并且合成簡單。但是由于安全問題、功率密度較低、電活性以及硫利用率較低等問題而受到限制。二元金屬硫化物的合成方法除了常見的高溫固相合成、機械球磨法外，還有溶劑熱法、電化學沉積法等。V.A.DusheikoADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Dusheiko</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>47</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>47</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">47</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dusheiko,V.A.</author><author>Lipkin,M.S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Synthesisofsulfidecathodicmaterialsandstudyoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesandelectrochemicalactivity</title><secondary-title>JournalofPowerSources</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofPowerSources</full-title></periodical><pages>264-267</pages><volume>54</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>Cathodes</keyword><keyword>Sulfide</keyword><keyword>Lithiumbatteries</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year><pub-dates><date>4//</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0378-7753</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/037877539402081D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02081-D</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Dusheiko,1995#47"5]等，在600~1050℃溫度范圍內(nèi)，采用不同的升溫和降溫速率發(fā)生反應得到TiS2、MoS3、V2S2等二元硫化物，并將得到的材料進行電化學性能測試。通過對比不同條件下合成的正極活性物質(zhì)的電化學測試數(shù)據(jù)，總結(jié)得出了化學反應條件對材料電化學性能的影響。2.2硫/金屬氧化物的復合材料鋰硫電池反應過程不同于鋰離子電池，鋰硫電池放電過程對應兩個放電平臺。首先是環(huán)形S8分子還原生成S（對應第一個放電平臺2.1~2.4V)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bruce</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>2</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">2</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bruce,P.G.</author><author>Freunberger,S.A.</author><author>Hardwick,L.J.</author><author>Tarascon,J.M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>SchoolofChemistry,UniversityofStAndrews,NorthHaugh,StAndrews,FifeKY169ST,Scotland,UK.pgb1@st-andrews.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Li-O2andLi-Sbatterieswithhighenergystorage</title><secondary-title>NatMater</secondary-title><alt-title>Naturematerials</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatMater</full-title><abbr-1>Naturematerials</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>NatMater</full-title><abbr-1>Naturematerials</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>19-29</pages><volume>11</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1476-1122(Print) 1476-1122(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22169914</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/22169914</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nmat3191</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Bruce,2012#2"6],與此同時生成易溶于電解質(zhì)溶液的多硫化物(Li2Sn,n=4~8)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>34</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Zhen</author><author>Jiang,Yan</author><author>Yuan,Lixia</author><author>Yi,Ziqi</author><author>Wu,Chao</author><author>Liu,Yang</author><author>Strasser,Peter</author><author>Huang,Yunhui</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AHighlyOrderedMeso@MicroporousCarbon-SupportedSulfur@SmallerSulfurCore–ShellStructuredCathodeforLi–SBatteries</title><secondary-title>ACSNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSNano</full-title></periodical><pages>9295-9303</pages><volume>8</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/09/23</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/nn503220h</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/nn503220h</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2014/10/31</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Li,2014#34"7]；第二個平臺（約1.5~2.1V）對應可溶性的Li2S4轉(zhuǎn)變成不溶性的Li2S。反應過程中生成的多硫化物溶解于電解液中的多硫化物在電池正負極之間發(fā)生穿梭往復，造成活性物質(zhì)的不可逆損失，并明顯降低了充放電效率，降低循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>MIKHAYLIK</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>48</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>48</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">48</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>MIKHAYLIK</author><author>YuriyV.</author><author>AKRIDGE</author><author>JamesR.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PolysulfideshuttlestudyintheLi/Sbatterysystem</title><alt-title>Anglais</alt-title></titles><volume>151</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>Specificcapacity</keyword><keyword>Capacit&#233</keyword><keyword>sp&#233</keyword><keyword>cifique</keyword><keyword>Dischargechargecycle</keyword><keyword>Cyclecharged&#233</keyword><keyword>charge</keyword><keyword>Electricalcharacteristic</keyword><keyword>Caract&#233</keyword><keyword>ristique&#233</keyword><keyword>lectrique</keyword><keyword>LithiumPolysulfides</keyword><keyword>LithiumPolysulfure</keyword><keyword>Electrochemicalcorrosion</keyword><keyword>Corrosion&#233</keyword><keyword>lectrochimique</keyword><keyword>Lithiumsulfurbatteries</keyword><keyword>Batterielithiumsoufre</keyword><keyword>Organicelectrolytestoragebattery</keyword><keyword>Accumulateur&#233</keyword><keyword>lectrolyteorganique</keyword><keyword>Secondarycell</keyword><keyword>Accumulateur&#233</keyword><keyword>lectrochimique</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year></dates><pub-location>Pennington,NJ,ETATS-UNIS</pub-location><publisher>ElectrochemicalSociety</publisher><urls></urls><language>0013-4651</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"MIKHAYLIK,2004#48"8]。李亞娟等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>李亞娟</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferencePaper">47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>李亞娟</author><author>郭軍</author><author>李光</author><author>劉素琴</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中南大學化學化工學院湖南長沙410083</auth-address><titles><title>鋰硫電池放電產(chǎn)物多硫化鋰的理論研究</title><secondary-title>第29屆全國化學與物理電源學術(shù)年會論文集</secondary-title></titles><pages>239-240</pages><keywords><keyword>硫化鋰密度泛函理論計算鋰硫二次電池結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year></dates><pub-location>長沙</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>/Conference_7552365.aspx</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"李亞娟,2011#26"9]采用密度泛涵的方法對S8和硫化鋰分子的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)進行理論研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)八種具有穩(wěn)定構(gòu)型的硫化鋰分子。而Li2S分子中S-Li鍵鍵長相比其它硫化鋰而言具有最小，該分子中鋰原子和硫原子間作用力很強。在鋰硫二次電池體系中，這會導致硫電極放電產(chǎn)物在充電過程中鋰離子不容易脫出。這也是鋰硫二次電池深度放電后，再充電電池極化增大的主要原因。研究人員抑制多硫化物在電解質(zhì)中的溶解，在硫正極中引入了金屬納米氧化物。硫電極中摻入納米金屬氧化物增大了材料的比表面積,擴展了鋰離子擴散至材料內(nèi)部的通道,使電解液對活性物質(zhì)有更好的浸潤效果,還能抑制多硫化物的溶解和硫的聚集。部分納米金屬氧化物還對硫-硫鍵的斷裂和鍵合反應有一定的催化作用，能夠改善硫電極的動力學特征ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王圣平</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王圣平</author><author>周權(quán)</author><author>周成岡</author><author>吳金平</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangSheng-ping</author><author>ZhouQuan</author><author>ZhouChen-gang</author><author>W.U.Jin-ping</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>中國地質(zhì)大學可持續(xù)能源實驗室,湖北,武漢,430074;中國地質(zhì)大學材料科學與化學工程學院,湖北,武漢,430074</auth-address><titles><title>鋰硫電池硫電極的研究現(xiàn)狀</title><secondary-title>電池</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>電池</full-title></periodical><pages>232-235</pages><volume>40</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>鋰硫電池硫電極制備工藝電極材料電化學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>1001-1579</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/Periodical_dc201004018.aspx</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1001-1579.2010.04.018</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"王圣平,2010#49"10]。Y.J.Choi等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Choi</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>117</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>117</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">117</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Choi,Y.J.</author><author>Jung,B.S.</author><author>Lee,D.J.</author><author>Jeong,J.H.</author><author>Kim,K.W.</author><author>Ahn,H.J.</author><author>Cho,K.K.</author><author>Gu,H.B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ElectrochemicalpropertiesofsulfurelectrodecontainingnanoAl2O3forlithium/sulfurcell</title><secondary-title>PhysicaScripta</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhysicaScripta</full-title></periodical><pages>62-65</pages><volume>T129</volume><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0031-8949 1402-4896</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1088/0031-8949/2007/t129/014</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Choi,2007#117"11]將含有納米r-Al2O3、硫(<20μm)、乙炔黑的丙酮懸浮液超聲降解后與粘結(jié)劑球磨,得到具有較高比容量和較好循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性的多孔硫電極材料。Z.WeiSeh等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>WeiSeh</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>45</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WeiSeh,Zhi</author><author>Li,Weiyang</author><author>Cha,JudyJ.</author><author>Zheng,Guangyuan</author><author>Yang,Yuan</author><author>McDowell,MatthewT.</author><author>Hsu,Po-Chun</author><author>Cui,Yi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Sulphur–TiO2yolk–shellnanoarchitecturewithinternalvoidspaceforlong-cyclelithium–sulphurbatteries</title><secondary-title>NatCommun</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatCommun</full-title></periodical><pages>1331</pages><volume>4</volume><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>01/08/online</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>NaturePublishingGroup,adivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimited.AllRightsReserved.</publisher><work-type>10.1038/ncomms2327</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/ncomms2327</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/ncomms/journal/v4/n1/suppinfo/ncomms2327_S1.html</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"WeiSeh,2013#45"12]通過實驗方法制作出具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的S/TiO2復合材料，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的材料不僅能有效吸附、固定硫，阻止多硫化物的溶解，還可以減小沖放電過程中硫化物改變引起的電極膨脹、破碎。經(jīng)電化學性能測試，展現(xiàn)出良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性和較高的比容量。0.5C電流密度下，初始放電容量1030mAh/g，循環(huán)放電1000次，庫侖效率為

98.4%，平均每次容量衰減僅0.033%。由此看出具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的電極材料能夠表現(xiàn)長循環(huán)性能。2.3硫/碳復合材料碳作為良好的電子導體，碳材料的高比表面積可提供較大的電極反應面積，降低電化學極化，阻礙硫的聚集；高孔容可容納大量的硫，保證電極材料中有足夠的活性物質(zhì)；碳材料與硫熱復合后,豐富的孔結(jié)構(gòu)可容納硫顆粒,這些孔也是放電產(chǎn)物的容器，吸附性又能抑制多硫化物的溶解；碳材料的良好導電性也能彌補硫電絕緣性的缺點ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王圣平</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王圣平</author><author>周權(quán)</author><author>周成岡</author><author>吳金平</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangSheng-ping</author><author>ZhouQuan</author><author>ZhouChen-gang</author><author>W.U.Jin-ping</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>中國地質(zhì)大學可持續(xù)能源實驗室,湖北,武漢,430074;中國地質(zhì)大學材料科學與化學工程學院,湖北,武漢,430074</auth-address><titles><title>鋰硫電池硫電極的研究現(xiàn)狀</title><secondary-title>電池</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>電池</full-title></periodical><pages>232-235</pages><volume>40</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>鋰硫電池硫電極制備工藝電極材料電化學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>1001-1579</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/Periodical_dc201004018.aspx</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1001-1579.2010.04.018</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"王圣平,2010#49"10]。目前通過研究合成具有不同納米結(jié)構(gòu)的碳材料作為載硫體，成為鋰硫電池的研究重點。Y.Qu等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qu</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">41</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Qu,Yaohui</author><author>Zhang,Zhian</author><author>Zhang,Xiahui</author><author>Ren,Guodong</author><author>Wang,Xiwen</author><author>Lai,Yanqing</author><author>Liu,Yexiang</author><author>Li,Jie</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Synthesisofhierarchicalporoushoneycombcarbonforlithium-sulfurbatterycathodewithhighratecapabilityandlongcyclingstability</title><secondary-title>ElectrochimicaActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ElectrochimicaActa</full-title></periodical><pages>439-446</pages><volume>137</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>00134686</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.071</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]以葡萄糖做碳源，以硅球作為模板，通過溶劑蒸發(fā)的方法，碳化后得到比表面積為614.4m2/g,孔容為1.34cm3/g，孔徑范圍在120~140nm的層級孔蜂窩碳材料。材料與硫復合之后進行相關(guān)電化學測試，表現(xiàn)出較好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性，以2C倍率恒流充放電測試，首次放電比容量為923mAh/g，循環(huán)100次后容量保持在564mAh/g。K.Xi等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Xi</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>31</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">31</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Xi,K.</author><author>Cao,S.</author><author>Peng,X.</author><author>Ducati,C.</author><author>Kumar,R.V.</author><author>Cheetham,A.K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandMetallurgy,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,CB23QZ,UK.</auth-address><titles><title>Carbonwithhierarchicalporesfromcarbonizedmetal-organicframeworksforlithiumsulphurbatteries</title><secondary-title>ChemCommun(Camb)</secondary-title><alt-title>Chemicalcommunications</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemCommun(Camb)</full-title><abbr-1>Chemicalcommunications</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>ChemCommun(Camb)</full-title><abbr-1>Chemicalcommunications</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>2192-4</pages><volume>49</volume><number>22</number><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Mar18</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1364-548X(Electronic) 1359-7345(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23396518</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/23396518</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c3cc38009b</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]利用含鋅的金屬有機骨架材料（MOFs）經(jīng)過碳化后，形成的具有層級多孔碳材料，與硫復合形成載硫率為55wt%正極材料。表現(xiàn)出良好的電化學性能，并且材料形成的介孔越多、孔容越大，材料的循環(huán)性能越好。陳君政等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>陳君政</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>陳君政</author><author>吳鋒</author><author>陳人杰</author><author>李麗</author><author>陳實</author></authors><translated-authors><author>ChenJun-zheng</author><author>W.U.Feng</author><author>ChenRen-jie</author><author>L.I.Li</author><author>ChenShi</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>北京理工大學化工與環(huán)境學院環(huán)境科學工程北京市重點實驗室,北京,100081 北京理工大學化工與環(huán)境學院環(huán)境科學工程北京市重點實驗室，北京100081;國家高技術(shù)綠色材料發(fā)展中心，北京100081</auth-address><titles><title>不同管徑多壁碳納米管與硫含量對鋰硫電池單質(zhì)硫正極電化學性能的影響</title><secondary-title>新型炭材料</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>新型炭材料</full-title></periodical><pages>428-434</pages><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>不同管徑多壁碳納米管鋰硫電池單質(zhì)硫正極DifferentdiametersMultiwalledcarbonnanotubesLithium-sulfurbatteryCathodematerial</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1007-8827</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/Periodical_xxtcl201306007.aspx</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]采用分段加熱的方法合成了不同管徑、不同硫含量的單質(zhì)硫-多壁碳納米管(S-MWCNT)復合材料，并篩選出以10~20nm直徑的MWCNT為核,質(zhì)量分數(shù)85%硫為殼的最優(yōu)化條件下的復合材料。在最優(yōu)化的條件下,復合材料首次放電比容量達1272.8mAh/g，活性物質(zhì)利用率為76.0%，循環(huán)至第8周時放電容量還保持在720.1mAh/g，容量保持率高達64.4%。與未添加MWCNT的單質(zhì)硫電極相比,硫復合電極活性物質(zhì)的利用率和循環(huán)性能都得到了較大的改善。此外，袁艷等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>袁艷</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r2tvx2x2gxzaspe5rsw599a0frztpd2rzez2">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>袁艷</author><author>陳白珍</author><author>陳亞</author></authors><translated-authors><author>YuanYan</author><author>ChenBai-zhen</author><author>ChenYa</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>中南大學冶金與環(huán)境學院,長沙,410083</auth-address><titles><title>鋰/硫電池用納米硫的液相沉積法制備及性能</title><secondary-title>中國有色金屬學報</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國有色金屬學報</full-title></periodical><pages>2863-2867</pages><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>納米硫鋰/硫電池液相沉積法sulfurnanomaterialLi/Sbatteryliquidphaseprecipitationmethod</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1004-0609</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/Periodical_zgysjsxb201310018.aspx</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database